The Bangladesh Ansar is a paramilitary auxiliary force responsible for the preservation of internal security and law enforcement in Bangladesh. It is administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of Bangladesh. It has 6 million active and reserved members. It is the largest paramilitary force in the world.

The Insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts refers to a political and armed conflict occurred in two phases:First phase happened from 1977 to 1997 between the government of Bangladesh and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti and its armed wing, the Shanti Bahini, over the issue of autonomy and the land rights of Jumma people, mainly for Chakma people and the other indigenous of Chittagong Hill Tracts. Shanti Bahini launched an insurgency against government forces in 1977, when the country was under military rule, and the conflict continued for twenty years until the government and the PCJSS signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997. Second phase started in 2017 with the establishment of the secessionist Kuki-Chin National Front under Nathan Bom, which wanted to establish a separate state for the Bawm and other ethnic groups in the Bandarban & Rangamati district, and still ongoing.