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New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
Northeast Harbor, Maine
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Northeast Harbor is a village on Mount Desert Island, located in the town of Mount Desert in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The village has a significant summer population, and has long been an enclave of the rich. Summer residents include the Rockefeller family, the village was once so popular as a summer resort among Philadelphians that it was sometimes known as Philadelphia on the rocks. The village is home to the Asticou Azalea Garden, brooke Astor Barbara Bel Geddes Garry Moore Marguerite Yourcenar
3.
Miss Ellie Ewing
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Eleanor Miss Ellie Farlow is a fictional character, from the CBS soap opera Dallas, a long running serial centered on the lives of the wealthy Ewing family in Dallas, Texas. Throughout her run, the remains a important part of the shows structure. Created by writer David Jacobs, the role was originated by screen actress Barbara Bel Geddes in the pilot episode until her departure in 1984. After Bel Geddes left, she was replaced by movie and television actress Donna Reed, Bel Geddes returned at the start of Dallass next season and remained in the show until season thirteen, when she wanted to retire from acting. The character of Miss Ellie was written out following Bel Geddes departure, Bel Geddes appeared in all but two of the Dallas episodes for six seasons, and missed one third of the episodes at the beginning of the 1983-84 season, due to her recovery from her heart surgery. Miss Ellies storylines focus on her familys troubles, as the matriarch of the Ewing family, she is portrayed as a strong and loving mother. Miss Ellie Ewing Farlow is one of the characters invented by the creator of Dallas. Before the creation of the show, Jacobs originally had quite a different idea of what he envisioned the show to be and he wanted to create a television show based on family issues and examining relationships at the middle class level. The Production Company, CBS, initially turned down his idea, as they wanted something more glitzy to put on the air. After the success of Dallas, Jacobs initial idea would become the Dallas spin-off Knots Landing. Bel Geddes was the first actress to sign on to star in the series, in Dallas, The Complete Story of the Worlds Favorite Prime-Time Soap by Barbara A. Curran, producer Leonard Katzman said that at the time no one was looking for big-name actors. When asked what attracted her to the serial, the actress said, I needed a job. Miss Ellie is the daughter of rancher Aaron Southworth, who instills in her a fierce pride in her heritage, deep-seated courage, during the first half of the 1930s, Miss Ellie was the sweetheart of Digger Barnes. On the day that her family was going to lose Southfork Miss Ellie married Jock, the couple had three sons, J. R. Gary and Bobby. Jock takes over raising his eldest son J. R. showing him tough love and grooming him to be the heir of Ewing Oil, thus making him one of the most ruthless oilmen in the oil business. Miss Ellie has more influence on their second son Gary, who is Miss Ellies favourite son as Gary is more like the Southworths than the Ewings in loving ranching and the land over the oil business. Jock and Miss Ellies youngest son, Bobby, is Jocks favourite son, in 1979, Miss Ellie is diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoes a mastectomy and fully recovers. In 1980, she learns that ranch foreman Ray Krebbs is Jocks illegitimate son from an affair with an Army nurse named Margaret Hunter in England during World War II
4.
Dallas (1978 TV series)
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Dallas is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2,1978, to May 3,1991. The series revolves around a wealthy and feuding Texan family, the Ewings, who own the independent oil company Ewing Oil, the series originally focused on the marriage of Bobby Ewing and Pamela Barnes, whose families were sworn enemies with each other. As the series progressed, oil tycoon J. R. Ewing grew to be the main character, whose schemes. When the show ended in May 1991, J. R. was the character to have appeared in every episode. The show was famous for its cliffhangers, including the Who shot J. R. mystery, the 1980 episode Who Done It remains the second highest rated prime-time telecast ever. The show also featured a Dream Season, in which the entirety of the season was revealed to have been a dream of Pam Ewing. After 14 seasons, the series finale Conundrum aired in 1991, the show had a relatively ensemble cast. The series won four Emmy Awards, including a 1980 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series win for Bel Geddes. With its 357 episodes, Dallas remains one of the longest lasting full-hour primetime dramas in American TV history, behind Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, Bonanza, Law & Order, in 2007 Dallas was included in TIME magazines list of 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. Dallas also spawned the spin-off series Knots Landing in 1979 which also lasted 14 seasons, in 2010, TNT announced it had ordered a new, updated continuation of Dallas. The revival series, continuing the story of the Ewing family, premiered on TNT on June 13,2012, Dallas debuted on April 2,1978, as a five-part miniseries on the CBS network. The first five episodes, originally considered a miniseries, are now referred to as season one—making fourteen seasons in total, the show is known for its portrayal of wealth, sex, intrigue, and power struggles. Ellies family were—in contrast to Jock—ranchers, with love for the land. Following the marriage of Ellie and Jock, the Southworth family ranch, Southfork, became the Ewings home, where Jock and Miss Ellie raised three sons, J. R. Gary and Bobby. Middle son Gary was Ellies favorite as he displayed Southworth traits, however, while still young, Gary had married waitress Valene Clements, who produced the first heir, the petite and saucy Lucy. Years prior to the beginning, J. R. had driven Gary and Valene off Southfork. During the first episodes of the series, the teenaged Lucy is seen sleeping with ranch foreman Ray Krebbs. Later, in four, Ray would be revealed as Lucys uncle
5.
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
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Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a play by Tennessee Williams. One of Williamss best-known works and his favorite, the play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1955. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features several recurring motifs, such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression, dialogue throughout is often rendered phonetically to represent accents of the Southern United States. The original production starred Barbara Bel Geddes, Burl Ives, the play was adapted as a motion picture of the same name in 1958, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Paul Newman as Maggie and Brick, with Burl Ives and Madeleine Sherwood recreating their stage roles. Williams made substantial excisions and alterations to the play for a revival in 1974 and this has been the version used for most subsequent revivals, which have been numerous. The party is to celebrate the birthday of patriarch Big Daddy Pollitt, the Deltas biggest cotton-planter, all family members are aware of Big Daddys true diagnosis, he is dying of cancer. Maggie, determined and beautiful, has escaped a childhood of poverty to marry into the wealthy Pollitts, the family is aware that Brick has not slept with Maggie for a long time, which has strained their marriage. Brick, a football hero, infuriates her by ignoring his brother Goopers attempts to gain control of the family fortune. Bricks indifference and his drinking have escalated with the suicide of his friend Skipper, Maggie fears that Bricks malaise will ensure that Gooper and his wife Mae end up with Big Daddys estate. Through the evening, Brick, Big Daddy and Maggie—and the entire family—separately must face down the issues which they have bottled up inside, Big Daddy attempts a reconciliation with the alcoholic Brick. Brick explains to Big Daddy that Maggie was jealous of the friendship between Brick and Skipper because she believed it had a romantic undercurrent. He states that Skipper took Maggie to bed to prove her wrong, Brick believes that when Skipper couldnt complete the act, his self-questioning about his sexuality and his friendship with Brick made him snap. Brick also reveals that, shortly before he committed suicide, Skipper confessed his feelings to Brick, disgusted with the familys mendacity, Brick tells Big Daddy that the report from the clinic about his condition was falsified for his sake. Big Daddy storms out of the room, leading the party gathered out on the gallery to drift inside, Maggie, Brick, Mae, Gooper, and Doc Baugh decide to tell Big Mama the truth about his illness and she is devastated by the news. Gooper and Mae start to discuss the division of the Pollitt estate, Big Mama defends her husband from Gooper and Maes proposals. Big Daddy reappears and makes known his plans to die peacefully, attempting to secure Bricks inheritance, Maggie tells him she is pregnant. Gooper and Mae know this is a lie, but Big Mama, when they are alone again, Maggie locks away the liquor and promises Brick that she will make the lie true. Mendacity is a theme throughout the play
6.
I Remember Mama (film)
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The film starred Irene Dunne in the titular role, as well as Barbara Bel Geddes, Philip Dorn, Ellen Corby and Oscar Homolka who reprised the role of Uncle Chris, which he had created on Broadway. The film was nominated for 5 Academy Awards, the film begins with eldest daughter Katrin completing the last lines of her autobiographical novel. Each family member makes a sacrifice to contribute to the boys education. Martas sister Trina arrives, announces she is marrying undertaker Peter Thorkelson, when Marta threatens to reveal embarrassing anecdotes about them, the women accept their sisters decision. When Jonathan Hyde, the Hansons impoverished lodger, reads A Tale of Two Cities aloud for the family, later, the family is visited by Martas gruff but soft-hearted Uncle Chris and his housekeeper Jessie Brown, who is secretly his wife. When Chris discovers Dagmar is ill with mastoiditis, he insists on taking her to the hospital, Dagmars operation is a success, but Marta is prohibited from seeing her. Disguised as a member of the staff, she sneaks into Dagmars ward. When Dagmar returns home, she learns her cat, Uncle Elizabeth, is ill, despite Dagmars belief in her mothers powers, Marta feels helpless to save the cat and sends Nels to buy chloroform so she can euthanize it. The following morning, she is astonished when Dagmar walks in with an apparently cured cat, mr. Hyde moves out, leaving his classic books and a check for his rent. The familys joy vanishes when they discover the check has no value, Sigrid and Jenny are furious, but Marta declares his gift of literature is payment enough. Katrin brags to Christine that their mother is going to buy her the dresser set she has long admired as a graduation present. As she is about to leave to perform in the production of The Merchant of Venice. Distraught, the girl performs badly in the play and later retrieves the brooch after trading back the dresser set, Marta then gives the brooch to Katrin as a graduation present. Katrins father presents her with her first cup of coffee, which she had been told she could drink once she was a grown-up, Marta learns Uncle Chris is near death, and she takes Katrin to say goodbye. He reveals he has no money to leave his niece because he has been donating his income to help children with leg or foot problems walk again, after enjoying a final drink with his niece and Jessie, Uncle Chris dies. Katrin is dejected when she receives her tenth literary rejection letter, Marta then takes some of her stories to famed author and gourmand Florence Dana Moorhead and convinces her to read them. Marta returns home and advises her daughter that Moorhead feels the girl should write about what she knows best, Marta urges Katrin to write about Papa. When Katrins story is accepted for publication, she is paid $500, after announcing some of the money will go towards the purchase of the winter coat Marta wants, Katrin confesses her story is titled Mama and the Hospital
7.
Vertigo (film)
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Vertigo is a 1958 American film noir psychological thriller film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock. The story was based on the 1954 novel Dentre les morts by Boileau-Narcejac, the screenplay was written by Alec Coppel and Samuel A. Taylor. The film stars James Stewart as former police detective John Scottie Ferguson, Scottie is forced into early retirement because an incident in the line of duty has caused him to develop acrophobia and vertigo. Scottie is hired by an acquaintance, Gavin Elster, as an investigator to follow Gavins wife Madeleine. The film was shot on location in San Francisco, California and it is the first film to use the dolly zoom, an in-camera effect that distorts perspective to create disorientation, to convey Scotties acrophobia. As a result of its use in film, the effect is often referred to as the Vertigo effect. Vertigo received mixed reviews upon release, but is now often cited as a classic Hitchcock film. Attracting significant scholarly criticism, it replaced Citizen Kane as the best film made in the 2012 British Film Institutes Sight & Sound critics poll. In 1996, the film underwent a restoration to create a new 70mm print. It has appeared repeatedly in polls of the best films by the American Film Institute, after a rooftop chase, where his fear of heights and vertigo result in the death of a policeman, San Francisco detective John Scottie Ferguson retires. Scottie tries to conquer his fear, but his friend and ex-fiancée Midge Wood says that another severe emotional shock may be the only cure. An acquaintance from college, Gavin Elster, asks Scottie to follow his wife, Madeleine and he watches her enter the McKittrick Hotel, but on investigation she does not seem to be there. Gavin reveals that Carlotta is Madeleines great-grandmother, although Madeleine has no knowledge of this, Scottie tails Madeleine to Fort Point and, when she leaps into the bay, he rescues her. The next day Scottie follows Madeleine, they meet and spend the day together and they travel to Muir Woods and Cypress Point on 17-Mile Drive, where Madeleine runs down towards the ocean. Scottie grabs her and they embrace, Madeleine recounts a nightmare and Scottie identifies its setting as Mission San Juan Bautista, childhood home of Carlotta. He drives her there and they express their love for each other, Madeleine suddenly runs into the church and up the bell tower. Scottie, halted on the steps by his acrophobia, sees Madeleine plunge to her death, the death is declared a suicide. Gavin does not fault Scottie, but Scottie breaks down, becomes depressed and is in a sanatorium
8.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
9.
Norman Bel Geddes
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Norman Melancton Bel Geddes was an American theatrical and industrial designer. Bel Geddes was born Norman Melancton Geddes in Adrian, Michigan, and raised in New Philadelphia, Ohio, the son of Flora Luelle and Clifton Terry Geddes, when he married Helen Belle Schneider in 1916, they incorporated their names to Bel Geddes. Their daughters were actress Barbara Bel Geddes and writer Joan Ulanov, Bel Geddes began his career with set designs for Aline Barnsdalls Los Angeles Little Theater in the 1916-17 season, then in 1918 as the scene designer for the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He designed and directed various theatrical works, from Arabesque and The Five OClock Girl on Broadway to an ice show, It Happened on Ice and he also created set designs for the film Feet of Clay, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, designed costumes for Max Reinhardt, and created the sets for the Broadway production of Sidney Kingsleys Dead End, Bel Geddes opened an industrial-design studio in 1927, and designed a wide range of commercial products, from cocktail shakers to commemorative medallions to radio cabinets. His designs extended to unrealized futuristic concepts, an automobile. In 1929, he designed Airliner Number 4, a 9-deck amphibian airliner that incorporated areas for deck-games, an orchestra, a gymnasium, a solarium, and two airplane hangars. His book Horizons had a significant impact, By popularizing streamlining when only a few engineers were considering its functional use and he wrote forward-looking articles for popular American periodicals. Bel Geddes designed the General Motors Pavilion, known as Futurama, for that famous and enormously influential installation, Bel Geddes exploited his earlier work in the same vein, he had designed a Metropolis City of 1960 in 1936. Bel Geddess book Magic Motorways promoted advances in design and transportation, foreshadowing the Interstate Highway System, along with aspects of driver assist. The case for the Mark I computer was designed by Norman Bel Geddes, iBMs Thomas Watson presented it to Harvard. At the time, some saw it as a waste of resources, since computing power was in demand during this part of World War II. Bel Geddes died on May 8,1958, in New York and his autobiography, Miracle in the Evening, was published posthumously in 1960. The archive of Norman Bel Geddes is held by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin and this large collection includes models, drafts, watercolor designs, research notes, project proposals, and correspondence. The Ransom Center also holds the papers of Bel Geddes wife, Norman Bel Geddes is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame, a distinction he shares with his daughter, Barbara Bel Geddes
10.
Carl Van Vechten
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Carl Van Vechten was an American writer and artistic photographer who was a patron of the Harlem Renaissance and the literary executor of Gertrude Stein. Born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, he was the youngest child of Charles and he graduated from Washington High School in 1898, and later the University of Chicago in 1903. In 1906, he moved to New York City and he was hired as the assistant music critic at The New York Times. His interest in opera had him take a leave of absence from the paper in 1907, while in England he married his long-time friend from Cedar Rapids, Anna Snyder. He returned to his job at the New York Times in 1909, at that time, Isadora Duncan, Anna Pavlova, and Loie Fuller were performing in New York City. The marriage to Anna Snyder ended in divorce in 1912 and he wed actress Fania Marinoff in 1914 and their marriage lasted until the end of his life, even while his relationships with men were an open secret. They continued corresponding for the remainder of Steins life, and at her death she appointed Van Vechten her literary executor, several books of Van Vechtens essays on various subjects such as music and literature were published between 1915 and 1920. Van Vechtens controversial novel Nigger Heaven was published in 1926 and his essay Negro Blues Singers was published in Vanity Fair in 1926. Biographer Edward White suggests Van Vechten was convinced that Negro culture was the essence of America, by the start of the 1930s and at age 50, Van Vechten was finished with writing and took up photography, using his apartment at 150 West 55th Street as a studio. After the 1930s Van Vechten published little writing, though he continued writing letters to many correspondents, Van Vechten died in 1964, at the age of 84, in New York City. Most of Van Vechtens personal papers are held by the Beinecke Rare Book, the Beinecke Library also holds a collection titled Living Portraits, Carl Van Vechtens Color Photographs Of African Americans, 1939–1964, a collection of 1,884 color Kodachrome slides. The Library of Congress has a collection of approximately 1,400 photographs, there is also a collection of Van Vechtens photographs in the Prentiss Taylor collection in the Smithsonians Archives of American Art, and a Van Vechten collection at Fisk University. The Museum of the City of New Yorks collection includes 2,174 of Carl Van Vechtens photographs, brandeis Universitys department of Archives & Special Collections holds 1,689 Carl Van Vechten portraits. Van Vechten also donated materials to Fisk University to form the George Gershwin Memorial Collection of Music, the album ’O, Write My Name’, American Portraits, Harlem Heroes was completed in 1983. That year, the National Endowment for the Arts transferred the Eakins Press Foundation’s prototype albums to the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, dust Tracks on a Road, An Autobiography. Guide to the Carl Van Vechten papers, 1833–1965, manuscripts and Archives, New York Public Library. Carl Van Vechten collection of papers, 1911–1964, berg Collection of English and American Literature, New York Public Library
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