Baruch Spinoza
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Baruch Spinoza, also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin who was born and lived in the Dutch Republic. A forerunner of the Enlighten
Spinoza
Samuel Hirszenberg's imagined scene of Uriel da Costa instructing Spinoza (1901)
The Moses and Aaron Church now stands at the site of Spinoza's childhood home.
Excommunicated Spinoza by Samuel Hirszenberg (1907), the second of his two modern paintings imagining scenes of Spinoza's life
Pantheism
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Pantheism is a diverse family of philosophical and religious beliefs that equate reality with divinity. Pantheistic concepts date back thousands of years, and pantheistic elements have been identified
Baruch Spinoza
…should have no role in a secular, democratic state. Ethics equates God with nature, arguing for a view of God that scholars interpret variously as pantheistic, panentheistic, or atheistic, and it explores the place of human freedom in a world devoid of theological, cosmological, and political moorings. Rejecting…
Pantheists believe that the universe itself and everything in it form a single, all-encompassing deity.
Levi Ponce's Luminaries of Pantheism mural in Venice, California, for The Paradise Project
Albert Einstein is considered a pantheist by some commentators.