The Battle of Batih was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Chetvertynivka in Ukraine, a forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Otaman Tymofiy Khmelnytsky and Colonel Ivan Bohun attacked and completely defeated the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces under the command of Hetman Marcin Kalinowski, Noblemans Marek Sobieski and Zygmunt Przyjemski, all of them were killed in the battle. In the aftermath of the battle, the Polish–Lithuanian soldiers taken prisoner were brutally slain by the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars in the Batih massacre in 3–4 June 1652 as a revenge for the Battle of Berestechko in 28 June — 10 July, 1651.

The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, or the Khmelnytsky insurrection, was a Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine. Under the command of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, allied with the Crimean Tatars and local Ukrainian peasantry, fought against Polish domination and Commonwealth's forces. The insurgency was accompanied by mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against the civilian population, especially against the Roman Catholic and Ruthenian Uniate clergy and the Jews, as well as savage reprisals by Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, the voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship.