The Battle of Myriokephalon was a battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks in the mountains west of Iconium (Konya) in southwestern Turkey on 17 September 1176. The battle was a strategic reverse for the Byzantine forces, who were ambushed when moving through a mountain pass.
This image by Gustave Doré shows the Turkish ambush at the pass of Myriokephalon.
The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071). The name Rûm was a synonym for the medieval Eastern Roman Empire and its peoples, as it remains in modern Turkish. The name is derived from the Aramaic (rhōmī) and Parthian (frwm) names for ancient Rome, via the Greek Ῥωμαῖοι (Romaioi).
Horseman with Anatolian Seljuk equipement, in Varka and Golshah, mid-13th century miniature (detail), Konya, Sultanate of Rum.
Gold coinage of Suleiman II of Rum, Konya, 597 H (1200-1201 CE)
Kızıl Kule (Red Tower), built between 1221 and 1226 by Kayqubad I in Alanya
Inlaid metal candle holder, probably Konya, 1250-1300.