Battle of Newburn
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The Battle of Newburn took place on 28 August 1640, during the Second Bishops' War, near Newburn in northern England. A Scottish Covenanter army of 20,000 under Alexander Leslie defeated an English fo
Covenanter cavalry fording the River Tyne during the battle
Signing of the National Covenant in Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh.
The Scottish commander, Alexander Leslie
John Pym, leader of the English Parliamentary opposition; defeat forced Charles to recall Parliament in November 1640
Covenanters
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Covenanters were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. It originated
Battle of Newburn
…The Battle of Newburn took place on 28 August 1640, during the Second Bishops' War, near Newburn in northern England. A Scottish Covenanter army of 20,000 under Alexander Leslie defeated an English force of 5,000, led by Viscount Conway. The only significant military action of the war…
John Knox, who founded the reformed Church of Scotland, or kirk
1637 riots over the Book of Common Prayer; some modern historians argue these were not spontaneous, but pre-planned
Covenanter political leader, the Marquess of Argyll