Battle of White Mountain
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The Battle of White Mountain was fought on 8 November 1620 outside Prague in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War. An army backing Frederick V led by Christian of Anhalt was defeated by forces su
Battle of White Mountain, oil painting by P. Snaijers
Plan of the battle from Theatrum Europaeum: Bohemians above, Imperial and Bavarian forces below
The 27 tributary crosses
Painting celebrating the Catholic victory, by Anton Stevens (c. 1610–1675). In the upper part there is Our Lady of Victory surrounded by saints; in the lower left-hand corner there is the victorious Emperor Ferdinand II with his son Ferdinand III and the Bohemian lion.
Frederick V was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and reigned as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both roles, and the brevity of
Portrait by Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt, c. 1630
Portrait of Frederick by Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt, 1613
Elizabeth Stuart in 1613, later Queen of Bohemia, called the Winter Queen
Heidelberg Castle and the Hortus Palatinus commissioned by Frederick, and designed by English architect Inigo Jones (1573–1652) and French engineer Salomon de Caus (1576–1626), painting by Jacques Fouquier