Martha Beatrice Webb, Baroness Passfield, was an English sociologist, economist, feminist and social reformer. She was among the founders of the London School of Economics and played a crucial role in forming the Fabian Society. Additionally, she authored several popular books, with her most notable being The Cooperative Movement in Great Britain and Industrial Democracy, co-authored by her husband Sidney Webb, where she coined the term “collective bargaining” as a way to discuss the negotiation process between an employer and a labor union. As a feminist and social reformer, she criticised the exclusion of women from various occupations as well as campaigning for the unionisation of female workers, pushing for legislation that allowed for better hours and conditions.
Portrait of Webb, 1894
Sidney (left, seated) and Beatrice Webb (second right, seated) with Beatrice's sister Margaret Hobhouse, née Potter, (third left, seated) and Margaret's family; circa 1900
Beatrice and Sidney Webb working together in 1895
Beatrice and Sidney Webb during their trip to the Soviet Union in 1932
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb, Graham Wallas and George Bernard Shaw, LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and established its first degree courses under the auspices of the university in 1901. LSE began awarding its degrees in its own name in 2008, prior to which it awarded degrees of the University of London. It became a university in its own right within the University of London in 2022.
Beatrice and Sidney Webb
Friedrich Hayek, who taught at LSE during the 1930s and 1940s
Stonework featuring the initials of LSE
The World Turned Upside Down – Taiwan is coloured differently from China