1.
Mike Judge
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Michael Craig Mike Judge is an American actor, animator, writer, producer, director, and musician. Judge is the creator of the television series Beavis and Butt-Head, co-creator of the television series King of the Hill, The Goode Family and he also wrote and directed the films Beavis and Butt-Head Do America, Office Space, Idiocracy and Extract. Judge graduated from University of California, San Diego, where he studied physics, after becoming uninterested in his career in science, Judge began to experiment with animation and started to create his own short films. Finding success in his shorts, Judge began to develop one of his most popular shorts which would later become Beavis. The show was acclaimed by both audiences and critics, and launched the spin-off series Daria and the feature film Beavis. In 1995, Judge and former Simpsons writer Greg Daniels developed King of the Hill, during the run of the show, Judge took some time off to write and direct Office Space, Idiocracy, and Extract. As King of the Hill was coming to an end, Judge created his third show titled The Goode Family, after a four-year hiatus, Judge created his fourth show Silicon Valley, which has received critical acclaim since its premiere. Judge has won a Primetime Emmy Award and two Annie Awards for King of the Hill and two Critics Choice Television Awards and Satellite Awards for Silicon Valley. On January 12,2017, Deadline confirmed that Cinemax ordered 8 episodes of Judges new animated series, Mike Judge Presents and it is set to premiere in 2017. Michael Craig Judge is the second of three born to archaeologist Jim Judge and librarian Margaret Blue. He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where his father worked for an organization promoting agricultural development. Judge was raised from age 7 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Judge attended St. Pius X High School before graduating with a Bachelor of Science in physics in 1986 from the University of California, San Diego. After graduating in 1986 from UCSD with a bachelor of science in physics, Judges first job was as a programmer for the F-18 fighter at Support Systems Associates, Inc. In 1987 he moved to Silicon Valley to join Parallax Graphics, disliking the companys culture and his colleagues, Judge quit after less than three months and became a bass player with a touring blues band. He was a part of Anson Funderburghs band for two years, playing on their 1990 Black Top Records release Rack Em Up, while taking graduate classes at the University of Texas at Dallas. In 1989, after seeing animation cels on display in a theater, Judge purchased a Bolex 16 mm film camera. In 1991, his short film Office Space was acquired by Comedy Central, in the early 1990s, he was playing blues bass with Doyle Bramhall. In 1992, he developed Frog Baseball, a film featuring the characters Beavis and Butt-Head, to be featured on Liquid Television
2.
Beavis and Butt-Head
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Beavis and Butt-Head is an American animated sitcom created and designed by Mike Judge. The series originated from Frog Baseball, a 1992 short film by Judge originally aired on Liquid Television, after seeing the short, MTV signed Judge to develop the concept. The series first ran from March 8,1993 to November 28,1997, then, the series was renewed for an eighth season which aired from October 27 to December 29,2011. In 1996, the series was adapted into the feature film Beavis. The show centers on two socially incompetent, heavy metal-loving teenage delinquents, Beavis and Butt-Head, who go to school at Highland High in Highland and they have no apparent adult supervision at home, are dim-witted, under-educated and barely literate. Both lack any empathy or moral scruples, even regarding each other and their most common shared activity is watching music videos, which they tend to judge by deeming them cool, or by exclaiming, This sucks. They also apply these judgments to other things that they encounter, each episode features frequent interstitial scenes in which they critique music videos using commentary improvised by Judge. The remainder of the episode depicts the duo embarking on some kind of scheme or adventure and their teachers at Highland High are often at a loss as to how to deal with them, and in many episodes they skip school altogether. Their actions sometimes result in serious consequences, but often for others, over its run, Beavis and Butt-Head drew a notable amount of both positive and negative reaction from the public with its combination of lewd humor and implied criticism of society. They met Mike Judge before the show aired, in 1997, Dan Tobin of The Boston Phoenix commented on the series humor, stating that it transformed stupidity into a crusade, forcing us to acknowledge how little it really takes to make us laugh. In 1997, Ted Drozdowski of The Boston Phoenix described the 1997 Beavis, in December 2005, TV Guide even ranked the duos distinct laughing at #66 on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catchphrases. In 2012, TV Guide ranked Beavis and Butt-head as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time, I was burying my head in the sand. Early installments gave them a juvenile obsession with fire and dangerous behavior, the show was blamed for the death of a two-year-old in Moraine, Ohio in October 1993. The girls five-year-old brother set fire to his mothers mobile home with a cigarette lighter, because of this, MTV pulled the episode temporarily. The mother took the boys bedroom door off its hinges so she could keep an eye on him and she later claimed that her son watched one of the fire-related segments shortly before he burned down the home. However, neighbors claimed that the family did not have cable television, as a result, references to fire were removed from subsequent airings. The creators found a loophole and took delight in sometimes making Beavis scream things that sounded very similar to his previous Fire. Fire. and also having him almost say the forbidden word (such as one time when he sang Liar, liar, There was also a music video where a man runs on fire in slow motion
3.
Demi Moore
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Demi Gene Guynes, professionally known as Demi Moore, is an American actress, former songwriter, and model. Moore dropped out of school at age 16 to pursue an acting career. After making her debut later that year, she appeared on the soap opera General Hospital and subsequently gained recognition for her work in Blame It on Rio. Her first film to both a critical and commercial hit was About Last Night. Which established her as a Hollywood star, in 1990, Moore starred in Ghost, the highest-grossing film of that year, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination. She had a string of additional successes in the early 1990s, including A Few Good Men, Indecent Proposal. In 1996, Moore became the actress in film history when she was paid a then-unprecedented fee of $12.5 million to star in Striptease. Her next major role, G. I. Moore was born on November 11,1962 in Roswell and her biological father, Air Force airman Charles Harmon, Sr. left her mother, Virginia, after a two-month marriage, before Moore was born. When Moore was three months old, her mother married Dan Guynes, an advertising salesman who frequently changed jobs, as a result. Moore said in 1991, My dad was Dan Guynes, there is a man who would be considered my biological father who I dont really have a relationship with. Moore learned of him at age 13, when she found her mother and stepfathers marriage certificate, Dan Guynes committed suicide in October 1980 at age 37, two years after he separated from Moores mother. Charles Harmon appeared on Inside Edition in 1995, making an appeal to see his grandchildren, Virginia Guynes had a long record of arrests for crimes, including drunk driving and arson. Moore broke off contact with her in 1990, when Guynes walked away from a rehab stay Moore had paid for at the Hazelden Foundation in Minnesota. Guynes posed nude for the magazine High Society in 1993, where she spoofed Moores Vanity Fair pregnancy and bodypaint covers, Moore and Guynes briefly reconciled shortly before Guynes died of cancer in July 1998 at age 54. Moore was cross-eyed as a child, this was corrected by two operations. She also suffered from kidney dysfunction, at age 15, Moore moved to West Hollywood, California, where her mother worked for a magazine-distribution company. Moore attended Fairfax High School there, and recalled, I moved out of my familys house when I was 16 and left high school in my junior year. In August 1979, three months before her 17th birthday, Moore met musician Freddy Moore who was married and at the leader of the band Boy
4.
Bruce Willis
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Walter Bruce Willis is an American actor, producer, and singer. His career began on the Off-Broadway stage and then in television in the 1980s and he is known for his role of John McClane in the Die Hard series. He has appeared in over 60 films, including Color of Night, Pulp Fiction,12 Monkeys, The Fifth Element, Armageddon, The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Sin City, Red, The Expendables 2, and Looper. Willis married actress Demi Moore in 1987, and they had three daughters, including Rumer, before their divorce in 2000, since 2009, he has been married to model Emma Heming, with whom he has two daughters. Willis was born Walter Bruce Willis on March 19,1955, in the town of Idar-Oberstein and his father, David Willis, was an American soldier. His mother, Marlene, was German, born in Kassel, Willis is the oldest of four children, he has a sister, Florence, and a brother, David. His brother Robert died of cancer in 2001, aged 42. After being discharged from the military in 1957, Williss father took his back to Carneys Point Township. Willis has described himself as having come from a line of blue collar people. His mother worked in a bank and his father was a welder, master mechanic, Willis attended Penns Grove High School in his hometown, where he encountered issues with a stutter. He was nicknamed Buck-Buck by his schoolmates, after high school, Willis took a job as a security guard at the Salem Nuclear Power Plant and transported work crews at the DuPont Chambers Works factory in Deepwater, New Jersey. After working as an investigator, Willis turned to acting. He enrolled in the Drama Program at Montclair State University, where he was cast in the production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Willis left school in his year and moved to New York City. Willis left New York City and headed to California to audition for television shows. In 1984, he appeared in an episode of the TV series Miami Vice, in 1985, he was the guest actor in the first episode of the 1980s revival of The Twilight Zone, Shatterday. He auditioned for the role of David Addison Jr. of the television series Moonlighting, competing against 3,000 other actors for the position, during the height of the shows success, beverage maker Seagram hired Willis as the pitchman for their Golden Wine Cooler products. The advertising campaign paid the rising star between $5–7 million over two years, in spite of that, Willis chose not to renew his contract with the company when he decided to stop drinking alcohol in 1988
5.
Robert Stack
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Robert Stack was an American actor, sportsman, and television host. He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film Written on the Wind, Robert Stack was born Charles Langford Modini Stack in Los Angeles, California, but his first name was changed to Robert by his father. He spent his childhood growing up in Europe. He became fluent in French and Italian at an early age and his parents divorced when he was a year old, and he was raised by his mother, Mary Elizabeth. His father, James Langford Stack, an advertising agency owner, later remarried his mother. He had always spoken of his mother with the greatest respect, when he collaborated with Mark Evans on his autobiography, Straight Shooting, he included a picture of himself and his mother. He captioned it, Me and my best girl and his maternal grandfather, the opera singer Charles Wood, studied voice in Italy and performed there under the name Carlo Modini. On the paternal side of his family, Stack had another opera-singer relative, the American baritone Richard Bonelli, by the time he was 20, Stack had achieved minor fame as a sportsman. He was a polo player and shooter. His brother and he won the International Outboard Motor Championships, in Venice, Italy and he set two world records in skeet shooting and became National Champion. In 1971, he was inducted into the National Skeet Shooting Hall of Fame, Stack took drama courses at Bridgewater State College. His deep voice and good looks attracted producers in Hollywood, when Stack visited the lot of Universal Studios at age 20, producer Joe Pasternak offered him an opportunity to enter the business. Recalled Stack, He said, Howd you like to be in pictures, well make a test with Helen Parrish, a little love scene. Helen Parrish was a beautiful girl, gee, that sounds keen, I told him. Stacks first film, which teamed him with Deanna Durbin, was First Love and he was the first actor to give Durbin an on-screen kiss. Stack won acclaim for his role, The Mortal Storm starring Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart. He played a man who joins the Nazi party. As a youth, Stack mentioned that he had a crush on Carole Lombard and he admitted he was terrified going into this role, but he credited Lombard with giving him many tips on acting and with being his mentor
6.
Cloris Leachman
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Cloris Leachman is an American actress of stage, film, and television. In a career spanning seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards, one Daytime Emmy Award. As Miss Chicago, Leachman competed in the 20th Miss America pageant, in the 2000s, Leachman had a recurring role as grandma Ida on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle, and appeared as a roaster in the Comedy Central Roast of Bob Saget in 2008. She was a contestant on the season of the ABC reality competition series Dancing with the Stars in 2008. She was 82 at the time and is the oldest contestant to have danced on the series, from 2010-14, she starred as Maw Maw on the Fox sitcom Raising Hope. Leachman was born in Des Moines, Iowa, the eldest of three sisters and she attended Theodore Roosevelt High School. Her parents were Berkeley Claiborne Buck Leachman, who worked at the family-owned Leachman Lumber Company, the youngest sister, Mary, was not in show business. Middle sister Claiborne Cary was an actress and singer and her maternal grandmother was of Bohemian descent. As a teenager, Leachman appeared in plays by local youth on weekends at Drake University in Des Moines and she began appearing on television and in films shortly after competing in Miss America in 1946. After winning a scholarship in the Miss America pageant, Leachman studied acting under Elia Kazan at the Actors Studio in New York City and she was cast as a replacement for the role of Nellie Forbush during the original run of Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific. Leachman appeared in live television broadcasts in the 1950s, including such programs as Suspense. She made her film debut as an extra in Carnegie Hall. Leachman was several months pregnant during the filming, and appears in one scene running down a darkened highway wearing only a trench coat, a year later, she appeared opposite Paul Newman and Lee Marvin in The Rack. She appeared with Newman again in a role as a prostitute in Butch Cassidy. She continued to work mainly in television, with appearances in Rawhide, during this period, Leachman appeared opposite John Forsythe on the popular anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents in an episode titled Premonition. She later appeared as Ruth Martin, Timmy Martins adoptive mother, jon Provost, who played Timmy, said, Cloris did not feel particularly challenged by the role. Basically, when she realized that all shed be doing was baking cookies and she was replaced by June Lockhart in 1958. That same year, she appeared in an episode of One Step Beyond titled The Dark Room, in 1960, she played Marilyn Parker, the roommate of Janice Rules character, Elena Nardos, in the Checkmate episode The Mask of Vengeance
7.
MTV Films
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MTV Films is the motion picture production arm of the American cable television channel MTV. Founded in 1996, it has produced films based on MTV programs such as Beavis and Butt-head Do America and Jackass, The Movie, as well as other adaptations and its films are released by fellow Viacom division Paramount Pictures. On August 21,2006, Nickelodeon Movies and MTV Films became full labels of the Paramount Motion Pictures Group and it currently has 40 films with four direct-to-video titles. MTV Films at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
9.
Adult animation
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Adult animation or mature animation is a genre of animation geared towards adults and sometimes also teenagers, acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children. Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons and they may be noted for using risqué themes, graphic violence, profane language, sexuality, or dark humor. Works in this genre may explore philosophical, political, or social issues, some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques. Before the enforcement of the Hays Code, some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience rather than children. Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, the earliest cartoon series were based upon popular comic strips, and were directed at family audiences. The assumed audience of these cartoons, particularly Looney Tunes, has alternated from their initial unspecific audience, to children. One of the earliest animated films was Eveready Harton in Buried Treasure. It has often suggested that the film was produced for a private party in honor of Winsor McCay. Rumors suggest that the film was developed in Cuba years after it was completed, when a print was screened in San Francisco in the late 1970s, the program notes attributed the animation to George Stallings, George Canata, Rudy Zamora, Sr. and Walter Lantz. Until the Hays Code was enforced, many animated shorts featured suggestive content, including sexual innuendo, references to alcohol and drug use, and mild profanity. In the 1933 short Boskos Picture Show, Bosko appears to use the word fuck, although it has also suggested that the character is saying fox. The Betty Boop series was known for its use of jokes that would eventually be considered following the enforcement of the Hays Code. Betty Boop was initially drawn as a dog, and cast as the girlfriend of another Fleischer character, Betty was redesigned as a human, but the series continued to suggest a love relationship between the two that went farther than the normal relationship between humans and their pets. The short Is My Palm Read contains a scene in which Betty is shown as a child between the ages of four and five, bathing in the nude, in the 1970s, this scene was shown out of context in performances by The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo. Concert audiences were not aware that Betty was supposed to be a baby in the sequence, another short, Bamboo Isle, contains a sequence in which Betty dances the hula topless, wearing only a lei over her breasts and a grass skirt. According to animator Shamus Culhane, Fleischer Studios and Paramount Pictures were shocked by the sequence, Culhane also states that he does not remember any instance in which the film was censored. Betty’s hula animation was reused for an appearance with Popeye the Sailor in his self-titled animated debut short. Following the enforcement of the Hays Code, Bettys clothing was redesigned, shorts produced following the enforcement of the Hays Code were also less surreal in nature, and Betty was portrayed as a rational adult
10.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
11.
Beavis
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He is one of the young teenaged protagonists on the MTV animated series Beavis and Butt-Head. He is voiced by the creator, Mike Judge. Beavis has blond hair which he wears in a pompadour style, a pronounced underbite. He is nearly always seen in profile, rather than looking directly at the camera and he is usually seen wearing a Metallica T-shirt, though in merchandising appearances his shirt displays the slogan Death Rock to avoid licensing issues. In the episode Give Blood, he wears a Slayer shirt and he is slightly shorter than his best friend Butt-Head, although he appears to be the same height when viewed at a distance because of his hairstyle. Beavis name was inspired by a friend of Judges from his college days named Bobby Beavis, dan Tobin of The Boston Phoenix described Beavis as the sidekick and follower who developed into more of a loose cannon. Mike Judge once said in an interview that Beavis is a zero when it comes to intelligence, indeed, generally submissive to Butt-Head and willing to tolerate a large amount of physical and verbal abuse, Beavis nonetheless has limits. In Murder Site, Beavis was driven to attack and nearly kill Butt-Head, who called him Butt-knocker. Beavis also stood up to Butt-Head while they were watching the video for Rancids Nihilism, Butt-Head kept talking about it derisively, prompting Beavis to tell Butt-Head to shut up. In another episode, while the duo were watching a Bon Jovi video, after being struck a few times, Beavis kicked Butt-Head in the groin and proclaimed Bon Jovi rules. In spite of his overt idiocy, Beavis possesses a number of character strengths and he can be inadvertently witty and, when discussing subjects that neither he nor Butt-Head understand, he is more likely to guess the actual mechanisms at work. Also, on the occasion that a female exhibits interest in one of the duo. This could be because of Beavis somewhat childlike temperament, which is less off-putting than Butt-Heads crasser, easily influenced by Butt-Head, however, Beavis will often imitate his buddys cruder pick-up lines. Beavis has also instances of insight on such topics as the true meaning of Christmas. However, in both instances Beavis seems to be either in a trance or possessed, and shortly afterward he displays no recollection of what he just said, Beavis has a more volatile, unpredictable nature. His hasty actions usually end in disaster, ranging from being deported to Mexico to severely injuring himself, in some early episodes, Beavis displays signs of being a pyromaniac. Though his obsession with fire remained an obvious trait, as the seasons progressed and network censorship pressures increased, in a deleted scene from the film, Beavis steals the Declaration of Independence to use as toilet paper. Cornholio is an alter ego of Beavis, though the Cornholio character was developed in the episode The Great Cornholio, Beavis first plays the entity as a passing gag in Generation in Crisis
12.
Butt-Head
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Butt-Head is a fictional character from the MTV animated series Beavis and Butt-Head. He is voiced by the creator, Mike Judge. Mike Judge got the name Butt-Head from his university days, when he knew a couple of kids who had the nicknames Iron Butt and Butt-Head. Some of the mispronunciations of Butt-Heads name by adults have been Butthole, Bum-Head, Butter-head, Buttbrain, Head-Butt, Nuthead, Bob-Head, and Butter. Senator Ernest Hollings first used the name Buffcoat on the floor of the U. S. Senate — an incident believed to have inspired incidents of mispronunciation of the characters names. Of the title characters, Butt-Head appears to be the leader of the two and he is calmer, cockier, and marginally more self-aware than Beavis, but is oblivious to subtleties, semi-literate and still significantly less intelligent than the other characters in the show. Regardless, as the leader, he is usually 100% confident in everything he says, dan Tobin of The Boston Phoenix described Butt-head as ringleader, the devious visionary. Butt-Head seems to be the lazier of the two and he never seems to react to things unless they catch his attention, in which case he describes them as cool. Beavis, on the hand, always has some kind of reaction. Butt-Head has an overbite, wears dental braces, and has brown hair. His top gums are often exposed and he speaks nasally with a deep voice and he is usually shown wearing an AC/DC T-shirt. In merchandising appearances, his shirt displays the word Skull, to licensing issues. Though Butt-Head is physically weak to the point of being unable to lift a bar without weights even with help from Beavis, he still seems to win most fights with Beavis. However, the pair were not weak in the first two seasons, in which they are able to overpower on different occasions Stewart, a security guard, Butt-Heads parents are not seen, except for in Beavis and Butt-head Do America. His dad is shown as a former Mötley Crüe roadie voiced by David Letterman, in the movie, Butt-Head and Beavis and their fathers part company before they make the rather obvious connection. The series appears to both title characters living in the same house. The movie Beavis and Butt-Head Do America gives a glimpse of their fathers telling the boys how their mothers got pregnant. Judge calls the two men their dads on the DVD commentary, on many occasions, Butt-Head is depicted as being abusive towards Beavis, usually slapping or insulting him
13.
Scream 2
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Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jamie Kennedy, Laurie Metcalf, Jerry OConnell, Jada Pinkett, the film was released on December 12,1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series. Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks, retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley, like its predecessor, Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and whodunit mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels. The film was followed by two sequels, Scream 3 and Scream 4, Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet, combined with the films rushed schedule, the script was rewritten often, pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming. Despite these issues, Scream 2 earned $172 million, received several awards, the film also received positive reviews, with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality. Elfmans contribution had been written for the film, but Zimmers score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film. The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success, phil is stabbed through the ear in a bathroom stall while trying to eavesdrop on strange whimpering noises. The killer, wearing a Ghostface costume, then returns to the screening, at first the audience believes she is part of the raucous acting out by audience members until she falls dead in front of the cinema screen. Sidney receives prank calls but is oblivious to the recent killings until someone instructs her to watch the news, two other Woodsboro survivors arrive at the campus, officer Dewey Riley to help Sidney, and reporter Gale Weathers to cover the case. Gale tries to stage a confrontation between Sidney and Cotton Weary, who is attempting to gain fame from his exoneration for the murder of Sidneys mother, after Gale forcibly confronts Sidney with Cotton, Sidney angrily hits Gale. Later that evening, Sidney goes to a party with Hallie, at a sorority house, Ghostface kills fellow student Cici. After all the leave, the killer then crashes the party and attempts to murder Sidney. The killer injures Derek but Dewey and the police arrive, causing the killer to flee, the next morning, Gale discusses the case with the police. Upon realizing that Cicis real name is Casey, she concludes that the killer is a copycat who targets students who share the names as the Woodsboro murder victims. That afternoon, while Gale is talking to Dewey and Randy on the campus lawn and they search for him, but Randy, who tries to keep the killer on the phone, is dragged into Gales broadcast van and is stabbed to death by Ghostface. As night falls, Dewey and Gale review the tape of Ghostface killing Randy hoping to some clues but the killer attacks them. In the wake of the murders, as two officers drive Sidney and Hallie to a local police station, the killer ambushes them
14.
Titanic (1997 film)
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Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance-disaster film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Camerons inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks, production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were used to re-create the sinking, the film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox. It was the most expensive film made at time, with an estimated budget of $200 million. Upon its release on December 19,1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success, with an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Camerons 2009 film Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4,2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide and it became the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide. In 2015, Titanic Live, an orchestra version of the film. In 1996, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team aboard the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh search the wreck of RMS Titanic for a necklace with a rare diamond, the Heart of the Ocean. They recover a safe containing a drawing of a woman wearing only the necklace dated April 14,1912. Rose Dawson Calvert, the woman in the drawing, is brought aboard Keldysh, in 1912 Southampton, 17-year-old first-class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater, her fiancé Cal Hockley, and her mother Ruth board the luxurious Titanic. Ruth emphasizes that Roses marriage will resolve their familys financial problems, distraught over the engagement, Rose considers suicide by jumping from the stern, Jack Dawson, a penniless artist, intervenes and discourages her. Discovered with Jack, Rose tells a concerned Cal that she was peering over the edge, when Cal becomes indifferent, she suggests to him that Jack deserves a reward. He invites Jack to dine with them in first class the following night, Jack and Rose develop a tentative friendship, despite Cal and Ruth being wary of him. Following dinner, Rose secretly joins Jack at a party in third class, aware of Cal and Ruths disapproval, Rose rebuffs Jacks advances, but realizes she prefers him over Cal. After rendezvousing on the bow at sunset, Rose takes Jack to her room, at her request, Jack sketches Rose posing nude wearing Cals engagement present. They evade Cals bodyguard and have sex in an automobile inside the cargo hold, on the forward deck, they witness a collision with an iceberg and overhear the officers and designer discussing its seriousness
15.
Las Vegas Valley
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The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area located in the southern part of the U. S. state of Nevada. The largest urban agglomeration in the state, it is the heart of the Las Vegas–Paradise-Henderson, the Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a 600 sq mi basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area. The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada, Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas, six unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada. Since the 1990s the Las Vegas Valley has seen exponential growth, in 2014, a record breaking 41 million visited the Las Vegas area, producing a gross metropolitan product of more than $100 billion. The first reported non-Native American visitor to the Las Vegas Valley was the Mexican scout Rafael Rivera in 1829. Las Vegas was named by Mexicans in the Antonio Armijo party, including Rivera, in the 19th century, areas of the valley contained artesian wells that supported extensive green areas, or meadows, hence the name Las Vegas. The area was settled by Mormon farmers in 1854 and later became the site of a United States Army fort in 1864. Since the 1930s, Las Vegas has generally been identified as a center as well as a resort destination. Nellis Air Force Base is located in the northeast corner of the valley, the ranges that the Nellis pilots use and various other land areas used by various federal agencies, limit growth of the valley in terms of geographic area. Businessman Howard Hughes arrived in the late 1960s and purchased many casino hotels, as well as television, legitimate corporations began to purchase casino hotels as well, and the mob was run out by the federal government over the next several years. The constant stream of tourist dollars from the hotels and casinos was augmented by a new source of money from the establishment of what is now Nellis Air Force Base. The influx of personnel and casino job-hunters helped start a land building boom which is now leveling off. The Las Vegas area remains one of the top entertainment destinations. The valley is contained in the Las Vegas Valley landform and this includes the cities of Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, and Henderson, and the unincorporated towns of Paradise, Spring Valley, Sunrise Manor, Enterprise, Winchester, and Whitney. The valley is located within the larger metropolitan area, as the metropolitan area covers all of Clark County -including parts that do not fall within the valley. The government of Clark County has an Urban Planning Area of Las Vegas and this definition is a roughly rectangular area, about 20 mi from east to west and 30 miles from north to south. Notable exclusions from the Urban Planning Area include Red Rock, Blue Diamond, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department is the largest police department in the valley and the state and exercises jurisdiction in the entire county. The department does not exercise jurisdiction in areas with separate police forces such as North Las Vegas, Henderson, Boulder City, Nellis Air Force Base
16.
Casino
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A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry, casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions. There is much debate whether or not the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated. Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as comedy, concerts. The term casino is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators, Casino is of Italian origin, the root casa originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club. In modern-day Italian, the term designates a bordello, while the gambling house is spelled casinò with an accent. Not all casinos were used for gaming, the Copenhagen Casino was a theatre, known for the mass public meetings often held in its hall during the 1848 Revolution, which made Denmark a constitutional monarchy. Until 1937, it was a well-known Danish theatre, the Hanko Casino in Hanko, Finland—one of that towns most conspicuous landmarks—was never used for gambling. Rather, it was a hall for the Russian nobility which frequented this spa resort in the late 19th century and is now used as a restaurant. In military and non-military usage in German and Spanish, a casino or kasino is an officers mess, in Italian—the source-language of the word—a casino is either a brothel, a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is called a casinò. The precise origin of gambling is unknown and it is generally believed that gambling in some form or another has been seen in almost every society in history. From the Ancient Greeks and Romans to Napoleons France and Elizabethan England and it was closed in 1774 as the city government felt it was impoverishing the local gentry. In American history, early gambling establishments were known as saloons, the creation and importance of saloons was greatly influenced by four major cities, New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San Francisco. It was in the saloons that travelers could find people to talk to, drink with, during the early 20th century in America, gambling became outlawed and banned by state legislation and social reformers of the time. However, in 1931, gambling was legalized throughout the state of Nevada, Americas first legalized casinos were set up in those places. In 1976 New Jersey allowed gambling in Atlantic City, now Americas second largest gambling city, most jurisdictions worldwide have a minimum gambling age. Customers gamble by playing games of chance, in cases with an element of skill, such as craps, roulette, baccarat, blackjack. Most games played have mathematically determined odds that ensure the house has at all times an overall advantage over the players and this can be expressed more precisely by the notion of expected value, which is uniformly negative
17.
Biological agent
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In addition to these living and/or replicating pathogens, biological toxins are also included among the bio-agents. More than 1,200 different kinds of potentially weaponizable bio-agents have been described and studied to date, Biological agents have the ability to adversely affect human health in a variety of ways, ranging from relatively mild allergic reactions to serious medical conditions, including death. Many of these organisms are ubiquitous in the environment where they are found in water, soil, plants. Bio-agents may be amenable to weaponization to render them easier to deploy or disseminate, genetic modification may enhance their incapacitating or lethal properties, or render them imprevious to conventional treatments or preventives. Since many bio-agents reproduce rapidly and require minimal resources for propagation, the Biological Weapons Convention is an international treaty banning the use or stockpiling of bio-agents, as of February 2015 there were 171 state signatories. Bio-agents are, however, widely studied for defensive purposes under various biosafety levels, in 2008, according to a U. S. The former US biological warfare program categorized its weaponized anti-personnel bio-agents as either Lethal Agents or Incapacitating Agents, since 1997, United States law has declared a list of bio-agents designated by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services or the U. S. Select agents are divided into HHS select agents and toxins, USDA select agents and toxins and Overlap select agents, centers for Disease Control and Prevention breaks biological agents into three categories, Category A, Category B, and Category C. Category A agents pose the greatest threat to the U. S, Category A agents include anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. The following pathogens and toxins were weaponized by one nation or another at some time, NATO abbreviations are included where applicable. Additionally, the Soviet Union is known to have weaponized Marburg virus in the 1970s and 80s, simulants are organisms or substances which mimic physical or biological properties of real biological agents, without being pathogenic. They are used to study the efficiency of various dissemination techniques or the risks caused by the use of agents in bioterrorism. The typical size of simulants enables it to buildings with closed windows and doors. This bears a sigificant health risk, even if the agent is normally not pathogenic
18.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
19.
United States Capitol
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The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building or Capitol Hill, is the home of the United States Congress, and the seat of the legislative branch of the U. S. federal government. It sits atop Capitol Hill at the end of the National Mall in Washington. Though not at the center of the Federal District, the Capitol forms the origin point for the Districts street-numbering system. The original building was completed in 1800 and was subsequently expanded, like the principal buildings of the executive and judicial branches, the Capitol is built in a distinctive neoclassical style and has a white exterior. Both its east and west elevations are referred to as fronts, though only the east front was intended for the reception of visitors. In 2014, scaffolding was erected around the dome for a project scheduled to be completed by early 2017. All exterior scaffolding was removed by the end of summer 2016, prior to establishing the nations capital in Washington, D. C. the United States Congress and its predecessors had met in Philadelphia, New York City, and a number of other locations. In September 1774, the First Continental Congress brought together delegates from the colonies in Philadelphia, followed by the Second Continental Congress, Congress requested that John Dickinson, the Governor of Pennsylvania, call up the militia to defend Congress from attacks by the protesters. In what became known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, Dickinson sympathized with the protesters and refused to remove them from Philadelphia. As a result, Congress was forced to flee to Princeton, New Jersey, on June 21,1783, and met in Annapolis, Maryland, the United States Congress was established upon ratification of the United States Constitution and formally began on March 4,1789. New York City remained home to Congress until July 1790, when the Residence Act was passed to pave the way for a permanent capital. As part of the legislation, Philadelphia was chosen as a capital for ten years, until the nations capital in Washington. Pierre Charles LEnfant was given the task of creating the city plan for the new capital city, in reviewing LEnfants plan, Thomas Jefferson insisted the legislative building be called the Capitol rather than Congress House. The word Capitol comes from Latin and is associated with the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Capitoline Hill, the connection between the two is not, however, crystal clear. In spring 1792, United States Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson proposed a competition to solicit designs for the Capitol and the Presidents House. The prize for the competition was $500 and a lot in the Federal City, the most promising of the submissions was by Stephen Hallet, a trained French architect. However, Hallets designs were overly fancy, with too much French influence, a late entry by amateur architect William Thornton was submitted on January 31,1793, to much praise for its Grandeur, Simplicity, and Beauty by Washington, along with praise from Thomas Jefferson. Thornton was inspired by the east front of the Louvre, as well as the Paris Pantheon for the portion of the design
20.
Body cavity search
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Body cavities used for concealment include nostrils, ears, mouth, navel, penis or vagina, and rectum. Often the procedure is repeated when the leaves the institution. Items can be concealed in a number of body cavities, for example, objects may be concealed by inserting them into the rectum. Illegal drugs can be placed in condoms and temporarily stored in the colon, cylinders such as cigar tubes are used to hide money, intravenous syringes, and knives. Duplicate handcuff keys can be concealed in body orifices. These goods are considered valuable inside a prison and can pose a security risk to staff, in a thorough visual body cavity search, a flashlight is used to illuminate body orifices, including nostrils, ears, mouth, navel, penis or vagina, and rectum. Generally, the detainee is required to manipulate these body parts so that they can be examined, squatting is sometimes demanded during visual searches, and prolonged holding of a squat can be demanded, squats are sometimes demanded over a mirror. The person may be asked to “squat and cough, ” with the aim of dislodging an object stored in the rectum or vagina, during manual body cavity searches, body orifices are probed using fingers or the entire hand. The circumstance in which these inspections may be done is often restricted, for example, they are done on individuals refusing to offer to consent to a visual body cavity search or in situations where there is strong evidence to suspect the presence of contraband. The cavity search has proven ineffective in the prevention of smuggling objects as it cannot detect objects in the intestines or stomach. It has become normal for authorities to isolate individuals in a monitored environment until they pass excreta and/or to x-ray the individual as it is less invasive and psychologically damaging. Some inmates and human rights activists argue that body cavity searches are not so much to stop the flow of contraband but rather to harass. A visual inspection of the rectum will not reveal objects concealed deeply inside, likewise, it is possible to circumvent detection during manual body cavity searches. In some instances, suspects swallow packages of drugs protected by condoms, only diagnostic imaging will reveal the concealed contraband. Because these searches are highly invasive and greatly compromise an individual’s right of privacy, in the United States, Bell v. Wolfish is the benchmark case on this issue. In its judgment of the case, the U. S. Supreme Court established a standard of reasonable grounds for performing cavity searches, among these are security concerns at prisons. Law enforcement officers are not allowed to conduct cavity searches or strip searches in Pakistan, any officer who conducts a cavity search or strip search can be sentenced up to 4 years in prison and given a Rs.7500 fine. The body cavity search is used as a joke in comedies such as the movie Beavis and Butt-head Do America
21.
Hoover Dam
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Hoover Dam, once known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U. S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30,1935 and its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. The dam was named after President Herbert Hoover. In 1928, Congress authorized the project, the winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc. which began construction on the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never built before. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties, nevertheless, Six Companies turned over the dam to the federal government on March 1,1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume, the dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about 30 mi southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dams generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction, nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily-traveled U. S. Route 93 ran along the dams crest until October 2010, as the United States developed the Southwest, the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water. Though water from the Imperial Canal allowed for the settlement of the valley. Even after the waterway was stabilized, it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border, as the technology of electric power transmission improved, the Lower Colorado was considered for its hydroelectric-power potential. In 1902, the Edison Electric Company of Los Angeles surveyed the river in the hope of building a 40-foot rock dam which could generate 10,000 horsepower. However, at the time, the limit of transmission of power was 80 miles. Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapse—including an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam. In the following years, the Bureau of Reclamation, known as the Reclamation Service at the time, Service chief Arthur Powell Davis proposed using dynamite to collapse the walls of Boulder Canyon,20 miles north of the eventual dam site, into the river. The river would carry off the pieces of debris. In 1922, the Reclamation Service presented a report calling for the development of a dam on the Colorado River for flood control, the report was principally authored by Davis, and was called the Fall-Davis report after Interior Secretary Albert Fall. The Fall-Davis report cited use of the Colorado River as a concern, because the rivers basin covered several states
22.
Grand Canyon
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The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the U. S. state of Arizona in North America. President Theodore Roosevelt was a proponent of preservation of the Grand Canyon area. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. For thousands of years, the area has been inhabited by Native Americans. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, the first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540. It is not the deepest canyon in the world, however, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically, it is significant because of the sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much of the geologic history of the North American continent. Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward, the higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area, but not enough to change the Grand Canyon area from being semi-arid. The uplift of the Colorado Plateau is uneven, and the Kaibab Plateau that Grand Canyon bisects is over a one thousand feet higher at the North Rim than at the South Rim. Almost all runoff from the North Rim flows toward the Grand Canyon, the result is deeper and longer tributary washes and canyons on the north side and shorter and steeper side canyons on the south side. Temperatures on the North Rim are generally lower than those on the South Rim because of the greater elevation, heavy rains are common on both rims during the summer months. Access to the North Rim via the route leading to the canyon is limited during the winter season due to road closures. The Grand Canyon is part of the Colorado River basin which has developed over the past 40 million years, a recent study places the origins of the canyon beginning about 17 million years ago. Previous estimates had placed the age of the canyon at 5–6 million years, the study, which was published in the journal Science in 2008, used uranium-lead dating to analyze calcite deposits found on the walls of nine caves throughout the canyon. There is an amount of controversy because this research suggests such a substantial departure from prior widely supported scientific consensus. In December 2012, a study published in the journal Science claimed new tests had suggested the Grand Canyon could be as old as 70 million years, the canyon is the result of erosion which exposes one of the most complete geologic columns on the planet. The major geologic exposures in the Grand Canyon range in age from the 2-billion-year-old Vishnu Schist at the bottom of the Inner Gorge to the 230-million-year-old Kaibab Limestone on the Rim
23.
Yellowstone National Park
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Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the U. S. states of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. It was established by the U. S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1,1872. Yellowstone was the first National Park in the U. S. and is widely held to be the first national park in the world. The park is known for its wildlife and its many features, especially Old Faithful Geyser. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant and it is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years, aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. Management and control of the park fell under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior. However, the U. S. Army was subsequently commissioned to oversee management of Yellowstone for a 30-year period between 1886 and 1916, in 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 square miles, comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the caldera is considered an active volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million years, half of the worlds geothermal features are in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava flows and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly-intact ecosystem in the Earths northern temperate zone, hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous location in the Continental United States. Grizzly bears, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in the park, the Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States. Forest fires occur in the each year, in the large forest fires of 1988. Yellowstone has numerous opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing and sightseeing
24.
Petrified Forest National Park
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Petrified Forest National Park is a United States national park in Navajo and Apache counties in northeastern Arizona. Named for its deposits of petrified wood, the fee area of the park covers about 230 square miles, encompassing semi-desert shrub steppe as well as highly eroded. The site, the part of which extends into the Painted Desert, was declared a national monument in 1906. The park received 643,274 recreational visitors in 2016, representing a decrease of 19% from the prior year, typical visitor activities include sightseeing, photography, hiking, and backpacking. Averaging about 5,400 feet in elevation, the park has a dry climate with temperatures that vary from summer highs of about 100 °F to winter lows well below freezing. More than 400 species of plants, dominated by such as bunchgrass, blue grama. About half of the park is designated wilderness, the Petrified Forest is known for its fossils, especially fallen trees that lived in the Late Triassic Period, about 225 million years ago. The sediments containing the logs are part of the widespread and colorful Chinle Formation. Beginning about 60 million years ago, the Colorado Plateau, of which the park is part, was pushed upward by tectonic forces and exposed to increased erosion. All of the rock layers above the Chinle, except geologically recent ones found in parts of the park, have been removed by wind. Paleontologists have been unearthing and studying the parks fossils since the early 20th century, the parks earliest human inhabitants arrived at least 8,000 years ago. By about 2,000 years ago, they were growing corn in the area, later inhabitants built above-ground dwellings called pueblos. Although a changing climate caused the last of the parks pueblos to be abandoned by about 1400 CE, more than 600 archeological sites, including petroglyphs, have been discovered in the park. Later, roads and a railway followed similar routes and gave rise to tourism and, before the park was protected, theft of petrified wood remains a problem in the 21st century. Petrified Forest National Park straddles the border between Apache County and Navajo County in northeastern Arizona, I-40, former U. S. Route 66, the BNSF Railway, and the Puerco River bisect the park generally east–west along a similar route. Adamana, a ghost town, is about 1 mile west of the park along the BNSF tracks, Holbrook, about 26 miles west of park headquarters along I-40, is the nearest city. Bisecting the park north–south is Park Road, which runs between I-40 near park headquarters on the north and U. S. Route 180 on the south, Historic Highway 180, an earlier alignment of the modern route, crosses the southern edge of the park. Like Route 66, it has deteriorated and is closed, many unpaved maintenance roads, closed to the public, intersect Park Road at various points
25.
Peyote
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Lophophora williamsii /loʊˈfɒfərə wɪlˈjæmsiaɪ/ or peyote is a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. The English common name comes from the like-spelled Spanish name. Other sources translate the Nahuatl word as Divine Messenger, Native North Americans are likely to have used peyote, often for spiritual purposes, for at least 5,500 years. Peyote is native to Mexico and southwestern Texas and it is found primarily in the Chihuahuan Desert and in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí among scrub, especially where there is limestone. Peyote has a history of ritualistic and medicinal use by indigenous Americans. It flowers from March through May, and sometimes as late as September, the flowers are pink, with thigmotactic anthers. The various species of the genus Lophophora grow low to the ground and they form groups with numerous. The blue-green, yellow-green or sometimes reddish green shoots are mostly flattened spheres with sunken shoot tips and they can reach heights of from 2 to 7 centimeters and diameters of 4 to 12 centimeters. There are often significant, vertical ribs consisting of low and rounded or hump-like bumps, from the cusp areoles arises a tuft of soft, yellowish or whitish woolly hairs. Flowers are pink or white to yellowish, sometimes reddish. They open during the day, are from 1 to 2.4 centimeters long, the cactus produces flowers sporadically, these are followed by small edible pink fruit. The club-shaped to elongated, fleshy fruits are bare and more or less rosy colored, at maturity, they are brownish-white and dry. The fruits do not burst open on their own and they are between 1.5 and 2 centimeters long and they contain black, pear-shaped seeds that are 1 to 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide. The seeds require hot and humid conditions to germinate, Peyote contains a large spectrum of phenethylamine alkaloids. The mescaline content of Lophophora williamsii is about 0. 4% fresh, cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, sometimes taking less than three years to go from seedling to mature flowering adult. More rapid growth can be achieved by grafting peyote onto mature San Pedro root stock, the top of the cactus that grows above ground, also referred to as the crown, consists of disc-shaped buttons that are cut above the roots and sometimes dried. When done properly, the top of the root will form a callus, when poor harvesting techniques are used, however, the entire plant dies. Currently in South Texas, peyote grows naturally but has been over-harvested, the buttons are generally chewed, or boiled in water to produce a psychoactive tea
26.
Interstate 81 in Virginia
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Interstate 81 is an 855-mile long highway. In the U. S. state of Virginia, I-81 runs for 324.92 miles and it is also the longest Interstate highway within the borders of Virginia. It stretches from the Tennessee state line near Bristol to the West Virginia state line near Winchester, Interstate 81 enters Bristol, Virginia from Tennessee and runs primarily along the mountains of western Virginia. For most of its length, I-81 parallels U. S. Route 11, I-81 runs concurrently with Interstate 77 in Wytheville, Virginia for about 10 miles in a notable example of a wrong-way concurrency, both I-81 south and I-77 north share the same roadbed there. Further north, the highway runs concurrently with several miles of Interstate 64. The state has proposed to widen its entire portion of I-81 to a minimum of three or four lanes in each direction to accommodate increased traffic and to toll non-passenger vehicles. Some sections of the new Virginia I-81 may completely separate car, between exits 315 and 317 the state has proposed to widen it to 4 lanes for this 2 mile portion in Winchester, Virginia. org I-81 Corridor in Virginia by VDOT
27.
Pileup
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A multiple vehicle collision is a road traffic accident involving many vehicles. Generally occurring on high-capacity and high-speed routes such as freeways, they are one of the deadliest forms of traffic accidents, the most disastrous pile-ups have involved more than a hundred vehicles. Pile-ups generally occur in low-visibility conditions as drivers on freeways are sometimes caught out by driving too close to the vehicle in front and not adjusting to the road conditions. Chain-reaction crashes can also occur in conditions of visibility, when black ice or other road hazards are encountered unexpectedly as drivers round a curve or crest a hill. Another possibility is a vehicle is simply too close to the initial collision to avoid hitting one or both of the vehicles. Due to the high speeds on the road, if one car develops a problem and suddenly halts. Determining the cause of accidents is difficult for investigators and it is often impossible to tell if negligence caused the crash. In spite of their frequency, little research has been done in the United States regarding their cause or causes. Multiple-vehicle collisions are particularly deadly as the mass of crumpled vehicles makes escape for survivors difficult, even if survivors are able to exit their vehicles, other cars may strike them. Collisions after the collision may occur from the side of the vehicle. A fire in one part of the accident can quickly spread via spilled gasoline, multiple-vehicle collisions can also overwhelm local firefighting, ambulance, and police services making speedy rescues more difficult. If the accident takes place in an area, getting medical help to the scene can be a daunting task. The destruction and intense heat of fires can also damage roadways, the structural steel of bridges and overpasses can also be weakened by the heat. A fiery pileup inside a tunnel is the most serious, as there is little means to escape the poisonous fumes, the large scale of these accidents can close important highway routes for several days, or even longer if highway support structures are damaged. Multiple vehicle collisions can occur in the courses used in motorsports as well. Reporters and fans apply subjective guidelines as to what needs to be crossed before a simple on-track incident can be described as such. NASCAR fans, for example, talk about the Big One, where many cars can be or are involved in a wreck while running close together
28.
White House
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The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D. C. It has been the residence of every U. S. president since John Adams in 1800, the term White House is often used to refer to actions of the president and his advisers, as in The White House announced that. The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the Neoclassical style, construction took place between 1792 and 1800 using Aquia Creek sandstone painted white. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he added low colonnades on each wing that concealed stables and storage. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior, reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semi-circular South portico in 1824, because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, in the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as an area for social events. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space, by 1948, the houses load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the rooms were completely dismantled. Once this work was completed, the rooms were rebuilt. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories—the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, the property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the Presidents Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of Americas Favorite Architecture, in May 1790, New York began construction of Government House for his official residence, but he never occupied it. The national capital moved to Philadelphia in December 1790, the July 1790 Residence Act named Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the Federal City was under construction. The City of Philadelphia rented Robert Morriss city house at 190 High Street for Washingtons presidential residence, the first president occupied the Market Street mansion from November 1790 to March 1797, and altered it in ways that may have influenced the design of the White House. As part of an effort to have Philadelphia named the permanent national capital, Pennsylvania built a much grander presidential mansion several blocks away. President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800, on Saturday, November 1,1800, he became the first president to occupy the White House. The Presidents House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, the Presidents House was a major feature of Pierre Charles LEnfants plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D. C
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Oval Office
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The Oval Office is the official office of the President of the United States. It is located in the West Wing of the White House Complex, the room features three large south-facing windows behind the presidents desk, and a fireplace at the north end. Presidents generally decorate the office to suit their taste, choosing new furniture, new drapery. Artwork is selected from the White Houses own collection, or borrowed from museums for the term in office. The Oval Office has become associated in Americans minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young John F. Kennedy, several presidents have addressed the nation from the Oval Office on occasion. George Washington never occupied the White House and he spent most of his presidency in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which served as the temporary national capital for 10 years, 1790–1800, while Washington, D. C. was under construction. In 1790, Washington built a large, two-story, semi-circular addition to the rear of the Presidents House in Philadelphia, Washington received his guests, standing between the windows in his back drawing-room. The company, entering a front room and passing through a door, made their salutations to the President. The apsidal end of a room was a site of honor, for a host. President John Adams occupied the Philadelphia mansion beginning in 1797, curved foundations of Washingtons Bow Window were uncovered during a 2007 archaeological excavation of the Presidents House site. Architect James Hoban visited President Washington in Philadelphia in June 1792, the following month, he was named winner of the design competition for The White House. The elliptic salon at the center of the White House was the feature of Hobans original plan. An oval interior space was a Baroque concept that was adapted by Neoclassicism, Oval rooms became popular in eighteenth century neoclassical architecture. In November 1800, John Adams became the first President to occupy the White House, during the 19th century, a number of presidents used the White Houses second-floor Yellow Oval Room as a private office or library. The one-story Executive Office Building was intended to be a temporary structure, Building it to the west of the White House allowed the removal of a vast, dilapidated set of pre-Civil War greenhouses that had been constructed by President James Buchanan. Roosevelt moved the offices of the branch to the newly constructed wing in 1902. His workspace was a suite of Executive Office and Cabinet Room. The furniture, including the desk, was designed by architect Charles Follen McKim and executed by A. H. Davenport and Company
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DEFCON
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The DEFense readiness CONdition is an alert state used by the United States Armed Forces. The DEFCON system was developed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and it prescribes five graduated levels of readiness for the U. S. military. It increases in severity from DEFCON5 to DEFCON1 to match varying military situations, DEFCONs are a subsystem of a series of Alert Conditions, or LERTCONs, which also include Emergency Conditions. The DEFCON level is controlled primarily by the U. S. President, Armed Forces and different bases or command groups can be activated at different defense conditions. In general, there is no single DEFCON status for the world or country, according to Air & Space/Smithsonian, as of 2014, the worldwide DEFCON level has never risen higher than DEFCON3. The DEFCON2 levels in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis and 1991 Gulf War were not worldwide and this is to preclude the possibility of confusing exercise commands with actual operational commands. g. The Maximum Readiness level had two conditions Air Defense Readiness and Air Defense Emergency, in October 1959, the JCS Chairman informed NORAD that Canada and the U. S. had signed an agreement on increasing the operational readiness of NORAD forces during periods of international tension. After the agreement became effective on 2 October 1959, the JCS defined a system with DEFCONs in November 1959 for the military commands, during the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 22,1962, the U. S. Armed Forces were ordered to DEFCON3, on October 24, Strategic Air Command was ordered to DEFCON2, while the rest of the U. S. Armed Forces remained at DEFCON3, SAC remained at DEFCON2 until November 15. On January 15,1991, the Joint Chiefs of Staff declared DEFCON2 in the phase of Operation Desert Storm during the Gulf War. On October 6,1973, Egypt and Syria launched a joint attack on Israel resulting in the Yom Kippur War, soviet troops never landed, though the ship supposedly transporting nuclear weapons did arrive in Egypt. Further details are unavailable and may remain classified, over the following days, the various forces reverted to normal status with the Sixth Fleet standing down on November 17. During the attacks of September 11,2001, the U. S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld ordered the increased DEFCON level to 3, and also a stand-by for a possible increase to DEFCON2. The television series Deutschland 83 depicts the events occurred in 1983 when the level was raised to a simulated DEFCON1 during NATO exercise Able Archer 83. The 2006 real-time strategy video game DEFCON, surf punk band Man or Astroman released an album in 2013 titled Defcon 5.4.3.2.1 featuring songs titled for every level of the Defcon system. British Indie band Pop Will Eat Itself released a song titled Def
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Chelsea Clinton
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Chelsea Victoria Clinton is the only child of former U. S. President Bill Clinton and former U. S. Secretary of State and 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. She was a correspondent for NBC News from 2011 to 2014. Since 2011, she has taken on a prominent role at the foundation and has a seat on its board, Clinton was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, during her fathers first term as governor. She attended public schools there until he was elected President and the moved to the White House. Clinton married investment banker Marc Mezvinsky in 2010 and they have a daughter and a son. Clinton was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, on February 27,1980, Chelseas name was inspired by a visit to the Chelsea neighborhood of London during a Christmas 1978 vacation. Hillary said that hearing the 1969 Judy Collins recording of the Joni Mitchell song, Chelsea Morning, Bill remarked. When Chelsea was two old, she accompanied her parents as they campaigned throughout Arkansas for her fathers gubernatorial race. She attended Forest Park Elementary School, Booker Arts and Science Magnet Elementary School and Horace Mann Junior High School, both Little Rock public schools. On January 20,1993, the day of her fathers first inauguration, the Clintons wanted their daughter to have a normal childhood, and they hoped to shield her from the media spotlight. Journalists debated the issue of allowing Clinton to retain her privacy, most media outlets concluded that she should be off-limits due to her age, although Rush Limbaugh and Saturday Night Live both broadcast material mocking her appearance. During this phase of her life, her father said, We really work hard on making sure that Chelsea doesnt let other people define her sense of her own self-worth and its tough when you are an adolescent. The Clintons decision to remove Chelsea from public schooling and send her to Sidwell Friends School, while several children of sitting presidents have attended Sidwell, the most recent prior child, Amy Carter, had gone to D. C. public schools. In a 1993 CBS This Morning town meeting, Bill defended the choice, stating that Chelsea did not like getting a lot of publicity, Bill explained that they made their decision in an effort to protect Chelseas privacy, they did not reject the public schools. Sidwells students and staff remained silent regarding Chelsea, declining to discuss her publicly, a veteran of Model United Nations, Clinton was a 1997 National Merit Scholarship semifinalist. She graduated from Sidwell Friends in 1997, her father spoke at the graduation ceremony, following Chelseas high school graduation, media speculation regarding her choice of college resulted in heavy press coverage. She ultimately chose to attend Stanford University, during her fathers eight years in office, there were 32 stories in The New York Times and 87 network news stories about Chelsea. Of all presidential children preceding her, she received the most television coverage, although her father is a Southern Baptist, Clinton was raised in her mothers Methodist faith
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President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
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Bill Clinton
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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
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Richard Linklater
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Richard Stuart Linklater is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Linklater is mostly known for his realistic and natural humanist films which mainly revolve around suburban culture, in 2002 he began filming Boyhood, a passion project which took over twelve years to finish. The film was premiered in 2014 to critical acclaim, Linklater won the Golden Globe, Critics Choice Movie Awards and BAFTAs for Best Director and Best Picture. He also received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, along with nominations for Original Screenplay, in 2015, Time magazine named Linklater one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list. Many of his films are noted for their loosely structured narrative, films and Boyhood – feature the same actors filmed over an extended period of years. He is also known for loyalty to his actors, having worked with Ethan Hawke, Linklater was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Diane Margaret, who taught at Sam Houston State University, and Charles W. Linklater, III. He attended Huntsville High School in Huntsville, Texas, during grades 9-11, as a teen, Linklater also won a Scholastic Art and Writing Award. Linklater studied at Sam Houston State University, until dropping out to work on an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. He frequently read novels on the rig and, upon returning to land, at this point, Linklater realized he wanted to be a filmmaker. He used his savings to buy a Super-8 camera, a projector, and editing equipment and he was influenced by Martin Scorsese Robert Bresson, Yasujirō Ozu, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Josef Von Sternberg, and Carl Theodor Dreyer. He enrolled in Austin Community College in the fall of 1984 to study film, since his early 20s, Linklater has been a vegetarian. In 2015, he explained the dietary lifestyle in a Boyhood-style documentary for PETA, Linklater founded the Austin Film Society in 1985 together with his frequent collaborator Lee Daniel. One of the mentors for the Film Society was former New York City critic for the Soho Weekly News George Morris who had relocated to Austin, Morris had previously written articles on Leo McCarey, Vincente Minnelli, George Sidney, and Douglas Sirk. For several years, Linklater made many films that were exercises. He finally completed his first feature, the rarely seen Its Impossible to Learn to Plow by Reading Books, the film is significant in the sense that it establishes most of Linklaters preoccupations. The film has his trademark style of camera movements and lack of narrative. These idiosyncrasies would be explored in detail in future projects. To this end Linklater created Detour Filmproduction, and subsequently made Slacker for only $23,000 and it went on to gross more than $1.25 million
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Greg Kinnear
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Gregory Buck Greg Kinnear is an American actor and television personality. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in As Good as It Gets, Kinnear was born in Logansport, Indiana, to Suzanne, a homemaker, and Edward Kinnear, a career diplomat who worked for the US State Department. He has two brothers, James and Steven and he grew up a Foreign Service brat, having moved around frequently, from Beirut to Athens. While a student at the American Community Schools in Athens, Kinnear first ventured into the role of talk show host with his radio show School Daze With Greg Kinnear. Returning to the United States for an education, he attended the University of Arizona. While there, he was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, Kinnear hosted a short-lived game show, College Mad House, which was spun off from the kids show Fun House. He became the creator, co-executive producer and host of Best of the Worst, the show was canceled thanks to Rooster Teeths Burnie Burns. In 1991, Kinnear became the first host of Talk Soup, which he hosted until 1995, after his film debut, Blankman, Kinnear won the part of David Larrabee in Sydney Pollacks 1995 remake of Billy Wilders 1954 classic Sabrina. He played the role in the 1996 comedy Dear God. In 1997, he was cast in James L. Brooks comedy-drama, As Good as It Gets and he also starred in, A Smile Like Yours with Lauren Holly, as part of a couple trying to have a baby. His next film was the popular Youve Got Mail, as Kathleens significant other, other films are Mystery Men, Nurse Betty, Loser, The Gift and Someone Like You. Kinnear starred in Auto Focus about the life and murder of actor Bob Crane in 2002, in 2005, he starred in the black comedy The Matador with Pierce Brosnan and voiced Phineas T. Ratchet in the computer-animated film Robots. He also appeared in Fast Food Nation, playing a fast food executive who discovers secrets about his company, in 2008, he starred in Flash of Genius, a docudrama about Robert Kearns who invented the intermittent windshield wiper. His portrayal of then-Major Bruce P. Crandall in 2002s We Were Soldiers brought public attention to Crandalls heroism during the 1965 Battle of Ia Drang, in Baby Mama Kinnear played Rob, a local smoothie shop owner and the romantic interest of Kate. In 2010, he starred as the father of Miley Cyrus character in The Last Song. In 2011, Kinnear starred in the miniseries The Kennedys playing the role as John F. Kennedy. It was originally planned to air on the History Channel, however and it was subsequently picked up by ReelzChannel and then first aired on April 3,2011. Kinnear played a famous novelist in the Josh Boones directorial debut film, Stuck in Love, Kinnear married British glamour model Helen Labdon on May 1,1999
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David Letterman
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David Michael Letterman is an American former television host, comedian, writer, and producer. In total, Letterman hosted 6,028 episodes of Late Night and Late Show, surpassing friend, in 1996 Letterman was ranked 45th on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. Letterman is also a television and film producer and his company, Worldwide Pants, produced his show and formerly produced The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. Worldwide Pants has also produced several prime-time comedies, the most successful of which was Everybody Loves Raymond, several late-night hosts have cited Lettermans influence, including Conan OBrien, Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel and Seth Meyers. Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and his father, Harry Joseph Letterman, was a florist. His mother, Dorothy Marie, a secretary, was an occasional figure on Lettermans show. He lived on the side of Indianapolis, not far from Speedway, Indiana, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 2000, he told an interviewer for Esquire that, while growing up, he admired his fathers ability to tell jokes, Harry Joseph Letterman survived a heart attack at age 36, when David was a young boy. The fear of losing his father was constantly with Letterman as he grew up, the elder Letterman died of a second heart attack at age 57. Letterman attended his hometowns Broad Ripple High School at the time as Marilyn Tucker. According to the Ball State Daily News, he originally had wanted to attend Indiana University and he is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, and he graduated in 1969 from what was then the Department of Radio and Television. A self-described average student, Letterman later endowed a scholarship for what he called C students at Ball State. Though he registered for the draft and passed his physical after graduating from college, Letterman began his broadcasting career as an announcer and newscaster at the colleges student-run radio station—WBST—a 10-watt campus station which now is part of Indiana Public Radio. He was fired for treating classical music with irreverence and he then became involved with the founding of another campus station—WAGO-AM570. And then all of a sudden I saw him doing it, and I thought, Thats really what I want to do. Letterman began his career as a talk show host on WNTS and on Indianapolis television station WLWI as an anchor. He received some attention for his unpredictable behavior, which included congratulating a tropical storm for being upgraded to a hurricane. In 1971 Letterman appeared as a pit reporter for ABC Sports tape-delayed coverage of the Indianapolis 500
37.
Eric Bogosian
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Eric Bogosian is an American actor, playwright, monologuist, novelist and historian. Bogosian, an Armenian-American, was born in Woburn, Massachusetts, the son of Edwina, a hairdresser and instructor, and Henry Bogosian and he attended the University of Chicago before graduating from Oberlin College. Bogosian is an author and actor known for his plays Talk Radio, in recent years he has starred on Broadway in Donald Margulies Time Stands Still, published three novels, and was featured on Law & Order, Criminal Intent as Captain Danny Ross. Between 1980 and 2000, six major solos written and performed by Eric Bogosian were produced Off-Broadway and his first two solos, Men Inside and funHouse were presented at the New York Shakespeare Festival. His third, Drinking in America, was produced by American Place Theater, Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll, Pounding Nails in the Floor with My Forehead and Wake Up and Smell the Coffee were all produced commercially Off-Broadway by Frederick Zollo. In addition to Bogosian’s touring the United States and Europe, the solos have been produced featuring other actors in Argentina, Brazil, Italy, in 2007 a Broadway revival of Talk Radio directed by Robert Falls starred Liev Schreiber. SubUrbia, directed by Robert Falls and produced by Lincoln Center Theater, was adapted to film by Richard Linklater, other titles include Griller, Humpty Dumpty, Red Angel and 1+1. Bogosian’s one-person drama, Notes from Underground has had several productions, Bogosian’s plays Talk Radio and subUrbia were adapted to film as was his solo, Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll. He has starred in films including Talk Radio, Under Siege 2, Dark Territory. In addition he has featured in films by such directors as Woody Allen, Robert Altman, Taylor Hackford, Atom Egoyan. In television, Bogosian is best known for his role as Captain Danny Ross in the series Law & Order. In addition, he has appeared as a guest star on dramas and he portrayed Barney Greenwald, defense attorney, in the TV film The Caine Mutiny Court Martial. He also appeared in the episode His Story on Scrubs as Dr. Coxs therapist, Bogosian is the author of three novels published by Simon & Schuster, Mall, Wasted Beauty, and Perforated Heart. All of his work is in print, published by Theater Communication Group. Bogosian founded the series at The Kitchen. During his charter tenure there, he produced the first concerts in New York City by Bill T. Jones and Arnie Zane, Karole Armitage, in 2006 Bogosian acted as producer on the New York City Ballet’s documentary, Bringing Back Balanchine. Bogosian is a Guggenheim fellow and the recipient of two fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts
