1.
Highland Park, Michigan
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Highland Park is a city in Wayne County in the State of Michigan, within Metro Detroit. The population was 11,776 at the 2010 census, the city is completely surrounded by Detroit except for a small portion that touches the city of Hamtramck, which is also surrounded by Detroit. The area that was to become Highland Park began as a farming community, on a large ridge located at what is now Woodward Avenue and Highland. In 1818, prominent Detroit judge Augustus B. Woodward bought the ridge, the development of the village failed. By 1860, the settlement was given a post office under the name of Whitewood, in 1907, Henry Ford purchased 160 acres just north of Manchester Street between Woodward Avenue and Oakland Street to build an automobile plant. The village of Highland Park was incorporated as a city in 1918 to protect its tax base, including its successful Ford plant, in 1910 Highland Park, then a village, had 4,120 residents. Between 1910 and 1920 during the associated with the automobile industry, Highland Parks population grew to about 46,500. The growth of Highland Park and neighboring Hamtramck broke records for increases of population, in 1925, Chrysler Corporation was founded in Highland Park. It purchased the Brush-Maxwell plant in the city, which would expand to 150 acres. Arthur Lupp of Highland Park founded the Michigan branch of the Black Legion in 1931, it was a vigilante group related to the Ku Klux Klan. The Legion had a similar nativist bent and its members were opposed to immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks, labor organizers, numerous public and business officials of Highland Park, including the chief of police, a mayor, and a city councilman, joined this group. Lupp and others were among a total of 48 men indicted and convicted following the murder of Charles Poole in May 1936, investigations revealed the Legion had been involved in numerous other murders or conspiracies to murder during the previous three years, for which another 37 men were convicted. These convictions ended the reign of the Legion, in 1944, the Davison Freeway was opened as the countrys first modern depressed urban freeway, running through the center of the city. The freeway was reconstructed and widened in 1996 and 1997 to improve its safety. Ford Motor Company wound down operations at its Highland Park plant in the late 1950s, with the loss of industrial jobs, the city suffered many of the same difficulties as Detroit, declines in population and tax base accompanied by an increase in street crime. White flight from the city accelerated after the 1967 Detroit 12th Street Riot, the city population was majority black and impoverished by the 1980s. The move dislocated a total of 6,000 jobs over this period, known as The City of Trees, the town was thickly forested until the 1970s. The spread of Dutch elm disease required many old trees to be cut down, in June 2001, because of the Highland Parks mounting fiscal crisis, an emergency financial manager for the city was appointed under the supervision of the State of Michigan
Highland Park, Michigan
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Highland Park Presbyterian Church
Highland Park, Michigan
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Location in
Wayne County and the state of
Michigan
Highland Park, Michigan
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Highland Park Ford Plant
Highland Park, Michigan
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Soul Harvest Ministries
2.
Michigan
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Michigan /ˈmɪʃᵻɡən/ is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit, Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, the two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, as a result, it is one of the leading U. S. states for recreational boating. Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds, a person in the state is never more than six miles from a natural water source or more than 85 miles from a Great Lakes shoreline. What is now the state of Michigan was first settled by Native American tribes before being colonized by French explorers in the 17th century, the area was organized as part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1800, when western Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory. Eventually, in 1805, the Michigan Territory was formed, which lasted until it was admitted into the Union on January 26,1837, the state of Michigan soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular immigrant destination. Though Michigan has come to develop an economy, it is widely known as the center of the U. S. automotive industry. When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous tribes were Algonquian peoples, which include the Anishinaabe groups of Ojibwe, Odaawaa/Odawa, the three nations co-existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the Council of Three Fires. The Ojibwe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 25,000 and 35,000, were the largest, French voyageurs and coureurs des bois explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what became Michigan were those of Étienne Brûlés expedition in 1622, the first permanent European settlement was founded in 1668 on the site where Père Jacques Marquette established Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan as a base for Catholic missions, missionaries in 1671–75 founded outlying stations at Saint Ignace and Marquette. Jesuit missionaries were received by the areas Indian populations, with relatively few difficulties or hostilities. In 1679, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle built Fort Miami at present-day St. Joseph, in 1691, the French established a trading post and Fort St. Joseph along the St. Joseph River at the present day city of Niles. The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one arpent, cadillacs wife, Marie Thérèse Guyon, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first European women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major fur-trading and shipping post, the Église de Saint-Anne was founded the same year
Michigan
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Père Marquette and the Indians (1869), Wilhelm Lamprecht
Michigan
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Flag
Michigan
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Approximate area of Michigan highlighted in
Guillaume de L'Isle 's 1718 map
Michigan
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Lumbering pines in the late 1800s
3.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
Philadelphia
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From top left, the Philadelphia skyline, a
statue of Benjamin Franklin, the
Liberty Bell, the
Philadelphia Museum of Art,
Philadelphia City Hall, and
Independence Hall
Philadelphia
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An 18th century map of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia
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Penn's Treaty with the Indians by
Benjamin West
Philadelphia
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Benjamin Franklin, 1777
4.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
Pennsylvania
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World's End State Park, Sullivan County
Pennsylvania
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Flag
Pennsylvania
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Autumn in North Branch Township,
Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
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Penn's Treaty with the Indians, by
Edward Hicks
5.
Harlingen, Texas
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Harlingen is a city in Cameron County in the heart of the Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas, United States, about 30 miles from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city covers more than 40 square miles and is the second largest city in Cameron County, as of the 2010 census the city had a population of 64,849, for a growth rate of 12. 5% since the 2000 census. It is the city with the least expensive cost of living in the United States, Hill envisioned the Arroyo Colorado as a commercial waterway. He named the town he founded on the bank after the Frisian city of Harlingen. The towns post office was established that year, the first school opened with fifteen pupils in 1905 near the Hill home, the first residence built in Harlingen. Harlingen incorporated on April 15,1910, when the population totaled 1,126, in 1920 the census listed 1,748. The local economy at first was almost entirely agricultural, major crops were vegetables and cotton. World War II military installations in Harlingen caused a jump in population from 23,000 in 1950 to 41,000 by 1960, Harlingen Army Air Field preceded Harlingen Air Force Base, which closed in 1962. The citys population fell to 33,603 by 1972, then climbed to 40,824 by 1980, local enterprise, focused on the purchase and utilization of the abandoned base and related housing, laid the groundwork for continuing progress through a diversified economy. The estimated population in July 1985 was 49,000, of which about 80 percent was Hispanic, in the late 1980s income from tourism ranked second only to citrus fruit production, with grain and cotton next in order. The addition of wholesale and retail trade, light and medium manufacturing, large-scale construction for multifaceted retirement communities is a new phase of industrial development. The City of Harlingen operates a busy industrial airpark where bombers used to land, at Valley International Airport the Confederate Air Force occupied hangar and apron space until 1991. The first hospital in Harlingen opened in 1923 and consisted of more than two barracks as wings. The Valley Baptist Hospital was built nearby a few years later, the Valley Baptist Hospital has grown into the Valley Baptist Medical Center. The citys outstanding network of health care specialists and facilities parallels the growth of the still-expanding center, also serving regional health needs are the South Texas State Chest Hospital, the State Hospital for Children, and the Rio Grande State Mental Health and Mental Retardation Center. Civic and cultural development in Harlingen has kept pace with the growth of the community, each March Harlingen is the site of the Rio Grande Valley International Music Festival. The city has two newspapers—the Harlingen Press, a paper established in 1951, and the Valley Morning Star. In 1990 the population was 48,735, in 1992 the city was named an All-America City, cited especially for its volunteer spirit and self-help programs
Harlingen, Texas
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A drawing of Lon Hill in 1912
Harlingen, Texas
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Location in the state of
Texas
Harlingen, Texas
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Valley International Airport entrance
6.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
Texas
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Sam Rayburn Reservoir
Texas
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Flag
Texas
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Texas Hill Country
Texas
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Big Bend National Park.
7.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
Rock and roll
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Sign commemorating the role of
Alan Freed and
Cleveland, Ohio in the origins of rock and roll
Rock and roll
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Chuck Berry in 1957
Rock and roll
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Bill Haley and his Comets performing in the 1954 Universal International film Round Up of Rhythm
Rock and roll
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Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for
Jailhouse Rock in 1957
8.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
Country music
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Jimmie Rodgers
Country music
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Vernon Dalhart
Country music
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Roy Acuff
Country music
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Publicity photo of Roy Rogers and Gail Davis, 1948
9.
Rockabilly
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Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered classic rock, some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll. The term rockabilly itself is a portmanteau of rock and hillbilly, other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie woogie, jump blues, and electric blues. An interest in the genre endures even in the 21st century, Rockabilly has left a legacy, spawning a variety of sub-styles and influencing other genres such as punk rock. There was a relationship between blues and country music from the very earliest country recordings in the 1920s. The first nationwide country hit was Wreck of the Old 97, backed with Lonesome Road Blues, during the 1930s and 1940s, two new sounds emerged. Recordings of Willss from the mid 1940s to the early 1950s include two beat jazz rhythms, jazz choruses, and guitar work that preceded early rockabilly recordings, wills is quoted as saying Rock and Roll. Why, man, thats the kind of music weve been playin since 1928. But its just basic rhythm and has gone by a lot of different names in my time and its the same, whether you just follow a drum beat like in Africa or surround it with a lot of instruments. The Maddox Brothers and Rose were at the edge of rockabilly with the slapped bass that Fred Maddox had developed. Maddox said, Youve got to have somethin they can tap their foot, or dance to, after World War II the band shifted into higher gear leaning more toward a whimsical honky-tonk feel, with a heavy, manic bottom end - the slap bass of Fred Maddox. They played hillbilly music but it sounded real hot and they played real loud for that time, too. The Maddoxes were also known for their antics and stuff. I mean it just wasnt us up there pickin and singing, there was something going on all the time. The demonstrative Maddoxes, helped release white bodies from traditional motions of decorum, more and more younger white artists began to behave on stage like the lively Maddoxes. Others believe that they were not only at the leading edge, Bill Monroe is known as the Father of Bluegrass, a specific style of country music. Many of his songs were in form, while others took the form of folk ballads, parlor songs. Bluegrass was a staple of music in the early 1950s
Rockabilly
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Carl Perkins pictured around 1955
Rockabilly
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Bill Haley and His Comets during a TV appearance.
Rockabilly
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Gazzguzzlers use the classic instruments associated with rockabilly: a hollow-body guitar, and upright bass, and a pared-down drum kit.
10.
Double bass
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The double bass, or simply the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. It is an instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than sounding to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff. The double bass is the modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths, rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2. The instruments exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, the double bass is a standard member of the orchestras string section, as well as the concert band, and is featured in concertos, solo and chamber music in Western classical music. The bass is used in a range of genres, such as jazz, 1950s-style blues and rock and roll, rockabilly, psychobilly, traditional country music, bluegrass, tango. The double bass is played either with a bow or by plucking the strings, in orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed. In jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, Classical music uses just the natural sound produced acoustically by the instrument, so does traditional bluegrass. In jazz, blues, and related genres, the bass is typically amplified with an amplifier and speaker, the double bass stands around 180 cm from scroll to endpin. However, other sizes are available, such as a 1⁄2 or 3⁄4 and these sizes do not reflect the size relative to a full size, or 4⁄4 bass, a 1⁄2 bass is not half the size of a bass but is only slightly smaller. It is typically constructed from several types of wood, including maple for the back, spruce for the top and it is uncertain whether the instrument is a descendant of the viola da gamba or of the violin, but it is traditionally aligned with the violin family. While the double bass is nearly identical in construction to other violin family instruments, like other violin and viol-family string instruments, the double bass is played either with a bow or by plucking the strings. In orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed, in jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, except for some solos and also occasional written parts in modern jazz that call for bowing. In classical pedagogy, almost all of the focus is on performing with the bow and producing a good bowed tone, some of these articulations can be combined, for example, the combination of sul ponticello and tremolo can produce eerie, ghostly sounds. Classical bass players do play pizzicato parts in orchestra, but these parts generally require simple notes, vibrato is used to add expression to string playing. In general, very loud, low-register passages are played with little or no vibrato, mid- and higher-register melodies are typically played with more vibrato. The speed and intensity of the vibrato is varied by the performer for an emotional and musical effect, in jazz, rockabilly and other related genres, much or all of the focus is on playing pizzicato. In jazz and jump blues, bassists are required to play extremely rapid pizzicato walking basslines for extended periods, as well, jazz and rockabilly bassists develop virtuoso pizzicato techniques that enable them to play rapid solos that incorporate fast-moving triplet and sixteenth note figures. In jazz and related styles, bassists often add semi-percussive ghost notes into basslines, to add to the rhythmic feel and to add fills to a bassline
Double bass
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Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French-style bow
Double bass
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Jazz bassist Ron Carter pictured playing with his Quartet at "Altes Pfandhaus" in Cologne
Double bass
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Example of a Busetto-shaped double bass: Copy of a Matthias Klotz (1700) by Rumano Solano
Double bass
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Principal parts of the double bass
11.
Decca Records
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Decca Records began as a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Its U. S. label was established in late 1934 by Lewis along with American Deccas first president Jack Kapp and later American Decca president Milton Rackmil. In 1937, as a result of anticipating Nazi aggression leading to World War II, Lewis sold American Decca, the British label was renowned for its development of recording methods, while the American company developed the concept of cast albums in the musical genre. Both wings are now part of the Universal Music Group, which is owned by Vivendi, the US Decca label was the foundation company that evolved into UMG. The name Decca was coined by Wilfred S. Samuel by merging the word Mecca with the initial D of their logo Dulcet or their trademark Dulcephone, Samuel, a linguist, chose Decca as a brand name as it was easy to pronounce in most languages. The name dates back to a gramophone called the Decca Dulcephone patented in 1914 by musical instrument makers Barnett Samuel. That company was renamed the Decca Gramophone Co. Ltd. Within years, Decca Records Ltd. was the second largest record label in the world, Decca bought the UK branch of Brunswick Records and continued to run it under that name. In the 1950s the American Decca studios were located in the Pythian Temple in New York City, in classical music, Decca had a long way to go from its modest beginnings to catch up with the established HMV and Columbia labels. The pre-war classical repertoire on Decca was not extensive, but was select, heinrich Schlusnus made important pre-war lieder recordings for Decca. John Culshaw, who joined Decca in 1946 in a junior post and he revolutionised recording – of opera, in particular. Hitherto, the practice had been to put microphones in front of the performers, Culshaw was determined to make recordings that would be a theatre of the mind, making the listeners experience at home not second best to being in the opera house, but a wholly different experience. To that end he got the singers to move about in the studio as they would onstage, used sound effects and different acoustics. His skill, coupled with Decca engineering, took Decca into the first flight of recording companies and his pioneering recording of Wagners Der Ring des Nibelungen conducted by Georg Solti was a huge artistic and commercial success. In the wake of Deccas lead, artists such as Herbert von Karajan, Joan Sutherland, however, Culshaw was, strictly speaking, not the first to do this. Far from being a mere rendering of the score, the 3-LP album set used sound effects to recreate the production as if the listener were watching a stage performance of the work. Until 1947, American Decca issued British Decca classical music recordings, afterwards, British Decca took over distribution through its new American subsidiary London Records. American Decca actively re-entered the classical music field in 1950 with distribution deals from Deutsche Grammophon, American Decca began issuing its own classical music recordings in 1956 when Israel Horowitz joined Decca to head its classical music operations
Decca Records
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Original 1929 Decca release of Sea Drift by
Delius, first published recording of the work, but deleted by 1936
Decca Records
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Decca Records
12.
London Records
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London Records is a record label in the U. K. that marketed records in the U. S, Canada, and Latin America from 1947 to 1979 before becoming semi-independent. London arose from the split in ownership between the British and American branches of Decca Records, the American branch released British Decca records in the U. S. since it could not use the Decca name there. The label was noted for classical albums made in then state-of-the-art stereophonic sound, by the 1960s more licensing deals had been made with Big Top, Monument, Parrot, Philles, and Hi, and subsidiary labels were London Atlantic, London Dot and London Monument. An unusual feature was the code in the numbering system. From the late 1950s until 1973, the label bore the logo London American Recordings, in America, the label was best known as the American imprint of the pre–1971 recordings of the Rolling Stones. The label also issued some early LPs and singles by Texas-based band ZZ Top. In the late 1970s, London signed deals with Bomp, Records and with Big Sound in Connecticut, U. S. This changed the label in the eyes of many from a backwater into something a little more edgy compared to the pedestrian contemporary releases from parent company Decca, the president of London Records in the 1970s was D. H. Tollerbond. After British Decca was acquired by PolyGram in 1979, London followed an independent course with subsidiary labels such as Slash, Pete Tongs Essential Records. The name is used, mainly for UK-based artists. Notable artists released by that incarnation of London, called London Records 90, include New Order, Happy Mondays, A, after PolyGram took over British Decca, classical-music albums recorded by British Decca continued to be released on the London label in the U. S. S. The London pop music catalogue owned by Universal Music is now managed by Polydor Records, Decca Records had a recording studio in Blomfield Road, West London, there may have been another in Londons West End. In 2010, Universal Music reclaimed ownership of the London Records trademark, both had started their careers at London Records in the Ames era in the 1990s. When Nick Raphael became president of Capitol Recordss UK division in 2013, London Records moved there, Arlissa All Saints Arlissa Dear Prudence The Gypsy Queens List of record labels The London Records Story from BSN Pubs Discographies London Records A&R team contact list
London Records
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1965 London Records trade ad for the Rolling Stones
London Records
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Gramophone record era London logo
13.
Brunswick Records
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Brunswick Records is an American record label founded in 1916. The company first began producing phonographs in 1916, then began marketing their own line of records as an after-thought and these first Brunswick records used the vertical cut system like Edison Disc Records, and were not sold in large numbers. They were recorded in the US but sold only in Canada, in January 1920, a new line of Brunswick Records was introduced in the US and Canada that employed the lateral cut system which was becoming the default cut for 78 discs. Brunswick started its standard popular series at 2000 and ended up in 1940 at 8517, however, when the series reached 4999, they skipped over the previous allocated 5000s and continued at 6000. Also, when they reached 6999, they continued at 7301, the parent company marketed them extensively, and within a few years Brunswick became one of the USAs Big Three record companies, along with Victor and Columbia Records. The Brunswick line of home phonographs were commercially successful, Brunswick had a hit with their Ultona phonograph capable of playing Edison Disc Records, Pathé disc records, and standard lateral 78s. In late 1924, Brunswick acquired the Vocalion Records label, audio fidelity of early-1920s, acoustically-recorded Brunswick discs is above average for the era. They were pressed into good quality shellac, although not as durable as that used by Victor, in the spring of 1925 Brunswick introduced its own version of electrical recording using photoelectric cells, which Brunswick called the light-ray process. Then based in Chicago, many of the citys best orchestras, the labels jazz roster included Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, King Oliver, Johnny Dodds, Andy Kirk, and Red Nichols. Brunswick initiated a 7000 race series as well as the Vocalion 1000 race series and these race records series recorded hot jazz, urban and rural blues, and gospel. Brunswick also had a successful business supplying radio with sponsored transcriptions of popular music, comedy. Few orchestra records were approved for issue and those that did appear on the often combined excellent performances with execrable sound. Brunswick found it expedient and ultimately cheaper to contract with European companies to fill their electrical classical catalogue, some of these recordings have been reissued on CD. Brunswick itself switched to a conventional microphone recording process in 1927. Prior to this, however, they had introduced the Brunswick Panatrope and this phonograph met with critical acclaim, and composer Ottorino Respighi selected the Brunswick Panatrope to play a recording of bird songs in his composition The Pines of Rome. Jack Kapp became the company executive of Brunswick in 1930. In April 1930, Brunswick-Balke-Collender sold Brunswick Records to Warner Bros. Warner Bros. hoped to make their own soundtrack recordings for their sound-on-disc Vitaphone system. A number of interesting recordings were made by actors during this period, actors who made recordings included Noah Beery, Charles King, and J. Harold Murray
Brunswick Records
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The Brunswick Records logo
Brunswick Records
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Brunswick Records
Brunswick Records
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A Brunswick record label from 1922
Brunswick Records
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Jackie Wilson's
debut single was the first release of the current Brunswick Records
14.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
Atlantic Records
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"Weird Al" Yankovic edits the Atlantic Records' Wikipedia page to read "YOU SUCK!" in the music video for the song "
White & Nerdy "
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Records logo as of 2015.
15.
Essex Records
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Essex Records was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1951 by David Miller primarily to record contemporary country and western, rhythm and blues as well as jazz and gospel. Jack Howard was the promotion manager, the label had little popular success. They issued a 1954 single called Oh, Mein Papa, the label also released the first 12-inch album of rock and roll music with its 1954 Haley compilation Rock with Bill Haley and the Comets. Haleys first big hit, Crazy Man, Crazy was followed by two chart hits, Fractured, and Live It Up. In 1954, Haley left Essex for Decca Records, the primary female vocalist on the label was Bunny Paul, who scored hits in 1954 with Such a Night and Honey Love. The colour of the Essex label was orange with the print in black
Essex Records
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Bill Haley & His Comets Essex Records
16.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
Warner Bros. Records
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The gold, black and red label design used for Warner Bros. stereo albums from 1958 to 1968 and mono albums from 1964 to 1968.
Warner Bros. Records
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The grey, black, white and yellow label design used for Warner Bros. mono albums from 1958 to 1964 when it switched to the same gold label as the stereo version.
Warner Bros. Records
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"Cream Puff War" (1967), the first Warner Bros. single by
The Grateful Dead, showing the orange label with chevron border used on WBR's American 45s for much of the 1960s.
Warner Bros. Records
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Beginning in 1968, Warner LP and single label designs became identical. From 1968 to 1970, the label was called Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Records. The basic design and colour scheme of the W7 label were retained after the company name reverted to Warner Bros. Records and the "WB" shield in 1970 and remained in use until 1973.
17.
United Artists Records
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Brazilian soprano Bidu Sayão was the featured soloist on the unusual recording, which was released on both LP and reel-to-reel tape. Berry Gordy placed a number of early Motown acts with UA including Marv Johnson, UA signed Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller ro produce the variety of artists signed to the label after they left Atlantic. They had hits with the Exciters, Bobby Goldsboro, Jay and the Americans, UA also covered folk with the inclusion of Gordon Lightfoot on the roster, and easy listening mood music with the piano duo Ferrante & Teicher. The soundtracks from the James Bond movies and A Hard Days Night were very popular United Artists releases in the 1960s. However, the soundtrack album of United Artists film musical, West Side Story, was released by Columbia Records. As Henry Mancini was signed to RCA Victor, that handled the soundtracks of the United Artists films that he composed the music for. In addition to soundtracks and pop output, United Artists also produced a series of records under the Tale Spinners For Children name throughout the 1960s. These were album-length adaptations of fairy tales and childrens stories done in an audio drama format. United Artists also had a few labels, Unart, Ascot, United Artists Jazz, Musicor Ultra Audio. Unart was initially created in 1958 and was only in operation until 1959 producing some vocal group 45 singles, United Artists involvement with jazz was significant. The company recruited Alan Douglas in 1960 to run its new jazz department, the companys jazz included albums by Duke Ellington and Art Farmer, although there were only a few jazz titles after about 1963. In 1961, designer and photographer Frank Gauna who worked with Alan Douglas joined the company as art director after Candid Records was discontinued, Gauna photographed and designed a variety of album covers for the company. Around 1966 a subsidiary jazz label Solid State was founded, which lasted until 1969, on recordings by the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra and Chick Corea. After the merger, Libertys ownership of Blue Note resulted in Solid States artists being transferred to the more prestigious label, and Solid State itself was wound up. In 1966 United Artists acquired the masters of Sue Records, a New York R&B/soul label whose artist roster included Ike & Tina Turner, Justine Baby Washington, some Sue material was reissued on Unart. United Artists Special Projects were budget records designed for product and movie tie-ins, in 1969, United Artists merged with co-owned Liberty Records and its subsidiary Imperial Records. Mainstream pop acts were signed to the label, among them being Traffic, the Spencer Davis Group, Peter Sarstedt, Shirley Bassey, the label also attempted, without success, to update the style of 1950s rock group Bill Haley & His Comets with a 1968 single. Later, through a deal with Don Ardens Jet Records
United Artists Records
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United Artists Records
United Artists Records
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An earlier version of the United Artists Records logo used from 1960 through 1968
United Artists Records
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United Artists Records logo used from 1968 to 1971 at the time when it was co-owned with Liberty Records.
18.
Buddah Records
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Buddah Records was founded in 1967 in New York City. The label was out of Kama Sutra Records, an MGM Records-distributed label. Buddah handled a variety of genres, including bubblegum pop, folk-rock, experimental music. Kama Sutra Records helped bolster MGM Records profits during 1965 and 1966, Kass brought in 24-year-old Neil Bogart to oversee Buddahs daily operations. Bogart had been an MGM General Manager in the early 1960s before taking a VP/Sales Director position at Cameo-Parkway Records, Bogart would quickly enlist Cameo-Parkway producers Jerry Kasenetz and Jeff Katz, the Ohio Express, and ex-Cameo artists the Five Stairsteps into the new label. Buddahs first single was Yes, We Have No Bananas/The Audition by the Mulberry Fruit Band, Kass and Bogart also brought along the promotion department of Cameo-Parkway, which was shutting down. Buddah initially made its mark as a pop music label, with Ohio Express. However, it was The Lemon Pipers who gave Buddah its first No.1 hit with Green Tambourine, produced by Paul Leka, as bubblegum musics popularity declined at the turn of the decade, Buddah branched out into gospel, folk-country, and R&B. Neil Bogart created and distributed Brut Records via Buddah Records for the Brut Fabergé company, Bogart left Buddah in 1973 to start Casablanca Records. Soon after Bogarts departure, Gladys Knight & the Pips would emerge as Buddahs biggest success, previously signed to Motown, Knight and the Pips would release their biggest hits, including Midnight Train to Georgia and Youre the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me, for Buddah. Jazz session drummer Norman Connors became Buddahs musical director in 1976 and helped to foster the labels move toward R&B, viewlex declared bankruptcy in 1976 and Art Kass purchased Buddah back from them, but the debt resulted in a substantial decline in the number of new releases. Arista Records took over distribution of Buddah from 1978 to 1983, with artists, including Norman Connors and Phyllis Hyman. Buddahs final release of new product came in mid-1983, with Michael Hendersons R&B hit Fickle, Kama Sutras final issue came a year later, with the Fat Boys s self-titled single. Buddah, now known as Buddha Records was re-activated by BMG in September 1998 as a reissue label, the Buddah/Buddha catalogue is now owned by Sony Music Entertainment and managed by Legacy Recordings. Buddah distributed many labels during its history, including the following, Buddah would adopt the font Charisma on their Mad Hatter label to create a uniform branding for its key labels in 1973, although Charismas distribution deal with Buddah would end later that year. Hot Wax Records, owned by Motown songwriting trio Holland-Dozier-Holland, 1969–1973, pavilion Records, a short-lived gospel music imprint best known for its release of Oh Happy Day by The Edwin Hawkins Singers in 1969. Studio One Records, the Jamaican label founded by Coxsone Dodd, Buddah released various selections from Studio Ones back catalog in 1978. 1967, Buddah Records in stylized black letters at the bottom, singles feature the head of a Buddha statue at the top of the label, albums show the entire statue at the bottom
Buddah Records
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Buddha Records
19.
Rock Around the Clock
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Rock Around the Clock is a rock and roll song in the 12-bar blues format written by Max C. Freedman and James E. Myers in 1952. The best-known and most successful rendition was recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets in 1954 for American Decca and it was a number one single on both the US and UK charts and also re-entered the UK Singles Chart in the 1960s and 1970s. It was not the first rock and roll record, nor was it the first successful record of the genre, the song is ranked No.158 on the Rolling Stone magazines list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Although first recorded by Italian-American band Sonny Dae and His Knights on March 20,1954, the famous version by Bill Haley & His Comets is not, strictly speaking. Myers claimed the song had been written specifically for Haley but, for various reasons, the original full title of the song was Were Gonna Rock Around the Clock Tonight. There are sources that indicate that Rock Around the Clock was written in 1953, the original arrangement of the song bore little resemblance to the version recorded by Haley, and was in fact closer to a popular instrumental of the day called The Syncopated Clock. The song was credited to Myers and Max C, Freedman, although its exact authorship is disputed, with many speculating that Freedman wrote the song on his own. There were several songs of the title Rock Around the Clock. In addition, it is erroneously stated that Rock Around the Clock is copied from a late-1940s Big Joe Turner recording. Aside from title similarity, however, the two songs bear little resemblance, there are many blues songs with the theme of partying or making love round the clock, with various actions specified at various hours. However, the melody of Rock Around the Clock does bear a very close similarity to that of Hank Williams first hit, Move It On Over. Williams song was similar to Charley Pattons Going to Move to Alabama. The song also uses phrases from Count Basies Red Wagon, first recorded in 1939. S, library of Congress on March 31. Haley and his Comets began performing the song on stage, but Dave Miller, his producer, Haley himself claimed to have taken the sheet music into the recording studio at least twice, with Miller ripping up the music each time. Myers next offered the song to Sonny Dae & His Knights, the groups subsequent recording, on the Arcade Records label, was a regional success, although it sounded very different from what Haley would later record. The recording session almost failed to place because the band was traveling on a ferry that got stuck on a sandbar en route to New York from Philadelphia. Once at the studio, producer Milt Gabler, insisted the band work on a song entitled Thirteen Women, near the end of the session, the band finally recorded a take of Rock Around the Clock, but Haleys vocals were drowned out by the band. A second take was made with minimal accompaniment while Sammy Davis
Rock Around the Clock
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Rock Around the Clock 45 single
Rock Around the Clock
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Sheet music cover for the recording by Bill Haley and His Comets on Decca Records, Myers Music, Philadelphia, 1955.
Rock Around the Clock
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1955 UK release as a Brunswick Records 45 single, 45-05317.
20.
See You Later, Alligator
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See You Later, Alligator is the title of an iconic rock and roll song of the 1950s written and first recorded by American singer-songwriter Bobby Charles. The song was a Top Ten hit for Bill Haley and His Comets in 1956 in the U. S and his recording was released on Chess Records under the title Later, Alligator as 1609 in November 1955 backed with On Bended Knee. Guidry, a Cajun musician, adopted a New Orleans-influenced blues style for the recording, the melody of the song was borrowed from bluesman Guitar Slims Later for You, Baby which was recorded in 1954. Guidry also wrote Walking to New Orleans, which was recorded by Fats Domino, the song was also recorded by Roy Hall, who had written and recorded Whole Lotta Shakin Goin On ten weeks before, on December 1,1955 at a Nashville session. The most famous recording of the song, however, was created on December 12,1955 by Bill Haley & His Comets at a recording session for Decca Records. The song was featured in Rock Around the Clock, a musical film Haley, the Decca single peaked at no.6 on the Billboard and CashBox pop singles chart in 1956. Haleys arrangement of the song is faster-paced than Guidrys original, and in particular the addition of a two-four beat changed the song from a rhythm and blues shuffle to rock and roll. The song also has a more light-hearted beat than the original, starting out with a high-pitched, the ending of the song was virtually identical to the conclusion of Haleys earlier hit, Shake, Rattle and Roll. Bill Haleys recording of See You Later, Alligator popularized a catchphrase already in use at the time and it would become Haleys third and final million-selling single, although it did not hit the top of the American charts. It was also a staple of the live act. Several post-Haley incarnations of The Comets have also recorded versions of the song, guidry, under his Bobby Charles pseudonym, re-recorded the song in the 1990s. In Spain this song was covered by a group called Parchís. On Broadway, See You Later Alligator was sung by Robert Britton Lyons, portraying Carl Perkins, in the musical Million Dollar Quartet, Robert Britton Lyons also covered the song in the Million Dollar Quartet original Broadway cast recording. Dr. Feelgood also recorded a version based on this original in 1986, the song was also recorded by Roy Hall and Otto Bash in 1956. Wayne Gibson with the Dynamic Sounds featuring Jimmy Page on lead guitar released the song as a single in August,1964, freddie and the Dreamers also recorded the song in 1964. Sha Na Na recorded the song for their syndicated TV show in 1978. Mud, The Shakers, Orion, Millie Small, James Last, Col Joye & The Joy Boys, Rood Adeo & Nighthawks at the Diner, Rock House, Horst Jankowski, and Johnny Earle have also recorded the song. In 1967, Bob Dylan and The Band recorded a parody of the song entitled See You Later, Allen Ginsberg, which was released on The Bootleg Series Vol.11, The Basement Tapes Complete in November 2014
See You Later, Alligator
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1956 sheet music cover for the Bill Haley and the Comets recording on Decca, Arc Music, New York.
See You Later, Alligator
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"See You Later, Alligator"
21.
Shake, Rattle and Roll
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Shake, Rattle and Roll is a twelve bar blues-form song, written in 1954 by Jesse Stone under his assumed songwriting name, Charles E. Calhoun. It was originally recorded by Big Joe Turner and most successfully by Bill Haley & His Comets, the song as sung by Big Joe Turner is ranked #127 on the Rolling Stone magazines list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Stone played around with various phrases before coming up with shake, rattle, however, the phrase had been used in earlier songs. In 1919, Al Bernard recorded a song about gambling with dice with the same title, the phrase is also heard in Roll The Bones by the Excelsior Quartette in 1922. Turners version was recorded in New York on February 15,1954, the shouting chorus on his version consisted of Jesse Stone, and record label executives Jerry Wexler and Ahmet Ertegün. The saxophone solo was by Sam The Man Taylor, other players included McHouston Mickey Baker on guitar and drummer Connie Kay. The song, in its incarnation, is highly sexual. Perhaps its most salacious lyric, which was absent from the later Bill Haley rendition, is Ive been holdin it in, way down underneath / You make me roll my eyes, baby, make me grit my teeth. On the recording, Turner slurred the lyric holdin it in, Bill Haley & His Comets cover version of the song, recorded on June 7,1954, featured the following members of the Comets, Johnny Grande, Billy Williamson, Marshall Lytle, and Joey Ambrose. It is known that Danny Cedrone, a musician who frequently worked for Haley, played lead guitar. Bill Haleys own stage drummer, Dick Richards, did not play on record but may have provided backing vocals since he participated in the recording of the songs B-side. This was Cedrones final recording session as he died ten days later. Haleys version was released in August and reached #7 on the Billboard pop chart, Gabler has explained that he would clean up lyrics because, I didnt want any censor with the radio station to bar the record from being played on the air. With NBC a lot of race records wouldnt get played because of the lyrics, so I had to watch that closely Both recordings are considered classics. Haleys version is peppier and brighter and it fits the definition of rock and roll as a merger of country music and rhythm and blues. Haley had started his career in music while Turner was a blues shouter. Comparing the two versions illustrates the differences between blues and rock n roll, a simple, stark instrumental backing is heard on the Turner version. Where Turners version uses a bass line, the Comets version, produced by Milt Gabler of Decca Records
Shake, Rattle and Roll
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"Shake, Rattle and Roll"
Shake, Rattle and Roll
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1954 release by Bill Haley and His Comets on Decca Records.
22.
Rocket 88
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Rocket 88 is a rhythm and blues song that was first recorded in Memphis, Tennessee, on March 3 or 5,1951. The recording was credited to Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats, the record reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart. Many music writers acknowledge its importance in the development of rock and roll music, with several considering it to be the first rock, the original version of the twelve-bar blues song was credited to Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats, which hit number one on the R&B charts. The band was actually 19-year-old Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm band, Brenston sang the lead vocal and was credited with writing Rocket 88. The song was a hymn of praise to the joys of the Oldsmobile Rocket 88 automobile which had recently been introduced, and was based on the 1947 song Cadillac Boogie by Jimmy Liggins. It was also preceded and influenced by Pete Johnsons Rocket 88 Boogie Parts 1 and 2, Willie Sims played drums for the recording. The song also features one of the first examples of distortion, the song was recorded in the Memphis studio of producer Sam Phillips in March 1951, and licensed to Chess Records for release. The legend of how the sound came about says that Kizarts amplifier was damaged on Highway 61 when the band was driving from Mississippi to Memphis, Tennessee. An attempt was made to hold the cone in place by stuffing the amplifier with wadded newspapers, Robert Palmer has written that the amplifier had fallen from the top of the car, and attributes this information to Sam Phillips. Peter Guralnick, in his biography of Sam Phillips has the amplifier being dropped from the trunk when the band got a flat tire and was digging out the spare. Link Wray explains the development of his tone with a similar story. Ike Turners piano intro to the song was used nearly note-for-note by Little Richard in Good Golly Miss Molly. Ike Turner was only paid $20 for the record, many writers have suggested that Rocket 88 has strong claims to be called the first rocknroll record, but others take a more nuanced view. Charlie Gillett, writing in 1970 in The Sound of the City, music historian Robert Palmer, writing in The Rolling Stone History of Rock & Roll in 1980, described it as an important and influential record. He noted that Hills saxophone playing was wilder and rougher than on many jump blues records, echoing this view, Bill Dahl at AllMusic wrote, Determining the first actual rock & roll record is a truly impossible task. This all combined to create THE mother of all R&B songs for a white audience. From our perspective, Rocket 88 wasnt the first rock and roll record, because the beat is a rhythm, not the distinctive rock rhythm heard first in the songs of Chuck Berry. Still, the distortion and the place of the guitar in the overall sound certainly anticipate key features of rock style
Rocket 88
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"Rocket "88""
23.
Skinny Minnie
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Skinny Minnie is a 1958 song co-written and recorded by Bill Haley and his Comets. The song was released as a Decca single which became a Top 40 chart hit in the U. S, Skinny Minnie was composed by Bill Haley with Milt Gabler, Rusty Keefer, and Catherine Cafra. The song was released as a Decca single, 9-30592, backed with Sway With Me, reaching no.22 on the Billboard chart, the song was featured on the 1958 Decca album Bill Haleys Chicks. The song became a rock and roll standard which was covered by scores of bands, in 1966, Bill Haley and the Comets recorded a new version of the song as La Flaca Miny with Spanish lyrics sung by Bill Haleys wife Martha Velasco Haley. The song was released on the 1966 Orfeon LP Whisky A Go Go, the album was re-released on Ember as EMB3396 in 1968 in the UK as The King of Rock Bill Haley Plays. The Tony Sheridan recording reached #4 on both the West Germany and Bavaria charts on December 12,1964 as reported in the Billboard Hits of the World chart, page 19. Gerry and the Pacemakers, June,1965, Laurie 45 single, b/w Its Gonna Be Alright, A side reached #23 on the Billboard Hot 100, Ill Be There U. S. Sam Butera released the song as a 196445 single, PR 1003-B, the label has incorrect songwriting credits. The song appears on the 1961 Capitol album,1677, The Continental Twist, Bill Haleys Comets featuring Al Rappa was one of several continuation groups established after Haleys death in 1981. The Tigers, Legend of The Tigers, Rare and Unreleased Tracks,2003, The Tigers on Stage,1967 The Team Beats, Smash. 1,2004, The Rockin Years Me and The Other Guys,196645 single on Hit Cat as 102 Bill Haley Orchestra,2008, Let the Good Times Roll album, CultSound. Bill Haley, Jr. Jesse Robin Lattie Moore and The Emperors, RKR 100-200, Olimpic Records Ohio,1962. Miki Volek and Olympic The Blue Cats The Hillbilly Voodoo Dolls The Zettlers, A side 45 single, Swe Disc SWES1105, Sweden,1965 Gwen Miller, roller derby star since the 1960s known as Skinny Minnie
Skinny Minnie
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1958 Decca 45, 9-30592, Bill Haley and His Comets.
Skinny Minnie
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1958 sheet music cover, Valley Brook.
Skinny Minnie
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1964 sheet music cover for Carter-Lewis recording featuring Jimmy Page, Burlington Music, London.
24.
Great Depression
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, in most countries it started in 1929 and it was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, after a fall in stock prices that began around September 4,1929. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15%, by comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s, however, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. The Great Depression had devastating effects in both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%, unemployment in the U. S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries, farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 optimism persisted for some time, john D. Rockefeller said These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come, prosperity has always returned and will again. The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April and this was still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929. Together, government and business spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the period of the previous year. On the other hand, consumers, many of whom had suffered losses in the stock market the previous year. In addition, beginning in the mid-1930s, a severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland of the U. S, by mid-1930, interest rates had dropped to low levels, but expected deflation and the continuing reluctance of people to borrow meant that consumer spending and investment were depressed. By May 1930, automobile sales had declined to below the levels of 1928, prices in general began to decline, although wages held steady in 1930
Great Depression
–
Dorothea Lange 's
Migrant Mother depicts destitute
pea pickers in
California, centering on
Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in
Nipomo, California, March 1936
Great Depression
–
USA annual real GDP from 1910 to 1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted.
Great Depression
–
Crowd gathering at the intersection of
Wall Street and Broad Street after the
1929 crash
Great Depression
–
Crowds outside the
Bank of United States in New York after its failure in 1931
25.
Detroit, Michigan
–
Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
Detroit, Michigan
–
From top to bottom, left to right:
Downtown Detroit skyline and the
Detroit River,
Fox Theatre,
Dorothy H. Turkel House in
Palmer Woods,
Belle Isle Conservatory,
The Spirit of Detroit,
Fisher Building,
Eastern Market,
Old Main at
Wayne State University,
Ambassador Bridge, and the
Detroit Institute of Arts
Detroit, Michigan
–
Ste. Anne de Détroit, founded in 1701 by French colonists, is the second-oldest continuously operating
Catholic parish in the United States. The present church was completed in 1887.
Detroit, Michigan
–
A 4
p.m. change of work shift at the Ford Motor Company assembly plant in
Highland Park, Michigan, 1910s
Detroit, Michigan
–
Looking south down
Woodward Avenue, with the Detroit skyline in the distance, July 1942
26.
Bethel Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
–
Bethel Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,791 at the 2010 census, Bethel Township was the smallest of all the original townships of Chester County, Pennsylvania. The township is mentioned as early as 1683, and means House of God, in 1683, Edward Beazer and Edward Brown had 500 acres surveyed to them in the northeasterly end of the township. On this tract, Bethel hamlet, afterwards known as Corner Ketch, in 1686 the grand jury reported the laying out of the road from Bethel to Chichester. The settlers of Bethel Township were among the earliest settlers of the Pennsylvania Colony, and many were members of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. The list of taxables for Bethel township in 1693, shows nine tax payers, John Gibbons, Ralph Pyle, John Bushel, Nicholas Pyle, Edward Beaner, Robert Eyre, Thomas Garrett, John Howard, Thomas Cooper. Robert Pyle, a leader of the Society of Friends, was almost continuously a member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from 1688 until 1705, on September 26,1789, Delaware County was established by separating from the eastern portion of Chester County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has an area of 5.7 square miles. Bethel Township is the only Police Department in Delaware County that is composed of all Part-Time Police Officers,2. 2% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,421 people,1,984 households, the population density was 1,132.3 people per square mile. There were 2,017 housing units at a density of 355. 7/sq mi. The racial makeup of the township was 94. 44% White,2. 18% African American,0. 03% Native American,2. 41% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 33% from other races, and 0. 59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 93% of the population,9. 6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.16 and the family size was 3.40. In the township the population was out, with 31. 5% under the age of 18,5. 1% from 18 to 24,34. 7% from 25 to 44,20. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males, the median income for a household in the township was $84,661, and the median income for a family was $87,248. Males had an income of $60,496 versus $36,272 for females
Bethel Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
–
Entering Bethel Township on
Pennsylvania Route 261
27.
Kentucky
–
Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
Kentucky
–
Narrow country roads bounded by stone and wood plank fences are a fixture in the Kentucky
Bluegrass region.
Kentucky
Kentucky
–
Kentucky's regions (click on image for color-coding information.)
Kentucky
–
The
Eastern Kentucky Coalfield is known for its rugged terrain.
28.
Banjo
–
The banjo is a four-, five- or six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator, called the head. The membrane, or head, is made of plastic, although animal skin is still occasionally but rarely used. Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by Africans in America, the banjo is frequently associated with country, folk, Irish traditional and bluegrass music. Historically, the banjo occupied a place in African American traditional music. The banjo, with the fiddle, is a mainstay of American old-time music and it is also very frequently used in Traditional Jazz. The modern banjo derives from instruments that had used in the Caribbean since the 17th century by enslaved people taken from West Africa. Written references to the banjo in North America appear in the 18th century, the etymology of the name banjo is uncertain. The word could have come from the Yoruba word Bami jo and it may derive from the Kimbundu word mbanza. A Banza, a five double string courses Portuguese viuhela with two short strings, mbanza is a string African instrument that has been built after the Portuguese Banza. Banza is quite similar to Banjo, various instruments in Africa, chief among them the kora, feature a skin head and gourd body. Banjos with fingerboards and tuning pegs are known from the Caribbean as early as the 17th century, 18th- and early 19th-century writers transcribed the name of these instruments variously as bangie, banza, bonjaw, banjer and banjar. Instruments similar to the banjo have been played in many countries, another likely relative of the banjo is the akonting, a spike folk lute played by the Jola tribe of Senegambia, and the ubaw-akwala of the Igbo. Early, African-influenced banjos were built around a body and a wooden stick neck. These instruments had varying numbers of strings, though often including some form of drone, the five-string banjo was popularized by Joel Walker Sweeney, an American minstrel performer from Appomattox Court House, Virginia. In the 1830s Sweeney became the first white performer to play the banjo on stage and his version of the instrument replaced the gourd with a drum-like sound box and included four full-length strings alongside a short fifth string. This new banjo was at first tuned dGdf♯a, though by the 1890s this had been transposed up to gcgbd, Banjos were introduced in Britain by Sweeneys group, the American Virginia Minstrels, in the 1840s, and became very popular in music halls. In the Antebellum South, many black slaves played the banjo, two techniques closely associated with the five-string banjo are rolls and drones. Rolls are right hand fingering pattern that consist of eight notes that subdivide each measure
Banjo
–
A five-string bluegrass banjo
Banjo
–
Open strings and highest note of a standard-tuned five-string bluegrass banjo.
Banjo
–
A five-string banjo.
Banjo
–
Plectrum banjo from Gold Tone
29.
Mandolin
–
A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or pick. It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison, although five, the courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello. There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a bottom, constructed of strips of wood. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a shallower, arched back. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music, carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature a fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course. There has also been a type and an instrument with sixteen-strings. Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard, pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, the modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections, there is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f. A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling, Mandolins evolved from the lute family in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the deep bowled mandolin, produced particularly in Naples, became common in the 19th century. Dating to around c.13,000 BC, a painting in the Trois Frères cave in France depicts what some believe is a musical bow. From the musical bow, families of stringed instruments developed, since each string played a note, adding strings added new notes, creating bow harps, harps. In turn, this led to being able to play dyads and chords, another innovation occurred when the bow harp was straightened out and a bridge used to lift the strings off the stick-neck, creating the lute
Mandolin
–
An American A-style left-handed mandolin, with F-holes
Mandolin
–
Modern Neapolitan bowlback mandolin manufactured by the
Calace family workshop.
Mandolin
–
Mandolin with six courses of strings (2 strings per course), labeled Milanese at the museum.
Mandolin
–
Advertisement for a Lyon and Healy made, Washburn brand mandolin from an 1897 short-stories magazine, The Black Cat.
30.
Ulverston
–
Ulverston is a market town and civil parish in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in North West England. Historically in Lancashire, the town is in the Furness area around 8 miles north-east of Barrow-in-Furness and it is close to the Lake District, and just north of Morecambe Bay, neighboured by Swarthmoor, Pennington and Rosside. Ulverstons most visible landmark is Hoad Monument, a structure built in 1850 to commemorate statesman. The monument provides scenic views of the areas, including Morecambe Bay. Ulverston Canal, which is no navigable, was once a vital component of the towns economy and is still celebrated with art installation. The town is home to shops and pubs, some on the cobble-stone paved main street, Market Street. At the head of the street is a war memorial to soldiers who died in the First World War, Ulverston is a comparatively large civil parish. It is bounded in the east by the Leven estuary, Crake, Coniston Water, to the west the boundary follows a chain of hills, and beyond that lie the towns of Kirkby-in-Furness and Askam and Ireleth. To the south is relatively low land, but it rises quickly, in the north are hills such as Coniston Old Man. The settlements of the parish are mainly concentrated in the eastern part, on 28 April 2009, Ulverston was near the epicentre of an earthquake measuring 3.7 on the Richter magnitude scale. Tremors were felt across south Cumbria and parts of north Lancashire at 11.22 BST, a spokesman for the British Geological Survey said that earthquakes of around that magnitude occur roughly once a year in Britain. It was the largest seismic event in the region since a magnitude 4.4 earthquake struck Lancaster in 1835, the personal names Úlfarr and Wulfhere both translate roughly as wolf warrior or wolf army, which explains the presence of a wolf on the towns coat of arms. The loss of the W in Wulfhere can be attributed to the historic Scandinavian influence in the region, locally, the town has traditionally been known as Oostan. Other variations of the name recorded throughout history include Oluestonam, the towns market charter was granted in 1280 by Edward I. This was for a market every Thursday, modern Ulverston keeps its old market town appearance, the charter also allowed for all public houses to open from 10,30 am until 11,00 pm irrespective of any other statute on the books. During the summer months the Saturday market day is themed with craft stalls, charity stalls, from 1894 to 1974 the town constituted an urban district in the administrative county of Lancashire. It became a parish in the Cumbria district of South Lakeland under the Local Government Act 1972. Over the years the town has been the birthplace of famous people
Ulverston
–
Market Street, Ulverston
Ulverston
–
Hoad Hill and the replica of the Eddystone Lighthouse
Ulverston
–
Stan Laurel and
Oliver Hardy Statue
Ulverston
–
The Laurel & Hardy Museum
31.
Lancashire
–
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan ceremonial county in north west England. The county town is Lancaster although the administrative centre is Preston. The county has a population of 1,449,300, people from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians. The history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century, in the Domesday Book of 1086, some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey, Inter Ripam et Mersam, was included in the returns for Cheshire, when its boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire. Lancashire emerged as a commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Liverpool and Manchester grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade, the county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Manchester, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashires mill towns, the detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east, with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester, the county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack, in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, in the Domesday Book, land between the Ribble and Mersey were known as Inter Ripam et Mersam and included in the returns for Cheshire. Although some historians consider this to mean south Lancashire was then part of Cheshire and it is also claimed that the territory to the north formed part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It bordered on Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire, the county was divided into hundreds, Amounderness, Blackburn, Leyland, Lonsdale, Salford and West Derby. Lonsdale was further partitioned into Lonsdale North, the part north of the sands of Morecambe Bay including Furness and Cartmel
Lancashire
–
John Speed 's map of the County Palatine of Lancaster, 1610
Lancashire
–
The
Red Rose of Lancaster is the
county flower of Lancashire, and a common symbol for the county.
Lancashire
–
Logo
Lancashire
–
Lancashire County Hall, Preston
32.
England
–
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
England
–
Stonehenge, a
Neolithic monument
England
–
Flag
England
–
Boudica led an uprising against the
Roman Empire
England
–
Replica of a 7th-century ceremonial
helmet from the
Kingdom of East Anglia, found at
Sutton Hoo
33.
Keyboardist
–
A keyboardist is a musician who plays keyboard instruments. Until the early 1960s musicians who played keyboards were generally classified as either pianists or organists, since the mid-1960s, a plethora of new musical instruments with keyboards have come into common usage, requiring a more general term for a person who plays them. A complete list can be found at List of keyboardists, the use of electronic keyboards grew in popularity throughout the 1960s, with many bands using the Hammond organ, Mellotron, and electric pianos such as the Fender Rhodes. The Doors became the first group to use the Moog synthesizer on a pop record on 1967s Strange Days. Other bands, including The Moody Blues, The Rolling Stones, in 1966, Billy Ritchie became the first keyboard player to take a lead role in a rock band, replacing guitar, and thereby preparing the ground for others such as Keith Emerson and Rick Wakeman. In the late 1960s, a pioneer of electronic music Jean Michel Jarre started to experiment with synthesizers. Some of the first bands that used this set up were Kraftwerk, Suicide, the pop-blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac was also known for synthesizer-infused hits during this period. Pianist Organist List of Hammond organ players List of harpsichordists Classical pianists Young, concerns celebrated keyboard players and the various such instruments used over the centuries. SBN 200-71497-X Keyboard magazine Keyboard Player magazine Harmony Central resource for keyboard/synth players Vintage Synth Explorer
Keyboardist
–
Access Virus TI Polar Keyboard
34.
Hartford, Connecticut
–
Hartford is the capital of the U. S. state of Connecticut. It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960, as of the 2010 Census, Hartfords population was 124,775, making it Connecticuts third-largest city after the coastal cities of Bridgeport and New Haven. Census Bureau estimates since then have indicated Hartfords subsequent fall to fourth place statewide as a result of sustained growth in the coastal city of Stamford. Nicknamed the Insurance Capital of the World, Hartford houses many insurance company headquarters, founded in 1635, Hartford is among the oldest cities in the United States. In 1868, resident Mark Twain wrote, Of all the towns it has been my fortune to see this is the chief. Following the American Civil War, Hartford was the richest city in the United States for several decades, today, Hartford is one of the poorest cities in the nation with 3 out of every 10 families living below the poverty line. In sharp contrast, the Hartford metropolitan area is ranked 32nd of 318 metropolitan areas in total economic production, various tribes, all part of the loose Algonquin confederation, lived in or around present-day Hartford. The area was referred to as Suckiaug, meaning Black Fertile River-Enhanced Earth, the first Europeans known to have explored the area were the Dutch, under Adriaen Block, who sailed up the Connecticut in 1614. Dutch fur traders from New Amsterdam returned in 1623 with a mission to establish a trading post, the original site was located on the south bank of the Park River in the present-day Sheldon/Charter Oak neighborhood. This fort was called Fort Hoop, or the House of Hope, in 1633, Jacob Van Curler formally bought the land around Fort Hoop from the Pequot chief for a small sum. It was home to perhaps a couple families and a few dozen soldiers, the area today is known as Dutch Point, and the name of the Dutch fort, House of Hope, is reflected in the name of Huyshope Avenue. The fort was abandoned by 1654, but its neighborhood in Hartford is still known as Dutch Point, the Dutch outpost, and the tiny contingent of Dutch soldiers that were stationed there, did little to check the English migration. The Dutch soon realized they were vastly outnumbered, the House of Hope remained an outpost, but it was steadily swallowed up by waves of English settlers. The English began to arrive 1637, settling upstream from Fort Hoop near the present-day Downtown, the settlement was originally called Newtown, but was changed to Hartford in 1637 in honor of Stones hometown of Hertford, England. Hooker also created the town of Windsor. The etymology of Hartford is the ford where harts cross, the Seal of the City of Hartford features a male deer, which in full maturity was referred to by the medieval hunting term hart. The fledgling colony along the Connecticut River had issues with the authority by which it was to be governed because it was outside of the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Bay Colonys charter. Historians suggest that Hookers conception of self-rule embodied in the Fundamental Orders went on to inspire the Connecticut Constitution, today, one of Connecticuts nicknames is the Constitution State
Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford, Connecticut
35.
Connecticut
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Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Connecticut is also often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-State Area and it is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport, the state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U. S. river that approximately bisects the state. The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river, Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States. It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and it was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. Connecticuts center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, Connecticuts first European settlers were Dutch. They established a small, short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park, initially, half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England, the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution, the Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford. As of the 2010 Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index, and median household income in the United States. Landmarks and Cities of Connecticut Connecticut is bordered on the south by Long Island Sound, on the west by New York, on the north by Massachusetts, and on the east by Rhode Island. The state capital and third largest city is Hartford, and other cities and towns include Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, Danbury, New Britain, Greenwich. Connecticut is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, there are 169 incorporated towns in Connecticut. The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury in the northwest corner of the state, the highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet, on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. At the opposite extreme, many of the towns have areas that are less than 20 feet above sea level. Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront
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Bear Mountain, highest peak in Connecticut
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Flag
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Lake Mcdonough reservoir as seen from the Tunxis Trail Overlook Spur trail, Barkhamsted
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New Haven
36.
WPWA
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WPWA is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish Religious format. Licensed to Chester, Pennsylvania, USA, it serves the Philadelphia area, the station is currently owned by Mount Ocean Media, L. L. C. During the mid-1990s the station was the Philadelphia affiliate of the Radio AAHS network, in February 1998, WPWA, along with the other nine CBC stations, became an outlet for Beat Radio, which broadcast electronic dance music 12 hours a day until late October 1998. Query the FCCs AM station database for WPWA Radio-Locator Information on WPWA Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for WPWA
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v
37.
Chester, Pennsylvania
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Chester is a city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States, with a population of 33,972 at the 2010 census. Chester is situated on the Delaware River, between the cities of Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware, the current mayor of Chester, Thaddeus Kirkland, was elected on November 3,2015 and served his first day in office on January 4,2016. The first European settlers in the area were Swedes and they called the settlement that became Chester first Finlandia, then Upland. They built Fort Mecoponacka in 1641 to defend the settlement, by 1682, Upland was the most populous town of the new Province of Pennsylvania. On October 27, the ship Welcome arrived at the town, Penn renamed the settlement for the English city of Chester. Chester served as the county seat for Chester County, which stretched from the Delaware River to the Susquehanna River. In 1789, the city became the county seat for the newly created Delaware County, the courthouse is near the new City Hall building. Chesters naval shipyard supplied the Union during the Civil War, the Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. later Pennsylvania Shipyard & Dry Dock Company, was located in Chester until it closed in 1990. Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Chester in honor of the city, on April 10,1917, an explosion at the Eddystone Ammunition Corporation near Chester resulted in the deaths of 133 workers, mostly women. Chester is one of places that claim to be the birthplace of the hoagie sandwich. It is also known as the Cradle of Rock n Roll, poverty and crime rose as the city declined. In 1995, the state designated Chester as a distressed municipality. When Chester became eligible for Pennsylvanias Keystone Opportunity Zone program, firms began to accept state, one of its tenants is AdminServer, which makes software for the insurance industry. It moved from Malvern, Pennsylvania in 2003 and was acquired by Oracle in 2007, another one of the Wharfs tenants is Power Home Remodeling Group, the nations 2nd largest exterior home remodeling company. Harrahs Casino and Racetrack built its facilities beginning in 2005, launching harness racing along the Delaware River in September 2006, the employment status for workers sixteen and older, and not in the labor force is at 41 percent. Chester has a government system, consisting of a popularly elected city mayor. The terms of the mayor and members are four years, the Chester City Council is made up of four members, Councilwoman Elizabeth Williams, Portia West, William A. Jacobs, and Edith Blackwell and the presiding officer, the mayor, Thaddeus Kirkland. The City Controller is currently Ms. Edith Blackwell, the current mayor of the City of Chester is State Rep. Thaddeus Kirkland who won the Democratic nomination in May 2015 over incumbent Mayor John Linder
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William Penn Landing Site
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Hendrickson House, built in Chester in 1690 by Swedish farmers, was moved to Wilmington, Delaware, in 1958
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Bird's-eye view of Chester in 1885
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Avenue of the States in downtown Chester
38.
Crazy Man, Crazy
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Crazy Man, Crazy was the title of an early rock and roll song written by, and first recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets in April 1953. It is also believed to be the first rock and roll recording to be played on television in the US. The use of a comma in the title varies from source to source, but is present on the single release, which is credited to Bill Haley with Haleys Comets. The song was written by Bill Haley, one of these phrases was Crazy Man Crazy while another was Go, go, go, everybody. Haley incorporated both phrases into the song and he is said to have written it sitting at the kitchen table while his wife prepared lunch. The song was recorded at Coastal Studios in New York City and was released soon after by Essex Records, personnel on the recording included Haleys core Comets members, plus session musicians Art Ryerson and Billy Gussak. Also participating on backing vocals were Dave Miller and Jerry Blaine, co-founder of Jubilee Records, on May 23,1953, the song entered the American Billboard chart and reached No. 12, becoming the first song generally recognised as rock and roll to be a pop hit, the record was the Top Debut on the Cashbox chart for the week of May 23,1953, debuting at no.19. This was also Haleys first national success and his first major success with an original song, the recording was released on Essex Records as Essex 321, E-321-A, backed with Whatcha Gonna Do by Bill Haley with Haleys Comets and was published by Eastwick Music, BMI. The record was manufactured by the Palda Record Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 78 and 45 formats with an orange label, the recording was also released in the UK in August 1953, as London L1190 as a 78 with WhatCha Gonna Do as the B side. This live production featured James Dean and was a predecessor to his later Rebel Without a Cause, the Paley Center for Media maintains a copy of this production in its archives. J. and his female guest introducing the Comets. This film is regarded as the first rock and roll movie feature predating The Blackboard Jungle, the band also performed the song in the 1961 Mexican film Besito a Papa directed by José Díaz Morales made by Cinematográfica Filmex S. A. and released on September 14,1961. The film starred Mexican actress Lola Beltran, Haley would later claim that Crazy Man, Crazy sold a million copies, however no evidence to support this claim has been located. Haley and the Comets would record new versions of the song in 1960 and 1972, a 45 single was released on Radio Active Gold distributed by Buddah Records produced by Richard Nader. After Haleys death, surviving members of The Comets recorded new versions of the song in 1997,2000 and 2002. The Original Comets featuring Dick Richards on drums and Joey Ambrose on lead vocals performed the live on July 5,2014 at the Wildest Cats concert in the UK with Jacko Buddin on lead guitar. Ralph Marterie and his Orchestra also had a hit with their version in 1953 as Mercury 70153. Marterie reached no.13 on the Billboard Jockey chart with his version for the week ending June 20,1953 and it is sometimes claimed that sax player Rudy Pompilli, later to join the Comets, was on this record, but there is no evidence of this
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"Crazy Man, Crazy"
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1953 sheet music cover, Eastwick Music Co., Philadelphia, PA.
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August, 1953 78 single release in the UK on London Records as L.1190.
39.
Marshall Lytle
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Marshall Lytle was an American rock and roll bassist, best known for his work with the groups Bill Haley & His Comets and The Jodimars in the 1950s. He played upright bass on the iconic 1950s rock and roll records Crazy Man, Crazy, Shake, Rattle and Roll. Born in Old Fort, North Carolina, Lytle was a player before joining Bill Haleys country music group, The Saddlemen. But Lytle was hired to double bass for the group, replacing departing musician Al Rex. Soon after, Lytle co-wrote with Haley the bands first national hit, Crazy Man, Lytle played on all of Haleys recordings between mid-1951 and the summer of 1955, including the epochal Rock Around the Clock in 1954. He was paid $41.25 for the three-hour Decca recording session which included the original A side. He played a late 1940s model Epiphone B5 upright double bass, purchased in October 1951 and he used gut strings for the G and D strings while the A and E strings were wound. Lytles style of playing, which involved slapping the strings to make a sound, is considered one of the signature sounds of early rock and roll. The athletic Lytle also developed a routine, along with Ambrose. This became a performance for The Comets that later musicians working for Haley were instructed to emulate. He was part of the band when they appeared on the NBC Texaco Star Theatre show hosted by Milton Berle and he also appeared in the 1954 Universal International Pictures movie short Round Up of Rhythm. In September 1955, Lytle, along with drummer Dick Richards and Ambrose, quit The Comets in a dispute and formed their own musical group. Before leaving, Lytle and his colleagues offered to train their replacements in the art of rock and roll playing, Lytle was succeeded by Al Rex—ironically, the same musician he had originally been hired to replace. The Jodimars became one of the first rock and roll groups to take up residence in Las Vegas showrooms, by 1958 they had broken up, though Lytle attempted to continue the group on his own. Despite the musicians not having each other in decades, The Comets quickly found their groove again although Lytle sang the lyrics of Rock Around the Clock out-of-order. Their performance was the hit of the show, and over the couple of years The Comets began touring again. The band has recorded albums for the German label Hydra Records, the UK-based Rockstar Records. Lytle also recorded an album in 1993 entitled Air Mail Special back by members of The Stargazers, a UK rockabilly group, the album was credited to Marshall
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Marshall Lytle
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Top 40 hit "Fractured" by Bill Haley With Haley's Comets released as an Essex Records 78, 327-B, in 1953.
40.
Blackboard Jungle
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In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Dadier makes various attempts to engage the students interest in education, cast notes This was the debut film for Campos, Morrow, and Farah, and one of Poitiers earliest. Farah later changed his name to Jamie Farr, well known for playing Corporal Klinger in the M*A*S*H TV series. According to MGM records the film earned $5,292,000 in the US and Canada, in 2010, Turner Classic Movies listed the soundtrack of the movie on its list of the Top 15 Most Influential Movie Soundtracks of all time. TCM described the impact and the influence of the movie, MGM brought Hollywood into the era with BLACKBOARD JUNGLE. In search of the kind of music teens like the films potential delinquents were listening to, when he heard Bill Haley and his Comets perform Rock Around the Clock, he found the perfect theme song -- the first rock song ever used in a Hollywood feature. Teens flocked to the film, dancing in theatre aisles as the song played over the opening credits, parents may have been shocked by such uninhibited behavior, but things got worse when screenings also inspired violence and vandalism around the world. Thanks to BLACKBOARD JUNGLE, the hit number one on the Billboard charts, eventually selling 25 million copies. The record had released the previous year, gaining only limited sales. But, popularized by its use in the film, Rock Around the Clock reached number one on the Billboard charts, and remained there for eight weeks. In some theaters, when the film was in first release, despite this, other instances of the song were not cut. The music led to a teenage audience for the film. In this sense, the film has seen as marking the start of a period of visible teenage rebellion in the latter half of the 20th century. The film marked a watershed in the United Kingdom and was refused a cinema certificate before being passed with heavy cuts. When shown at a South London Cinema in Elephant and Castle in 1956 the teenage Teddy Boy audience began to riot, tearing up seats, after that, riots took place around the country wherever the film was shown. In 2007, the Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture published an article that analyzed the films connection to crime theories, in 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally significant. The film was released on DVD in North America on May 10,2005 by Warner Home Video, list of American films of 1955 Notes Sources Ford, Peter. Rock Around the Clock and Me Blackboard Jungle at the American Film Institute Catalog Blackboard Jungle at the Internet Movie Database Destgulch. com
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Theatrical release poster
41.
Glenn Ford
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Gwyllyn Samuel Newton Glenn Ford was a Canadian actor who held dual Canadian and American citizenship. His career lasted more than 50 years, although he played many different roles, Ford was best known for playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances. He was most prominent during Hollywoods Golden Age, gwyllyn Samuel Newton Ford was born on May 1,1916 in Sainte-Christine-dAuvergne, Quebec, the son of Hannah Wood and Newton Ford, a railway man. Through his father, Ford was a great-nephew of Canadas first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, in 1924, at the age of eight, Ford moved to Santa Monica, California with his family. He became a citizen of the United States in 1939. After Ford graduated from Santa Monica High School, he working in small theatre groups. While in high school, he took odd jobs, including working for Will Rogers, who taught him horsemanship. Ford later commented that his railroad executive father had no objection to his growing interest in acting, be able to take a car apart and put it together. Be able to build a house, every bit of it, Ford heeded the advice and during the 1950s, when he was one of Hollywoods most popular actors, he regularly worked on plumbing, wiring, and air conditioning at home. At times, he worked as a roofer and installer of plate-glass windows, Ford acted in West Coast stage companies before joining Columbia Pictures in 1939. His stage name came from his fathers hometown of Glenford, Alberta and his first major movie part was in the 1939 film, Heaven with a Barbed Wire Fence. The starstruck youngster was invited to Roosevelts annual Birthday Ball and he returned to Los Angeles and promptly registered as a Democrat, a fervent FDR supporter. It always held a place of honor in my home. After 35 interviews and glowing reviews for him personally, Glenn Ford had young female fans begging for his autograph and his next picture, Texas, was his first Western, a genre with which he would be associated for the rest of his life. Set after the Civil War, it paired him with young male star under contract, Bill Holden. More routine films followed, none of them memorable, but lucrative enough to allow Ford to buy his mother and he began his training in September,1941, driving three nights a week to his unit in San Pedro and spending most weekends there. Ten months after Fords portrait of a young anti-Nazi exile, the United States entered World War II, after playing a young pilot in his 11th Columbia film, Flight Lieutenant, Ford went on a cross-country 12-city tour to sell war bonds for Army and Navy Relief. In the midst of the many stars also donating their time – from Bob Hope to Cary Grant to Claudette Colbert – he met the popular dancing star, the two soon fell in love, they attended the official opening of the Hollywood USO together in October
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Ford in 1955
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Captain Glenn Ford, United States Naval Reserve
42.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
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An 1896 issue of Billboard
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Cover of Billboard (January 26, 2013).
43.
Frank Sinatra
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Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the music artists of all time. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 and he released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatras professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas and his career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity, with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Only the Lonely and Nice n Easy. Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own label, Reprise Records. It was followed by 1968s collaboration with Duke Ellington, using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998. Sinatra forged a successful career as a film actor. After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity, he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm and he appeared in various musicals such as On the Town, Guys and Dolls, High Society, and Pal Joey, winning another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he associated with playing detectives. Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B, on television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music, he had a natural, intuitive understanding of it, a perfectionist, renowned for his impeccable dress sense and cleanliness, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname Ol Blue Eyes, Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976, Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him the greatest singer of the 20th century, Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12,1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino Marty Sinatra
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Sinatra in 1957
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Hoboken, New Jersey, early 20th century
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Sinatra (far right) with the Hoboken Four on Major Bowes' Amateur Hour
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Harry James in 1942
44.
Jo Stafford
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Jo Elizabeth Stafford was an American traditional pop music singer and occasional actress, whose career spanned five decades from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. Her 1952 song You Belong to Me topped the charts in the United States and United Kingdom, born in Coalinga, California, Stafford made her first musical appearance at age twelve. While still at school she joined her two older sisters to form a vocal trio named The Stafford Sisters, who found moderate success on radio. In 1938, while the sisters were part of the cast of Twentieth Century Foxs production of Alexanders Ragtime Band, Stafford met the members of The Pied Pipers. Bandleader Tommy Dorsey hired them in 1939 to perform vocals for his orchestra. In addition to her recordings with the Pied Pipers, Stafford featured in performances for Dorsey. After leaving the group in 1944, she recorded a series of pop standards for Capitol Records, many of her recordings were backed by the orchestra of Paul Weston. She also performed duets with Gordon MacRae and Frankie Laine and her work with the United Service Organizations giving concerts for soldiers during World War II earned her the nickname G. I. Jo. S. and in 1961 in the U. K. Stafford married twice, first in 1937 to musician John Huddleston, then in 1952 to Paul Weston, with whom she had two children. She and Weston developed a routine in which they assumed the identity of an incompetent lounge act named Jonathan and Darlene Edwards. The act proved popular at parties and among the public when the couple released an album as the Edwardses in 1957. In 1961, the album Jonathan and Darlene Edwards in Paris won Stafford her only Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album, Stafford largely retired as a performer in the mid-1960s, but continued in the music business. She had a resurgence in popularity in the late 1970s when she recorded a cover of the Bee Gees hit. In the 1990s, she began re-releasing some of her material through Corinthian Records and she died in 2008 in Century City, Los Angeles, and is interred with Weston at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Her work in radio, television and music is recognized by three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Jo Elizabeth Stafford was born in Coalinga, California, in 1917, to Grover Cleveland Stafford and Anna Stafford —a second cousin of World War I hero Sergeant Alvin York. She was the third of four children, both her parents enjoyed singing and sharing music with their family. Staffords father hoped for success in the California oil fields when he moved his family from Gainesboro, Tennessee and her mother was an accomplished banjo player, playing and singing many of the folk songs which influenced Staffords later career. Anna insisted that her children should take lessons, but Jo was the only one among her sisters who took a keen interest in it
Jo Stafford
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Jo Stafford pictured on the back cover of Radio Album magazine, summer 1948
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The singing Stafford Sisters in 1941
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The Pied Pipers in 1944. Pictured here are Charles Lowry, Jo Stafford, Clark Yocum, and John Huddleston
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Jo Stafford, 1946 Photograph by
William P. Gottlieb
45.
Perry Como
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Pierino Ronald Perry Como was an American singer and television personality. During a career spanning more than half a century, he recorded exclusively for RCA Victor for 44 years after signing with the label in 1943, Mr. C. as he was nicknamed, sold millions of records for RCA and pioneered a musical variety television show. Como was seen weekly on television from 1949 to 1963, then continued hosting the Kraft Music Hall variety program monthly until 1967 and his television shows and seasonal specials were broadcast throughout the world. Also a popular recording artist, Perry Como released numerous hit records from the 1940s through the 1970s, Comos appeal spanned generations and he was universally respected for both his professional standards and the conduct in his personal life. Como was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania and he was the seventh of ten children and the first American-born child of Pietro Como and Lucia Travaglini, who both emigrated to the US in 1910 from the Abruzzese town of Palena, Italy. He did not begin speaking English until he entered school, since the Comos spoke Italian at home. The family had a second-hand organ his father had bought for $3, as soon as Como was able to toddle, he would head to the instrument, pump the bellows, and play music he had heard by ear. Pietro, a hand and an amateur baritone, had all his children attend music lessons even if he could barely afford them. He showed more talent in his teenage years as a trombone player in the towns brass band, playing guitar, singing at weddings. Como was a member of the Canonsburg Italian Band along with the father of singer Bobby Vinton, bandleader Stan Vinton, young Como started helping his family at age 10, working before and after school in Steve Fragapanes barber shop for 50¢ a week. By age 13, he had graduated to having his own chair in the Fragapane barber shop and it was also around this time that young Como lost his weeks wages in a dice game. Filled with shame, he locked himself in his room and did not come out until hunger got the better of him and he managed to tell his father what had happened to the money his family depended on. His father told him he was entitled to make a mistake, when Perry was 14, his father became unable to work because of a severe heart condition. Como and his brothers became the support of the household, despite his musical ability, Comos primary ambition was to become the best barber in Canonsburg. Practicing on his father, young Como mastered the skills well enough to have his own shop at age 14. One of Comos regular customers at the shop owned a Greek coffee house that included a barber shop area. Como had so much work after moving to the coffee house and his customers worked mainly at the nearby steel mills. They were well-paid, did not mind spending money on themselves, Perry did especially well when one of his customers would marry
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Perry Como on the Perry Como Show set, 1956
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The Comos at home c. 1955. On the sofa are his older son Ronnie and wife Roselle. In the chair with her doll is his daughter, Terri, and reading on the floor are son David and his Dad.
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Como in 1939, when he was with the Ted Weems Orchestra.
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Arriving in Chicago for performances in 1947, Como is met by his young fans, who get a trim along with a song.
46.
Bing Crosby
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Harry Lillis Bing Crosby, Jr. was an American singer and actor. The first multimedia star, from 1931 to 1954 Crosby was a leader in sales, radio ratings. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations such as the microphone and this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Dick Haymes, and Dean Martin. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music, in 1963, Crosby received the first Grammy Global Achievement Award. He is one of only 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the categories of motion pictures, radio, Crosby influenced the development of the postwar recording industry. He became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings onto magnetic tape. In addition to his work with early tape recording, he helped to finance the development of videotape, bought television stations, bred racehorses, Crosby died at the age of 74 on October 14,1977, from a sudden heart attack in Alcobendas, Spain. Crosby was born on May 2,1903 in Tacoma, Washington, in 1906, Crosbys family moved to Spokane, and in 1913, Crosbys father built a house at 508 E. Sharp Avenue. The house now sits on the campus of Crosbys alma mater Gonzaga University and he was the fourth of seven children, brothers Larry, Everett, Ted, and Bob, and two sisters, Catherine and Mary Rose. His parents were Harry Lowe Crosby, Sr. a bookkeeper, Crosbys mother was a second generation Irish-American. In 1910, seven-year-old Harry Crosby Jr. was forever renamed, the Sunday edition of the Spokesman-Review published a feature called The Bingville Bugle. Written by humorist Newton Newkirk, The Bingville Bugle was a parody of a hillbilly newsletter filled with gossipy tidbits, minstrel quips, creative spelling, and mock ads. A neighbor, 15-year-old Valentine Hobart, shared Crosbys enthusiasm for The Bugle, and noting Crosbys laugh, took a liking to him, eventually, the last vowel was dropped and the nickname stuck. Crosby later described Jolsons delivery as electric, Crosby graduated from Gonzaga High School in 1920 and enrolled at Gonzaga University. He attended Gonzaga for three years, but did not earn a bachelors degree, as a freshman, he played on the universitys baseball team. The university granted him a doctorate in 1937. In 1923, Crosby was invited to join a new band composed of school students a few years younger than himself. Al Rinker, Miles Rinker, James Heaton, Claire Pritchard and Robert Pritchard, along with drummer Crosby, formed the Musicaladers, the group performed on Spokane radio station KHQ, but disbanded after two years
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Bing Crosby, c. 1930s
Bing Crosby
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Holiday Inn (1942)
Bing Crosby
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Crosby with Bob Hope in Road to Bali (1952)
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Crosby in Road to Singapore
47.
Frank Holder (musician)
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Frank Holder is a Guyanese jazz singer and percussionist. He was a member of bands led by Leslie George Jiver Hutchinson, Johnny Dankworth, Frank Holder was born in 1925 in Georgetown, Guyana, and served in the Royal Air Force. He sang in various groups at RAF Cranwell, including a band led by Geoff Head. Holder played with bands led by among others Andre Messeder and John Carioca in the late 1940s, Holder also appeared at the Feldman Swing Club in London, owned by the Feldman brothers. Holder recalls, At Feldmans, a man would be accepted when you couldnt appear at clubs like the Mayfair or Embassy. Black guys like Coleridge Goode and Ray Ellington were welcome, and all that mattered to Robert, Holder occasionally worked in those early days with a teenage Victor Feldman, who was already a fantastically gifted improviser on vibes and drums. Holder recorded early in his career for the record companies Parlophone, Decca. He is perhaps best known for his work in the early 1950s with The Dankworth Seven, led by John Dankworth, in the late 1940s Holder also worked with trumpeter Kenny Baker. Highlights from Holders Dankworth days include an appearance at the Royal Albert Hall on the bill as Nat King Cole. Holder was also active in the vibrant post-war Latin music scene including working with the Deniz Brothers, Holders vocal talents were also known to Edmundo Ross, the Trinidadian- Venezuelan musician, vocalist, arranger and bandleader who made his career in Britain. Holder was represented during the 1950s by the theatre impresario Bernard Delfont and Harold Davison, in the middle of the decade, Holder was approached by the British jazz record producer and Caribbean music entrepreneur Denis Preston to record some calypso records. Holders records were issued on the Pye label, in the late 1950s, Kenny Graham and His Orchestra also recorded with Holder for Decca Records, engineered by Joe Meek. At this time Goodwin was working closely with producer George Martin, in 1957, Holder polled number 6 in the Melody Maker Readers Poll Charts for best male vocalist and also number 11 in a separate instrumental chart for his bongo playing. In 1959, he contributed percussion to the Joe Harriott album Southern Horizons, Holder worked closely with the drummer Phil Seamen. In the mid-1960s, Holder jammed and recorded with the Ethiopian musician Mulatu Astatke, the track Asiyo Belema can be heard on the compilation New York – Addis – London. The Story of Ethio Jazz 1965–1975, Holder branched out into variety and cabaret performances, appearing in many countries, as well as at London venues including the London Palladium, Lyceum and Paramount. Holder often gave his time to charity raising events as well. Later bills were shared with Bill Haley and his Comets, Guy Mitchell, in 1963, he appeared at the National Jazz and Blues Festival held at Richmond
Frank Holder (musician)
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Frank Holder with his Life-Time Achievement Award from The Worshipful Company of Musicians
48.
UK
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
UK
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Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
UK
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Flag
UK
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The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
UK
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The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
49.
West Germany
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West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border, after 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states and this period is referred to as the Bonn Republic by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic. The Federal Republic of Germany was established from eleven states formed in the three Allied Zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom and France, US and British forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Its population grew from roughly 51 million in 1950 to more than 63 million in 1990, the city of Bonn was its de facto capital city. The fourth Allied occupation zone was held by the Soviet Union, as a result, West Germany had a territory about half the size of the interbellum democratic Weimar Republic. At the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs, Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories, the Saarland and divided Berlin. The Federal Republic of Germany claimed a mandate for all of Germany. It took the line that the GDR was an illegally constituted puppet state, though the GDR did hold regular elections, these were not free and fair. For all practical purposes the GDR was a Soviet puppet state, from the West German perspective the GDR was therefore illegitimate. Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952, in addition to the resulting ten states, West Berlin was considered an unofficial de facto 11th state. It recognised the GDR as a de facto government within a single German nation that in turn was represented de jure by the West German state alone. From 1973 onward, East Germany recognised the existence of two German countries de jure, and the West as both de facto and de jure foreign country, the Federal Republic and the GDR agreed that neither of them could speak in the name of the other. The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who remained in office until 1963, had worked for an alignment with NATO rather than neutrality. He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements that developed into the present-day European Union, when the G6 was established in 1975, there was no question whether the Federal Republic of Germany would be a member as well. With the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall, East Germany voted to dissolve itself and accede to the Federal Republic in 1990. Its five post-war states were reconstituted along with the reunited Berlin and they formally joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990, raising the number of states from 10 to 16, ending the division of Germany
West Germany
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Konrad Adenauer in parliament, 1955
West Germany
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Flag
West Germany
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Rudi Dutschke, student leader.
West Germany
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The
Volkswagen Beetle – for many years the most successful car in the world – on the assembly line in Wolfsburg factory, 1973.
50.
Rock Around the Clock (film)
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Rock Around the Clock is the title of a 1956 musical film that featured Bill Haley and His Comets along with Alan Freed, the Platters, Tony Martinez and His Band and Freddie Bell and His Bellboys. It was produced by B-movie king Sam Katzman and directed by Fred F. Sears, Rock Around the Clock tells a highly fictionalized rendition of how rock and roll was discovered. As band manager Steve Hollis observes that big band music is failing to draw audiences any longer. Convinced that rock and roll will be the big thing, Hollis strikes a deal to manage the group. Hollis then turns to agent Corinne Talbot, who handles bookings for nearly all of the venues in which Hollis needs the band to play to gain them exposure. Talbots primary interest in Hollis, however, is to have him marry her, first, she books the band into a traditionally conservative venue, expecting them to reject the bands brash new sound. But instead, the dancers there are excited by the music, next, Talbot simply blacklists Hollis and his acts from the venues she controls. But Hollis maneuvers around her by calling in a favor owed to him by disc jockey Alan Freed, the resulting booking in Freeds venue grants the Comets the exposure they need in spite of Talbots efforts. Talbots final play is to agree to sign the group to a contract that will secure their future. Johns agrees to those terms and Talbot launches their career with a national tour, once the contract is signed and the tour begins, however, Hollis reveals that he and Johns married quickly during the time it took to draw up the contract. B. C. The band also performs live on camera during a brief rehearsal prior to lip-synching to the Decca recording of R-O-C-K, a few months prior to shooting the film, the Comets had undergone a major change in personnel, with several members leaving the group. As a result, most of the songs lip-synched in the film feature a different line-up of musicians from those shown performing. The only songs on which all musicians shown on screen were also involved in the session are See You Later Alligator. During the performances of Rock Around the Clock, Franny Beecher is shown playing the guitar for Danny Cedrone, who had originally been on the session. Cedrones guitar work can also be heard on ABC Boogie, the bars of which are performed off-camera. The film advanced the cause of integration by showing white musicians performing in the venues as black performers. Rock Around the Clock was one of the box office successes of 1956. Within a year, Elvis Presley would soon appear in the most popular films of the genre, including Jailhouse Rock and King Creole, Rock, Rock, Rock, The Big Beat and The Girl Cant Help It
Rock Around the Clock (film)
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Rock Around the Clock
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