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California State Assembly
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The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
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California's 20th State Assembly district
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Californias 20th State Assembly district is one of 80 California State Assembly districts. It is represented by Democrat Bill Quirk of Hayward, the district is located in the central East Bay, centered on Hayward. The district is a gateway between the Tri-Valley to the east, Silicon Valley to the south, and the rest of the San Francisco Bay Area. California State Assembly California State Assembly districts Districts in California District map from the California Citizens Redistricting Commission
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Mary Hayashi
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Mary Chung Hayashi is a healthcare advocate and California Democratic politician, who represented 18th Assembly District in the California State Legislature. Mary Hayashi was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2006, Mary Hayashi ran unsuccessfully for California State Senate in 2014 finishing third place in the race. Mary Hayashi served as a Commissioner on the California Mental Health Services Oversight and Accountability Commission, Mary Hayashi served as a member of the California Board of Registered Nursing and as Chair of the Planned Parenthood Golden Gate Political Action Committee. She was also a member of the National Breast Cancer Coalition and Research. America. She is a board member of Girls Inc of Alameda County. Mary Hayashi’s journey from her childhood in Korea to prominence as a health care leader is documented in her book, Far from Home, Mary was named Legislator of the Year by the California Medical Association and the American Red Cross. She also received the Distinguished Public Service Award from the Alameda County Democratic Lawyers Club, Mary earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Applied Economics from the University of San Francisco and her Master in Business Administration degree from Golden Gate University. She lives in Hayward, California with her husband Dennis Hayashi, Hayashi unsuccessfully ran for Alameda County Board of Supervisors seat 2 in 2012. She came in third after Richard Valle and Union City Mayor Mark Green, in the Legislature, Mary authored a number of bills focused on health and education reform. Among her bills that have signed into law is AB25. She has also championed public education, authoring AB142 to help increase funding for schools through changes to the California State Lottery, LOCAL JOBS & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AB1386 - State Highway Route 238 - Chaptered into Law Settled a 40-year-long dispute over the abandoned Foothill Freeway in Hayward. Revenue from the sale will help fund transportation improvements including the $50 million Foothill Boulevard. Transportation improvements are estimated to exceed $250 million and create hundreds of construction jobs benefitting the local economy, student athletes must receive a health care evaluation and written clearance from a health care provider and a legal guardian in order to return to play. AB509 - Office of Suicide Prevention - Established through Executive Order Created the Office of Suicide Prevention under the Department of Mental Health, the OSP is charged with the implementation of a comprehensive and integrated approach to reduce the loss and suffering from suicide and suicidal behavior statewide. In the instance of a protected child death, the Board of Supervisors can help ensure that a similar incident does not happen again by implementing new policies and procedures. In February 2014, Hayashi announced her candidacy in the 2014 Democratic primary election for the California State Senate, after running a nearly $800,000 campaign in Californias 10th Senate District Primary Election on June 3,2014, Mary Hayashi came in a distant third. In late October 2011, she was charged with grand theft after being caught on video surveillance shoplifting $2,445 worth of merchandise from San Franciscos Neiman Marcus store. Prosecutors said that Hayashi had taken the items into a room, put them in a shopping bag
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Summit, New Jersey
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Summit is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. Summit had the 16th-highest per capita income in the state as of the 2000 Census, the region in which Summit is located was purchased from Native Americans on October 28,1664. Summits earliest European settlers came to the area around the year 1710, the original name of Summit was Turkey Hill to distinguish it from the area then known as Turkey. Summit was called the Heights over Springfield during the late 18th century and most of the 19th century, during this period, Summit was part of Springfield Township, which eventually broke up into separate municipalities. Eventually only Summit and New Providence remained joined, today, the lodge is part of a large mansion, at 50 Kent Place Boulevard, opposite Kent Place School. The railroad allowed Summit to outgrow neighboring New Providence, which didnt have a train station, in 1868, a hotel named The Summit House burned beside the railroad. In 1869, Summit and New Providence separated and the Summit area was incorporated as the Township of Summit, in the late 19th century, the area began shifting from farmland to wealthy estates, in 1892, renowned architect C. The present-day incarnation of Summit, known formally as the City of Summit, was incorporated on April 11,1899. During this time, Summit was the home of Americas antivice crusader, Anthony Comstock, who moved there about 1880 and built a house in 1892 at 35 Beekman Road, where he died in 1915. In the 19th century, Summit served as a getaway spot for wealthy residents of New York City in search of fresh air. Weekenders or summer vacationers would reach Summit by train and relax at large hotels and smaller inns, calvary Episcopal Church was built in 1894-95, the New York Times called it a handsome new house of worship. Silk weaving thrived as an industry in the late 19th century, a new railway was constructed from what was then-called New Orange. The Rahway Valley Railroad connected Summit with the Delaware, Lackawanna, a trolley line called the Morris County Traction Company, once ran a passenger trolley through Summit to/from Newark and Morris County, in the early part of the 20th century. Broad Street in Summit was designed and built for the trolley, portions of the rails could still be seen on it as late as the 1980s. There were disputes between Summits commuters and the Lackawanna railroad about walkways, in one incident in 1905, a number of passengers seeking to board the 6,35 train found their way barred. They made a rush, and when the dust cleared away. It is said the company put the door back. The commuters say they will remove it as often as it is replaced, following World War II, the city experienced a great building boom, as living outside New York City and commuting to work became more common and the population of New Jersey grew
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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
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California Democratic Party
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The California Democratic Party is the state branch of the United States Democratic Party in the state of California. Headquartered in Sacramento, it is chaired by veteran Democratic politician and former United States Representative John L. Burton and it is the majority party in both chambers of the California State Legislature, i. e. the State Assembly and the Senate. In regards to businesses and economics, the California Democratic party takes a stance that protects consumers, small businesses, unions, the platform also makes a point to champion the economic reforms of President Barack Obama. The 2012 platform addresses the issues of family in several sections, the platform promises to protect seniors, children and all types of families with fair economic and social policies. These policies range from continuing Medicare for the elderly and keeping playgrounds safe for children, the platform also highlights the right of a woman to make choices for her own body and claims that healthcare is a natural right of all people. The California democrats further promise to protect the dignity of disabled citizens, the platform is dedicated to advocating for the rights of women through equal pay and affirmative action. The party prioritizes the creation of a sustainable and earth-friendly state, focus is placed on the development of alternative forms of energy and how energy is consumed. In addition, the stresses that green jobs are a solution to economic. Finally, the platform takes stances on open internet use, immigration, the Democrats of California support the right of the people to express their thoughts and ideas through any media, and their right to assemble. The party believes that laws should be fair and that immigrants should not be discriminated against. The party wishes to bring education to the forefront, aiming to turn California into a state for academic achievement. A Detailed description of the California Democratic Partys position on all of the issues can be found in their 2012 Platform document. The California Democratic Party passes multiple resolutions every year as a way of expressing their opinion to lawmakers statewide, while the partys resolutions have no legal force themselves, they are official documents that elected representatives should take into account when making decisions. A few recent resolutions are summarised below,2012 Buy American This resolution, written 18 November 2012, encourages all arms of government to favor American suppliers of goods and services. The above are three of a long list of Resolutions passed by the California Democratic Party in 2012 and in preceding years. The history of the Democratic Party of California is complex and long, the State has traded hands every few cycles since its admission into the union in 1850. At that time, the state was firmly in the hands of the Democratic Party, until the early 1880s after the Republican Party abolished slavery, the Republicans held the state through the power and influence of railroad men. The Democratic Party responded by taking an anti-corporate, anti freedom of attainment position, in 1894, Democrat James Budd was elected to the governorship, and the Democratic Party attempted to make good on their promises to reform the booming railroad industry
7.
Hayward, California
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Hayward is a city located in Alameda County, California in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. With a 2014 population of 149,392, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area, Hayward was ranked as the 37th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census and it is located primarily between Castro Valley and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. The city was devastated early in its history by the 1868 Hayward earthquake, from the early 20th century until the beginning of the 1980s, Haywards economy was dominated by its now defunct food canning and salt production industries. Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from at least 4000 B. C, the most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the Native American Ohlone people. In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of Rancho San Lorenzo, most of the citys structures were destroyed in the earthquake, the last major earthquake on the fault. In 1930, that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall, William Dutton Hayward arrived during the gold rush and squatted, started building a house, next to the creek at the site of the old Polamares School. Guillermo Castros Vaqueros came by one day and told Hayward to get off of Castros property, William did leave, but went to Guillermo Castro directly and asked to buy a piece of his land. Castro sold him the area of what was east of Castro Street, now Mission Blvd, William Hayward built a grand hotel on the property. He and his wife ran the hotel, which burned to the ground around 1916. Hayward was originally known as Haywards, then as Haywood, later as Haywards, there is some disagreement as to how it was named. Most historians believe it was named for William Dutton Hayward, who opened a hotel there in 1852, the U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System states the city was named after Alvinza Hayward, a millionaire from the California Gold Rush. Regardless of which Hayward the area was named for, the name was changed to Haywood when the post office was first established in 1860, Castro emigrated to Chile with most of his family in 1864, after he lost his land in a card game. His name survives in the community of Castro Valley, located in the next to Hayward. The ranch was split up and sold to locals, William Hayward among them. William Haywards fortunes took a turn for the grander when he constructed a resort hotel, the surrounding area came to be called Haywards after the hotel. William Hayward eventually became the commissioner for Alameda County. He used his authority to influence the construction of roads in his own favor and he was also an Alameda County supervisor
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Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
9.
Columbia University
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Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as Kings College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, after the American Revolutionary War, Kings College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M. D. degree. The university also has global research outposts in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción, Columbia administers annually the Pulitzer Prize. Additionally,100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, researchers, faculty, Columbia is second only to Harvard University in the number of Nobel Prize-winning affiliates, with over 100 recipients of the award as of 2016. In 1746 an act was passed by the assembly of New York to raise funds for the foundation of a new college. Classes were initially held in July 1754 and were presided over by the colleges first president, Dr. Johnson was the only instructor of the colleges first class, which consisted of a mere eight students. Instruction was held in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan, in 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queens College, Oxford, and an ardent Tory. In the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his opponent in discussions at the college was an undergraduate of the class of 1777. The suspension continued through the occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in 1783. The colleges library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a hospital first by American. Loyalists were forced to abandon their Kings College in New York, the Loyalists, led by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, where they founded Kings Collegiate School. After the Revolution, the college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, the Legislature agreed to assist the college, and on May 1,1784, it passed an Act for granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called Kings College. The Regents finally became aware of the colleges defective constitution in February 1787 and appointed a revision committee, in April of that same year, a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of 24 Trustees. On May 21,1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected President of Columbia College, prior to serving at the university, Johnson had participated in the First Continental Congress and been chosen as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The colleges enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with many of the college presidents doing little to change the way that the college functioned. In 1857, the college moved from the Kings College campus at Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, during the last half of the 19th century, under the leadership of President F. A. P. Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university
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Bachelor of Science
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A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years. Whether a student of a subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities. For one example, a degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts by one university but as a B. Sc. by another. Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA, even in the natural sciences, in both instances, there are historical and traditional reasons. Northwestern Universitys School of Communication grants B. Sc. degrees in all of its programs of study, including theater, dance, the first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860. Prior to this, science subjects were included in the B. A. bracket, notably in the cases of mathematics, physics, physiology, in Argentina and Chile, most university degrees are given as a license in a field or discipline. For instance, besides the courses, biochemistry and biology require 1–2 years hands-on training either in a clinical laboratory plus a final exam or in a research laboratory plus a thesis defense. The degrees are term licenses in the field of study or profession i. e. biology, nutrition, physical therapy or kinesiology, etc. However, a masters degree requires 2-3 more years of specific training, engineering and medical degrees are also different and are six-year programs of specific classes and training starting immediately after high school. No intermediate degrees count towards the admission examination or even exist, medical degrees are complemented with a 3–4 years of hospital residence plus 1–2 years of specialization training. In Australia, the B. Sc. is generally a three-four year degree, an honours year or a Master of Science is required to progress on to the Doctor of Philosophy. In New Zealand, in cases, the honours degree comprises an additional postgraduate qualification. In South Africa, the B. Sc. is taken three years, while the postgraduate B. Sc. Entails an additional year of study, admission to the honours degree is on the basis of a sufficiently high average in the B. Sc. major, an honours degree is required for M. Sc. Level study, and admission to a doctorate is via the M. Sc, commonly in British Commonwealth countries and Ireland graduands are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Science after having completed a programme in one or more of the sciences. These programmes may take different lengths of time to complete, note that in British English, no full stops are used in the title, hence BSc, not B. Sc. A Bachelor of Science receives the designation BSc or BS for a major/pass degree, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland an honours degree is typically completed over a three-year period, though there are a few intensified two-year courses. Bachelors degrees were typically completed in two years for most of the twentieth century, in Scotland, where access to university is possible after one less year of secondary education, degree courses have a foundation year making the total course length four years
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Doctor of Philosophy
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A Doctor of Philosophy is a type of doctoral degree awarded by universities in many countries. Ph. D. s are awarded for a range of programs in the sciences, engineering. The Ph. D. is a degree in many fields. The completion of a Ph. D. is often a requirement for employment as a university professor, researcher, individuals with an earned doctorate can use the title of Doctor with their name and use the post-nominal letters Ph. D. The requirements to earn a Ph. D. degree vary considerably according to the country, institution, a person who attains a doctorate of philosophy is automatically awarded the academic title of doctor. A student attaining this level may be granted a Candidate of Philosophy degree at some institutions. A Ph. D. candidate must submit a project, thesis or dissertation often consisting of a body of academic research. In many countries, a candidate must defend this work before a panel of examiners appointed by the university. Universities award other types of doctorates besides the Ph. D. such as the Doctor of Musical Arts, a degree for music performers and the Doctor of Education, in 2016, ELIA launched The Florence Principles on the Doctorate in the Arts. The Florence Principles have been endorsed are supported also by AEC, CILECT, CUMULUS, the degree is abbreviated PhD, from the Latin Philosophiae Doctor, pronounced as three separate letters. In the universities of Medieval Europe, study was organized in four faculties, the faculty of arts. All of these faculties awarded intermediate degrees and final degrees, the doctorates in the higher faculties were quite different from the current Ph. D. degree in that they were awarded for advanced scholarship, not original research. No dissertation or original work was required, only lengthy residency requirements, besides these degrees, there was the licentiate. According to Keith Allan Noble, the first doctoral degree was awarded in medieval Paris around 1150, the doctorate of philosophy developed in Germany as the terminal Teachers credential in the 17th century. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, always public, starting in 2016, in Ukraine Doctor of Philosophy is the highest education level and the first science degree. PhD is awarded in recognition of a contribution to scientific knowledge. A PhD degree is a prerequisite for heading a university department in Ukraine, upon completion of a PhD, a PhD holder can elect to continue his studies and get a post-doctoral degree called Doctor of Sciences, which is the second and the highest science degree in Ukraine. Scandinavian countries were among the early adopters of a known as a doctorate of philosophy
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Nuclear physics
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Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions. Other forms of matter are also studied. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering, Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars. The discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson a year later was an indication that the atom had internal structure, in the years that followed, radioactivity was extensively investigated, notably by Marie and Pierre Curie as well as by Ernest Rutherford and his collaborators. By the turn of the physicists had also discovered three types of radiation emanating from atoms, which they named alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Experiments by Otto Hahn in 1911 and by James Chadwick in 1914 discovered that the beta decay spectrum was continuous rather than discrete. That is, electrons were ejected from the atom with a range of energies, rather than the discrete amounts of energy that were observed in gamma. This was a problem for physics at the time, because it seemed to indicate that energy was not conserved in these decays. The 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to Becquerel for his discovery and to Marie, Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances. In 1905 Albert Einstein formulated the idea of mass–energy equivalence, in 1906 Ernest Rutherford published Retardation of the α Particle from Radium in passing through matter. Hans Geiger expanded on this work in a communication to the Royal Society with experiments he and Rutherford had done, passing alpha particles through air, aluminum foil and gold leaf. More work was published in 1909 by Geiger and Ernest Marsden, in 1911–1912 Rutherford went before the Royal Society to explain the experiments and propound the new theory of the atomic nucleus as we now understand it. The plum pudding model had predicted that the particles should come out of the foil with their trajectories being at most slightly bent. But Rutherford instructed his team to look for something that shocked him to observe and he likened it to firing a bullet at tissue paper and having it bounce off. As an example, in this model consisted of a nucleus with 14 protons and 7 electrons. The Rutherford model worked well until studies of nuclear spin were carried out by Franco Rasetti at the California Institute of Technology in 1929
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East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
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The eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area, commonly referred to as the East Bay, includes cities along the eastern shores of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, with a population of roughly 2.5 million in 2010, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area. Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay and the third largest in the Bay Area, the city serves as a major transportation hub for the U. S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California, increased population has led to the growth of such large edge cities as Berkeley, Hayward, Concord and Fremont. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 with its terminus at the newly constructed Oakland Long Wharf. Today the Port of Oakland is the Bay Areas largest port, in 1868, the University of California was formed from the private College of California and a new campus was built in what would become Berkeley. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake saw a number of refugees flee to the relatively undamaged East Bay. As the East Bay grew, the push to connect it with a permanent link than ferry service resulted in the completion of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in 1936. The Bay Area saw further growth in the decades following World War II, the 1937 completion of the Caldecott Tunnel through the Berkeley Hills fueled growth further east, where there was undeveloped land. Cities in the Diablo Valley, including Concord and Walnut Creek, the addition of the BART commuter rail system in 1972 further encouraged development in increasingly far-flung regions of the East Bay. Today, the valleys east of the Berkeley Hills contain large affluent suburban communities such as Walnut Creek, San Ramon, the East Bay is not a formally defined region, aside from its being described as a region inclusive of Alameda and Contra Costa counties. As development moves generally eastward, new areas are described as being part of the East Bay, beyond the borders of Alameda County, the large population of Tracy is connected as a bedroom community housing commuters traveling to or through the East Bay. Except for some hills and ridges which exist as parklands or undeveloped land, and some farmland in eastern Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, the East Bay is highly urbanized. The East Bay shoreline is a corridor with several cities exceeding 100,000 residents, including Oakland, Hayward, Fremont, Richmond. In the inland valleys on the east side of the Berkeley Hills, the land is developed, particularly on the eastern fringe of Contra Costa county. In the inland valleys, the density is less and the cities smaller. The only cities exceeding 100,000 residents in the valleys are Antioch. The free East Bay Monthly has been published since 1970, in the early years of the evolution of USA Today, during the early 1980s, they operated regional newspapers, with the regions paper entitled East Bay Today
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San Francisco Bay Area
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The San Francisco Bay Area is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco. The Bay Areas nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California, the fifth-largest in the United States, the Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States, and is known for its natural beauty, liberal politics, entrepreneurship, and diversity. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay, the inner East Bay is more densely populated, with generally older buildings, and a more ethnically diverse population. The word Lamorinda was coined by combining the names of the cities it includes, Lafayette, Moraga, walnut Creek is situated east of Lamorinda and north of the San Ramon Valley and, together with Concord, Martinez, and Pleasant Hill comprises Central Contra Costa County. The cities of Antioch, Pittsburg, Brentwood, Oakley and the areas surrounding them comprise East Contra Costa County. The Tri-Valley consists of the Amador, the Livermore, and the San Ramon Valleys, dublin and Pleasanton comprise the Amador Valley, Livermore lies in the Livermore Valley, and the San Ramon Valley consists of Alamo, Danville, Diablo and its namesake, San Ramon. The outer East Bay is connected to the inner East Bay by BART, Interstate 580 to the south, and State Routes State Route 4 to the north, the outer East Bays infrastructure was mostly built up after World War II. This area remains largely white demographically, although the Hispanic and Filipino populations have grown significantly over the past 2–3 decades, the region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area encompasses Marin County, Sonoma County, Napa County, the city of Fairfield, being part of Solano County, is often considered the easternmost city of the North Bay. With few exceptions, this region is affluent, Marin County is ranked as the wealthiest in the state. The North Bay is relatively rural compared to the remainder of the Bay Area, with areas of undeveloped open space, farmland. Santa Rosa in Sonoma County is the North Bays largest city, with a population of 167,815 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area population of 466,891, making it the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. The North Bay is the section of the Bay Area that is not currently served by a commuter rail service. The area from San Francisco to the Silicon Valley, geographically part of the San Francisco Peninsula, is known locally as The Peninsula, many of these families are of foreign background and have significantly contributed to the diversity of the area. Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula, in local terms, San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, the north, east, and west. The city squeezes roughly 870,000 people in under 47 square miles, on any given day, there can be as many as 1 million people in the city because of the commuting population and tourism
15.
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
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The Goddard Institute for Space Studies is a laboratory in the Earth Sciences Division of NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center and a unit of the Columbia University Earth Institute. The institute is located at Columbia University in New York City, research at the GISS emphasizes a broad study of Global Change, the natural and anthropogenic changes in our environment that affect the habitability of our planet. These effects may occur on greatly differing time scales, from one-time forcings such as explosions, to seasonal/annual effects such as El Niño. The Institutes research combines analysis of comprehensive global datasets, with models of atmospheric, land surface. Study of past climate change on Earth and of other planetary atmospheres provides a tool in assessing our general understanding of the atmosphere. GISS was established in May 1961 by Robert Jastrow to do research in space sciences in support of Goddard programs. Soon enough it became known as the Goddard Institute for Space Studies and it was separated from the Theoretical Division in July 1962. Its offices were located in The Interchurch Center, and the institute moved into Columbias Armstrong Hall in April 1966. From 1981 to 2013, GISS was directed by James E. Hansen, in June 2014, Gavin A. Schmidt was named the institutes third director. At a GISS workshop in 1967, John Wheeler popularized the term black hole as a short-hand for gravitionally completely collapsed star, though the term was not coined there. In November 2004, Climatologists Drew Shindell and Gavin Schmidt of NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, a key objective of Goddard Institute for Space Studies research is prediction of climate change in the 21st century. The research combines paleogeological record, analysis of comprehensive global datasets, with models of atmospheric, land surface. Climate science predictions are based substantially on historical analysis of Earths paleoclimate, changes in carbon dioxide associated with continental drift, and the decrease in volcanism as India arrived at the Asian continent, allowed temperatures to drop & Antarctic ice-sheets to form. This resulted in a 75m drop in sea level, allowing our present-day coastlines & habitats to form, the institute is housed at the corner of West 112th St. and Broadway in New York City in Columbia Universitys Armstrong Hall. The building also houses Toms Restaurant, which was the exterior for the restaurant in Seinfeld and the subject of the Suzanne Vega song Toms Diner
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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
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The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996 but has not entered into force as eight specific states have not ratified the treaty. The movement for control of nuclear weapons began in 1945, with a call from Canada. The plan, which would serve as the basis for United States nuclear policy into the 1950s, was rejected by the Soviet Union as a US ploy to cement its nuclear dominance. Between the Trinity nuclear test of 16 July 1945 and the signing of the Partial Test Ban Treaty on 5 August 1963,499 nuclear tests were conducted. Between 1945 and 1963, the US conducted 215 atmospheric tests, the Soviet Union conducted 219, the UK conducted 21, and France conducted three. In 1954, following the Castle Bravo test, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India issued the first appeal for an agreement on testing. Negotiations on a comprehensive test ban, primarily involved the US, UK, of primary concern throughout the negotiations, which would stretch with some interruptions to July 1963, was the system of verifying compliance with the test ban and detecting illicit tests. On the Western side, there were concerns that the Soviet Union would be able to circumvent any test ban and these fears were amplified following the US Rainier shot of 19 September 1957, which was the first contained underground test of a nuclear weapon. On the Soviet side, conversely, the on-site compliance inspections demanded by the US, disagreement over verification would lead to the Anglo-American and Soviet negotiators abandoning a comprehensive test ban in favor of a partial ban, which would be finalized on 25 July 1963. The PTBT, joined by 123 states following the three parties, banned detonations for military and civilian purposes underwater, in the atmosphere. On the one hand, enactment of the treaty was followed by a drop in the atmospheric concentration of radioactive particles. On the other hand, nuclear proliferation was not halted entirely, compared to the 499 tests from 1945 to the signing of the PTBT,436 tests were conducted over the ten years following the PTBT. Furthermore, US and Soviet underground testing continued venting radioactive gas into the atmosphere, additionally, though underground testing was generally safer than above-ground testing, underground tests continued to risk the leaking of radionuclides, including plutonium, into the ground. From 1964 through 1996, the year of the CTBTs adoption, the final non-underground test was conducted by China in 1980. The PTBT has been seen as a step towards the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty of 1968, under the NPT, non-nuclear weapon states were prohibited from possessing, manufacturing, and acquiring nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. All signatories, including nuclear weapon states, were committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament. In 1974, a step towards a comprehensive test ban was made with the Threshold Test Ban Treaty, ratified by the US and Soviet Union, which banned underground tests with yields above 150 kilotons
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Astrophysics
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Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space. Among the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and their emissions are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition. In practice, modern astronomical research often involves an amount of work in the realms of theoretical and observational physics. Although astronomy is as ancient as recorded history itself, it was separated from the study of terrestrial physics. Their challenge was that the tools had not yet been invented with which to prove these assertions, for much of the nineteenth century, astronomical research was focused on the routine work of measuring the positions and computing the motions of astronomical objects. Kirchhoff deduced that the lines in the solar spectrum are caused by absorption by chemical elements in the Solar atmosphere. In this way it was proved that the elements found in the Sun. Among those who extended the study of solar and stellar spectra was Norman Lockyer and he thus claimed the line represented a new element, which was called helium, after the Greek Helios, the Sun personified. By 1890, a catalog of over 10,000 stars had been prepared that grouped them into thirteen spectral types, most significantly, she discovered that hydrogen and helium were the principal components of stars. This discovery was so unexpected that her dissertation readers convinced her to modify the conclusion before publication, however, later research confirmed her discovery. By the end of the 20th century, studies of astronomical spectra had expanded to cover wavelengths extending from radio waves through optical, x-ray and it is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus. The majority of observations are made using the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio astronomy studies radiation with a greater than a few millimeters. The study of these waves requires very large radio telescopes, infrared astronomy studies radiation with a wavelength that is too long to be visible to the naked eye but is shorter than radio waves. Infrared observations are made with telescopes similar to the familiar optical telescopes. Objects colder than stars are studied at infrared frequencies. Optical astronomy is the oldest kind of astronomy, telescopes paired with a charge-coupled device or spectroscopes are the most common instruments used. The Earths atmosphere interferes somewhat with optical observations, so adaptive optics, in this wavelength range, stars are highly visible, and many chemical spectra can be observed to study the chemical composition of stars, galaxies and nebulae
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California Republican Party
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The California Republican Party is the California affiliate of the United States Republican Party. The party chairman is Jim Brulte, and is based in Burbank, California, the CRP also has a headquarters in Sacramento. The partys stated goals are to enhance economic prosperity within the state, cut taxes, the CRP is active throughout the entire state of California, and the party prides itself on providing common sense solutions to the most troubling issues. As of 2016 Republicans represent approximately 28% of the registered voters. Crime and justice—The California Republican Party supports the governments protecting the welfare of the people and creating fair, the party advocates victims rights under the position that the victim is just as important as the offender in a crime. They believe overcrowding is an issue that should be solved by the creation of both private and public prisons. The party also supports the use of punishment for heinous crimes. The party call for a cut on unnecessary spending in order to create government infrastructure that will boost the economy, the party also supports Right-to-work laws and opposes closed shop establishments. Education— The California Republican Party believes that all children have the right to a first-class education, the party supports parents and local school boards being the primary regulators of the education system. The party also supports incentives for quality educators and that school admission, the party also believes that unions have too much influence in Californias schools and that has caused the degradation of the curriculum and the marginalization of involvement by parents. Environment—The California Republican Party believes in long-term responsible stewardship of Californias natural resources, the party supports California industry being a world leader in developing and manufacturing safe, renewable and sustainable energy. The party also believes that city governments should be held to the standards of cleaning waste water as are applied to private industry. Equal Opportunity—We oppose quotas, special rights, set asides, or guaranteed equality of results and we support laws prohibiting discrimination in employment and housing based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, disability, or religion. Family values—We support the two-parent family as the best environment for raising children, the Supreme Courts ruling cannot and must not be used to coerce a church or religious institution into performing marriages that their faith does not recognize. We believe public policy and education should not be exploited to advocate or teach any social or political agenda, healthcare—The California Republican Party opposes government mandated health care plans and single payer plans. The party also opposes any government healthcare plan for California that would involve taxes on doctors or hospitals, coverage for illegal aliens, the party also supports private sector solutions such as small business insurance pools, employment pricing reductions, guaranteed insurability and medical savings accounts. Immigration—The California Republican Party contends that the state of California is rich in the history of immigration, English should be mandatory in the workplace and businesses should be able to require employees to speak the English and all immigrants should be required to learn the language. Illegal aliens should be deported if they engage in criminal activity, the party supports the government offering intensive English language instruction to all who need it, including stipends to help immigrants attend the programs
19.
Anthony Rendon (politician)
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Anthony Rendon is an American politician currently serving as the Speaker of the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 63rd Assembly District in southeastern Los Angeles County, Rendon was born on March 4,1968 in Silver Lake, a neighborhood in central Los Angeles. His grandparents immigrated from Mexico to the United States during the 1920s and he grew up in a lower-middle-class family that frequently moved around the Los Angeles area. His father, Tom Rendon, worked multiple jobs, including for a home company. Rendon attended California High School, Whittier, graduating in 1986 and he has stated that he was a terrible student who benefited from social safety net programs like affirmative action and food stamps. After receiving a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship, Rendon earned his Ph. D. in political science from the University of California, Riverside and he completed post-doctoral work at Boston University. He was also the executive director of the California League of Conservation Voters. He worked with the Mexican American Opportunity Foundation in early education efforts. From 2001 to 2008, he was a professor in the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice at California State University. In 2013, Rendon authored Assembly Bill 711, a ban on lead hunting ammunition. In 2015, Rendon was named chair of the Assembly Committee on Utilities, on September 3,2015, Rendon was selected to be the next Assembly Speaker. The formal vote electing Mr. Rendon as Speaker occurred on January 11, the vote was unanimous, with the Republican leader seconding the motion. Rendon has stated his intention to bring back the tradition of past California Assembly Speakers of carrying no legislation himself, in December 2014, Rendon married Annie Lam in a ceremony officiated by former California State Assembly Speaker John A. Pérez
20.
Kevin Mullin
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Kevin Mullin is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 22nd Assembly District, which encompasses most of the San Francisco Peninsula region, Mullin is currently serving as the Assembly Speaker Pro Tempore. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a Mayor, additionally, Mullin completed an executive leadership program at Harvard Universitys Kennedy School of Government. Prior to service as an official, Mullin was a local business owner, district director to then-Senator Jackie Speier. He previously served as director for then-State Senator Jackie Speier. As an entrepreneur, Mullin created KM2 Communications—a multimedia production business in South San Francisco and he produced public affairs programming seen on local television and hosted various programs seen on Peninsula-TV Channel 26. Mullin was elected to the South San Francisco City Council in 2007, in 2011, he served as mayor. Mullin also represented the cities of San Mateo County on the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, during his first term as Assembly member, Mullin served as Assistant Speaker pro Tempore. On December 1,2014, he was sworn in as Speaker pro-Tempore, in this role, he has presided regularly over Assembly floor sessions and continued as part of Speaker Toni G. Atkins leadership team. His legislative priorities will be to focus on a budget with a healthy rainy day fund, election reform, clean energy. Mullin lives in South San Francisco with his wife, Jessica Stanfill Mullin and he is the son of former Assemblymember Gene Mullin
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Ian Calderon
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Ian Charles Calderon is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 57th Assembly District, which encompasses the Gateway Cities and he is currently serving as the Assembly Majority Leader and is the youngest Majority Leader in the history of the State of California. He was also the first millennial ever elected to the California State Legislature, Calderon is a member of the California Latino Legislative Caucus, the founder of the California Millennial Caucus and the co-founder of the California Technology and Innovation Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a surfing champion and he is the son of former Assemblymember and State Senator Charles Calderon Official website Campaign website
22.
Brian Dahle
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Brian Dahle is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Republican representing the 1st district, encompassing the Shasta Cascade region, prior to being elected to the state assembly, he was a Lassen County supervisor for 12 years. In the 2016 California Primary Election, Brian Dahle Won The State Assembly reelection, district 1 Assemblyman Brian Dahle is a third-generation farmer, business owner, and four term Lassen County Supervisor. Brians family history back to the original homestead farm in the 1930s in the Tule Lake area of Siskiyou County. The present Lassen County farm was purchased in the 1940s by Brians grandparents and has remained in the family since that time, when his parents retired, Brian and his wife Megan purchased the farm, which now operates over 2,000 acres. In addition, Brian and Megan Dahle operate and manage Big Valley Seed, elected to the Lassen County Board of Supervisors in 1996, Brian has helped ensure that budget is balanced and that County is completely debt free. Lassen is one of just a handful of Counties without any debt, Brian has taken a leadership role in helping strengthen rural counties. He is the past Chair and current board member for the Regional Council of Rural Counties, where he has been a leading defender of the North States private property and water rights
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Kevin McCarty
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Kevin McCarty is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 7th Assembly District, which encompasses a portion of the Sacramento metropolitan area, McCarty is a member of the California Legislative Black Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, he was a Sacramento City Councilmember representing the 6th district, McCarty was born and raised in the Sacramento area. He graduated with a degree in science from CSU Long Beach and is working on a masters degree in public policy. He is a resident of the Elmhurst neighborhood, while on the City Council, McCarty worked as a legislative advocate for Preschool California. Representing many of Sacramentos older neighborhoods, McCarty has been a big advocate for safe housing and he is also known as a big advocate of gun control. He also works with creating after school programs for District 6 schools, Council member McCarty along with Darrell Fong voted against a $257 million subsidy to develop a downtown entertainment and sports complex for the Sacramento Kings. The 6th district includes the suburban College Greens and Glenbrook neighborhoods which are located in the edges of Sacramento. He also represents the Tahoe Park area and the neighborhoods that make up southeast Sacramento. In the 2004 election, McCarty faced John Boyd, the director of Shriners Hospital for Children, McCarty defeated him by a 62% to 38% margin. McCarty did not face any opposition in his 2008 reelection bid and he did gain notoriety as the lone city councilman who declined to take sides in the mayoral primary between Heather Fargo and Kevin Johnson. However, by the election, he decided to support Fargos unsuccessful reelection bid. In 2010, Assembly Member Dave Jones was term limited, McCarty lost a close primary election to Roger Dickinson, the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors member from District 1. In 2012, McCarty was challenged by information technology manager Mitch Netto and he easily won in the primary election by a 3 to 1 margin. In 2014, McCarty was elected to represent Californias 7th Assembly District, defeating fellow Sacramento City Councilmember Steve Cohn
24.
Ken Cooley
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Ken William Cooley is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 8th Assembly District, which encompasses most of eastern Sacramento County, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a Mayor and City Councilmember in Rancho Cordova. From 1977 to 1985, Cooley was chief of staff to Assemblymember Louis J. Papan, from 1985 to 1988, Cooley was legislative counsel at the California Land Title Association. In 1988, Cooley returned to the California State Assembly to be counsel to the Finance and Insurance Committee. Cooley was legal counsel to State Farm Insurance from 1991 to 2008
25.
Jim Cooper (California politician)
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James Jim Cooper is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 9th Assembly District, which portions of Sacramento. Cooper is a member of the California Legislative Black Caucus and Assistant Majority Floor Leader, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, he was an Elk Grove City Councilmember and Sacramento County sheriffs deputy. Official website Campaign website AB1681
26.
Marc Levine
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Marc Levine is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 10th Assembly District, which encompasses the North San Francisco Bay Area, Levine is the current Chair of the California Legislative Jewish Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a San Rafael City Councilmember, marc Levine served on the San Rafael City Council, and gained a reputation for innovative environmental policies and pragmatic solutions. Levines election to the Assembly in 2012 was an upset, in which he prevailed despite being outspent 5-to-1 by a fellow Democrat. Levine was reelected to the Assembly in 2014 by nearly a three-to-one margin, Levine lives in Marin County with his wife Wendy and their two children. Levine has stated, Immigrants are welcome and we will do everything we can to help them achieve legal status, in 2015, he took action by authoring two immigration bills— both of which were signed by Governor Brown. AB899 safeguards the privacy of immigrant children by requiring federal immigration officials to obtain an order before accessing juvenile records. AB900 helps unaccompanied minor immigrants who are escaping violence and exploitation to receive humanitarian relief through the Special Immigrant Juvenile Status visa process, Levine worked with legislative leaders and Governor Brown to pass legislation providing $3 million in legal aid for those immigrants
27.
Jim Frazier (politician)
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James L. Frazier, Jr. is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 11th Assembly District, which encompasses the western Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was an Oakley City Councilmember and Mayor. During his first term, Fraziers legislation focused on roadway safety and he authored Assembly Bill 1113, concerning provisional drivers licenses, which sought to strengthen teen driver-licensing programs and improve the safety of the roadways. He also authored Assembly Bill 417, which lessened the processes needed to authorize bike lanes in urbanized areas and he authored Assembly Bill 513, which expands the use of rubberized asphalt in roads and other transportation projects. And he authored Assembly Bill 1336, which provides the state with added enforcement powers necessary to ensure that workers are paid mandated wages, during the 2014-15 legislative session, Frazier served as Chair of the Assembly Transportation Committee
28.
Susan Eggman
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Susan Talamantes Eggman is an American politician who is currently serving in the California State Assembly. A Democrat, she represents the 13th Assembly District, which encompasses western San Joaquin County, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, she was a Stockton City Councilmember and associate professor of social work at California State University, Sacramento. Eggman is openly lesbian and is a member of the California Legislative LGBT Caucus and she is also a member of the California Latino Legislative Caucus. Eggman grew up in Stanislaus County, attending Turlock High School before heading to California State University, Stanislaus and she later earned a Ph. D in social work from Portland State University
29.
Tony Thurmond
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Tony K. Thurmond is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. A Democrat, he represents the 15th Assembly District, which encompasses the northern East Bay, Thurmond is a member of the California Legislative Latino Caucus, California Legislative Black Caucus, and California Legislative Jewish Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, he was a member of the Richmond City Council, a Board Member of the West Contra Costa Unified School District, Thurmond was born in Monterey, California. He lived in San Jose, California, where he was raised by a single mother, tonys mother lost her battle to cancer in 1974, when Tony was 6. After, he moved to Philadelphia, where he was adopted and raised by his cousin and his cousin and step-father were both campus police officers for more than two decades and very active in union life. He is a graduate of Temple University, where he was student body president and he earned dual masters degrees in Law and Social Policy and Social Work from Bryn Mawr College. Thurmond’s first experience in office was as president of the student body at Temple University. Before being elected to the California State Assembly in 2014, Thurmond was a member of the West Contra Costa School Board from 2008 to 2012, Thurmond was the council liaison to the West Contra Costa County Unified School District and the West Contra Costa County Education Fund. He also served as liaison to Richmond’s Youth Commission and Workforce Investment Board. He was a member of the Family and Childrens Trust Committee of Contra Costa County, Thurmond ran first for the District 15 Assembly seat in 2008, coming in second out of four candidates. He ran again in 2014, this time winning 54. 3% of the vote and he was re-elected in 2016 with 89. 4% of the vote. Thurmond is a member of the California Legislative Black Caucus, California Latino Legislative Caucus, and the California Legislative Jewish Caucus. Thurmond’s first bill to be signed into law was AB1375 and this credit had not been adjusted since its inception in 1976, this bill adjusts it for inflation and the minimum wage. Thurmond’s AB1496 requires the California Air Resources Board to measure, AB1343 helps ensure due process for defendants who are immigrants, it was part of a package of legislation focused on protecting undocumented immigrants. AB768 bans use or possession of tobacco products in California’s five professional baseball stadiums. AB 2X-9, the Tobacco-Free Schools Act, co-authored by Thurmond and Assemblymember Adrin Nazarian and this bill also mandates that schools post signs reading “tobacco use is prohibited” at entrances. Tony Thurmond received a score of 100% on both the Equality California and California League of Conservation Voters legislative score cards for 2016, Thurmond has held leadership positions with several nonprofit social service organizations. At the Golden Gate Regional Center, he was a program manager leading service provision to individuals with developmental disabilities, in 2012 he began to serve as the Senior Director of Community and Government Relations at Lincoln Child Center
30.
David Chiu (politician)
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David Chiu is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 17th Assembly District, which encompasses the eastern half of San Francisco, Chiu is a member of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus. The eldest child of Hakka Taiwanese American immigrant parents, Chiu was born in Cleveland, Ohio and grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, where he attended Boston College High School. In the mid-1990s, Chiu served as Democratic Counsel to the U. S. Senate Judiciary Committee’s Constitution Subcommittee and he later founded Grassroots Enterprise, an online communications technology company, and served as its chief operating officer. He also served on the San Francisco Small Business Commission until he was elected supervisor in 2008, Chiu first ran for elected office in 2008, when he ran for a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 3. He was backed by incumbent supervisor Aaron Peskin as well as Kamala Harris, Mark Leno, Leland Yee, on his first day in office on January 8,2009, Chiu was elected to a two-year term as president of the Board of Supervisors. He was reelected president on January 8,2011, Chiu was reelected to his second and final term as supervisor in 2012, winning over 75% of the vote. He was later reelected by his supervisors to serve an unprecedented third term as president of the board on January 8,2013. In addition to serving on the Board of Supervisors, Chiu also served as a member of the San Francisco Democratic County Central Committee, on February 28,2011, Chiu announced his mayoral candidacy at a morning rally at San Francisco City Hall. Over the course of the campaign, Chiu raised over $1.24 million from private and public sources and spent roughly the same amount. On Election Day, Chiu placed fourth behind incumbent Ed Lee with 17,921 first-place votes, despite the fourth-place finish, Chiu, Lee, and third-place candidate Dennis Herrera appeared individually on more ballots overall than John Avalos, who came in second. He ran against fellow Democrat and supervisor David Campos, on January 22,2014, the San Francisco Chronicle column City Insider reported that Chiu reported having raised $450,000 for the Assembly race. Polls showed him ahead of Campos, Chiu beat Campos in the San Francisco primary on Tuesday, June 3,2014, by approximately five percentage points. Chiu won 48% of the vote, while Campos pulled in 43%, on November 4, Chiu defeated Campos with 51. 9% of the vote, and Campos conceded on November 6. David Chiu was appointed by Speaker Toni Atkins to serve as assistant speaker pro tempore in the 2015–16 session, the assistant speaker pro tempore is the third highest ranking position in the state assembly
31.
Rob Bonta
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Rob Bonta is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 18th Assembly District, encompasses the central East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was an Alameda City Councilmember. He is the current Chair of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus, Bonta was the first Filipino-American ever elected to the California Legislature. Bonta is an alumnus of Bella Vista High School in Fair Oaks, bontas mother, Cynthia Bonta, helped organize Filipino and Mexican American farmworkers for the United Farm Workers. Official website Campaign website Official Facebook page
32.
Phil Ting
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Ting is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 19th Assembly District, which encompasses western San Francisco, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was the Assessor-Recorder of San Francisco. He is the current Vice-Chair of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus, in 2016, he became the first API assemblymember to serve as Chair of the powerful Assembly Budget Committee. Phil Ting began his career as a real estate financial adviser at Arthur Andersen and he also previously served as the executive director of the Asian Law Caucus, as the president of the Bay Area Assessors Association, and on the board of Equality California. Phil Ting was appointed San Francisco Assessor-Recorder in 2005 by then-Mayor Gavin Newsom, as Assessor-Recorder, Ting cleared a five-year assessment backlog, which resulted in the collection of more than $200 million in unpaid property taxes. In February 2012, Ting commissioned the country’s first real study of mortgage fraud that spurred national action, specifically, Ting commissioned an audit of nearly 400 homes in the city that had been foreclosed upon in 2009-2011. Ting ran in the San Francisco Mayoral election of 2011 but was defeated by incumbent Mayor Ed Lee, the following year, in 2012, he was elected to the California State Assembly. In 2014, Ting announced his support for a million property tax-break for large corporations in San Franciscos Mid-Market District. The tax-break was killed due to Tings actions drawing the anger of veteran organizations, a Democrat, Ting represents the states 19th District, which includes the west side of San Francisco, in addition to Broadmoor, Colma, Daly City, and South San Francisco. Ting is currently Chair of the Assembly Committee on Budget and is first Asian-American to hold the position and he previously served as Chair of the Assembly Committee on Revenue and Taxation and Chair of the Assembly Democratic Caucus. Ting is a graduate of UC Berkeley and John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and he lives in San Franciscos Sunset District with his wife and their two daughters. His parents are immigrants from Taiwan
33.
Adam Gray
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Gray is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 21st Assembly District, encompassing all of Merced County, according to Grays state website, he was born and raised in Merced working at his grandfathers local business, Merced Dairy Supply. He graduated from Golden Valley High School and then attended Merced Community College before earning his bachelors in political science from University of California at Santa Barbara, according to Grays state website, he returned to Merced to work with then Assemblymember, and former Congressman, Dennis Cardoza. At the time, farmers were plagued with soaring prices, rolling blackouts, low rainfall. Gray helped exempt fuel and farm equipment from the sales tax, otherwise known as the “Tractor Tax, ” which encouraged farmers to upgrade their equipment. He also worked on legislation to tax incentives to small businesses. He also worked on legislation that provides tax credits to first-time homebuyers, in July 2013, Gray testified in the federal investigation involving the public corruption charges against state Sen. Ron Calderon, D-Montebello. In August 2014, Gray paid a $2,000 fine for failing to report a non-monetary gift made to his campaign in 2011 by the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, Gray first assumed office in the California State Assembly in November 2012. He defeated his opponent by a margin of 58. 2% -41. 8%, in the 2014 primary election, Gray received 95. 3% of the vote. In October 2013, Gray was cited by multiple sources for assisting the residents of a mobile home park in Santa Nella, California. When a fire destroyed the source for more than 30 homes, Gray organized an effort with local electrical workers to have the necessary parts. Gray was honored as a special guest when the project broke ground on August 15,2014, in September 2014, Gray was named the California Rifle and Pistol Association - Outstanding Legislator of the Year. AB793 – Merced Irrigation District Electricity Rates, Gray and Cannella jointly introduced legislation to ensure Merced Irrigation District customers did not experience electricity rate increases resulting from new hydro-electric power regulations. The legislation was signed into law which prohibits new regulations from increasing the prices paid by MID energy customers from New Exchequer Dam, ACR154 – Modesto City Schools World Geography World Religions Class. Gray introduced legislation to bring recognition to the efforts of Modesto City Schools course in world geography, according to The Modesto Bee, the district is believed to be the only public school district in the nation to require a class on world religions. AB1545 – Gun Owner Protection, Gray introduced legislation to provide otherwise law-abiding gun owners with a path to register guns that were obtained or transferred without the facilitation of a licensed dealer. The bill allows gun owners to declare their firearm for late registration. AB1004 and AB2121 – Law Enforcement Efficiency, Gray lives in Merced with his wife Cadee, and is the son-in-law of former assemblymember and congressman Gary Condit
34.
Jim Patterson (California politician)
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James Norwood Jim Patterson is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Republican representing the 23rd district, which encompasses eastern Fresno County, prior to being elected to the state assembly, he was a business executive, broadcaster, public speaker, and is the former mayor of Fresno, California. Patterson was mayor of Fresno between 1993 and 2001, succeeding Karen Humphrey, and being succeeded by Alan Autry, Patterson ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 21st congressional district, a district with new boundaries created through reapportionment after the 2000 United States census. His opponents were State Assemblyman Mike Briggs and Devin Nunes, the California State Director for the United States Department of Agricultures Rural Development section, Patterson came in second place to Nunes, who would eventually win the general election. Patterson ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 19th congressional district and he finished a close second in the June 8,2010 primary to California State Senator Jeff Denham, who won the general election. List of mayors of Fresno, California Official website Campaign website
35.
Kansen Chu
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Kansen Chu is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 25th Assembly District, which parts of the South. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, Chu was a San Jose City Councilmember representing District 4 and he is a member of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus. He was the first Taiwanese-American elected to the San Jose City Council, in 2000, Chu was defeated by now Mayor Chuck Reed for the District 4 council seat. In 2002, Kansen Chu was elected to the Berryessa Union School Board, as a school board member, he championed stronger curricula, better education materials, and improved public access to school board meetings. He continues to serve on the board of Vision New America, dedicated to advancing youth involvement in civics, born in 1952 in Taiwan, Mr. Chu moved to the United States in 1976. Professionally, Kansen has a Masters in Electrical Engineering from Cal State Northridge, Kansen and Daisy have been married for 30 years and they have two children, Ann and Walt
