Birch
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A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech-oak family Fagacea
Betula pendula 001
The front and rear view of a piece of birch bark
Birch leaves
A birch-curtain in November in Ystad
Birching
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Birching is a form of corporal punishment with a birch rod, typically used to strike the recipient's bare buttocks, although occasionally the back and/or shoulders.
Birch
…seasoning the woolen, hemp or linen sails and hemp rope of traditional Norwegian boats. Birch twigs bound in a bundle, also called birch, were used for birching, a form of corporal punishment. Many Native Americans in the United States and Indigenous peoples in Canada prize the birch for its bark, which because…
Birching of a prison inmate during interrogation; The Netherlands, 17th century
A magistrate's committal for birching of two children dated 4 December 1899 displayed in West Midlands Police Museum, Sparkhill, Birmingham, England
Birching in a women's prison, US (c. 1890)
1839 caricature by George Cruikshank of a school flogging