A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block.
Aluminium (metal), atomic number 13
Silicon (metalloid), atomic number 14
Phosphorus (nonmetal), atomic number 15
The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences. It is a depiction of the periodic law, which states that when the elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers an approximate recurrence of their properties is evident. The table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks. Elements in the same group tend to show similar chemical characteristics.
Liquid mercury. Its liquid state at standard conditions is the result of relativistic effects.
Graphite and diamond, two allotropes of carbon
Iron, a metal
Sulfur, a nonmetal