1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Dog
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The domestic dog is a member of genus Canis that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant carnivore. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, the dog was the first domesticated species and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Their long association with humans has led dogs to be attuned to human behavior. Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colours, dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This influence on society has given them the sobriquet mans best friend. The term domestic dog is used for both domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, the term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce. The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga frog, picga pig, stagga stag, wicga beetle, worm, the term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary. In 14th-century England, hound was the word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound. It is believed this dog type was so common, it became the prototype of the category hound. By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, the word hound is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon-, dog. This semantic shift may be compared with in German, where the corresponding words Dogge, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam, the process of birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp, the modern English word whelp is an alternate term for puppy. A litter refers to the offspring at one birth which are called puppies or pups from the French poupée, doll. The term dog typically is applied both to the species as a whole, and any male member of the same. An adult female is a bitch, in some countries, especially in North America, dog is used instead due to the vulgar connotation of bitch. An adult male capable of reproduction is a stud, an adult female capable of reproduction is a brood bitch, or brood mother. Immature males or females are pups or puppies, a group of pups from the same gestation period is a litter
3.
Working dog
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A working dog is a canine working animal, i. e. a type of dog that is not merely a pet but learns and performs tasks to assist and/or entertain its human companions, or a breed of such origin. In Australia and New Zealand, a dog is one which has been trained to work livestock. Within this general description, however, there are ways in which the phrase is used. To identify any dog that performs actions on a basis to assist people. In this context, a dog that helps a rancher manage cattle or that performs stunts for a trainer who receives pay for its acts is a working dog and this might be in comparison to a companion dog, whose purpose is primarily as a pet. To distinguish between dogs that are bred for appearance primarily to win conformation shows and working dogs that are bred primarily for their ability to perform a task and it is also possible that a specimen may excel in both appearance and performance. In many FCI countries it is impossible for some working breeds dogs to become conformation champions without having passed adequate breed specific tests measuring their working abilities, for some breeds, there are separate registries for tracking the ancestry of working and show dogs. As a catch-all for dog breeds whose original purpose was to perform tasks that do not fit into a specific category of work. For example, until 1983 herding dogs were part of the Working Group, the Herding Group was created when the Working Group became too large. Today, the American Kennel Club uses Working Dogs to describe breeds who were bred for jobs other than herding or hunting. Such jobs might include pulling carts, guarding and so on, however, in practice these show dogs under the AKC are not proper working dogs, and would indeed not be suitable for use as such. Many true working breeds are very valuable as working dogs. An example of such a breed is the Anatolian Shepherd, without which many sheep would be destroyed for example by wolves, feral dogs, and in Namibia. Although most modern dogs are kept as pets, there are still a number of ways in which dogs can and do assist humans. The following list provides an idea of the versatility of dogs, Turnspit dogs were used as a source of power, similar arrangements were used for household duties such as churning butter. Dogs were used as draught animals to pull small carts for farms, peddlers, or travellers, to deliver mail and they were used in World War I to pull small field guns. Dogs in harness sometimes had guard dogs to protect them from stray dogs, Service or assistance dogs help people with various disabilities in every day tasks. Some examples include mobility assistance dogs for the handicapped, guide dogs for the visually impaired
4.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
5.
Rick Perry
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James Richard Rick Perry is an American politician who is the 14th and current United States Secretary of Energy, serving in the Trump Administration. Perry previously served as the 47th Governor of Texas from December 2000 to January 2015, a Republican, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was the governor in Texas history. Perry was elected three times to full terms and is the fourth Texas governor to serve three terms. With a tenure in office of 14 years,30 days, Perry was, at the time he left office, Perry ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2012 and 2016. On December 14,2016, Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate the longtime Texas governor as his Secretary of Energy, on March 2,2017, he was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 62–37 vote. Perrys ancestry is almost entirely English, dating as far back as the original Thirteen Colonies and his family has been in Texas since before the Texas Revolution. His father, a Democrat, was a long-time Haskell County commissioner, Perry has said that his interest in politics probably began in November 1961, when his father took him to the funeral of U. S. Perry was in the Boy Scouts and earned the rank of Eagle Scout, the BSA has honored Perry with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. Perry graduated from Paint Creek High School in 1968 and he graduated in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science in animal science. Perry said that the Corps of Cadets gave him the discipline to complete his animal sciences degree, I would have hit the fraternity scene and lasted about one semester. In the early 1970s, Perry interned during several summers with the Southwestern Company, I count my time working for Dortch Oldham as one of the most important formative experiences of my life, Perry said in 2010. There is nothing that tests your commitment to a goal like getting a few doors closed in your face. He said that Mr. Oldham taught legions of people to communicate quickly, clearly and with passion. Upon graduation from college in 1972, Perry was commissioned as an officer in the United States Air Force and he was then assigned as a C-130 pilot to the 772nd Tactical Airlift Squadron at Dyess Air Force Base. Perrys duties included two-month overseas rotations at RAF Mildenhall in England and his missions included a 1974 U. S. State Department drought relief effort in Mali, Mauritania and Chad, and two years later, earthquake relief in Guatemala. He left the United States Air Force in 1977 with the rank of Captain, returned to Texas, in 1984, Perry was elected to the Texas House of Representatives as a Democrat from district 64, which included his home county of Haskell. He served on the House Appropriations and Calendars committees during his three terms in office
6.
Withers
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The withers is the ridge between the shoulder blades of an animal, typically a quadruped. In many species it is the tallest point of the body, the withers in horses are formed by the dorsal spinal processes of roughly the 3rd through 11th thoracic vertebrae, which are unusually long in this area. The processes at the withers can be more than 12 inches long, since they do not move relative to the ground, the withers are used as the measuring point for the height of a horse. Horses are commonly measured in hands – one hand is 4 inches, horse heights are extremely variable, from small pony breeds to large draft breeds. The height at the withers of an average Thoroughbred is 16 hands, the withers of the horse are considered in evaluating conformation. Generally, a horse should have well-defined withers, as they are considered an important attachment point for the muscles of the torso, more importantly, the dorsal spinal processes provide an attachment for the muscles that support the shoulder and neck. Horses do not have a clavicle, so the shoulder can freely rotate backwards, if the vertebrae of the withers are long, the shoulder is more free to move backwards. This allows for an increase of stride length, therefore, the withers have a direct impact on one of the most important points of conformation, the shoulder. In dogs, the height of the withers is often used to determine the dogs jump height in various dog sports and it is also often a determining factor in whether the dog conforms to the show-quality standards for its breed. Zebras have very low withers, making it far more difficult for a saddle to stay in place, inflammation of the bursae in this region is called fistulous withers
7.
Herding dog
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A herding dog, also known as a stock dog or working dog, is a type of pastoral dog that either has been trained in herding or belongs to breeds developed for herding. Their ability to be trained to act on the sound of a whistle or word of command is renowned throughout the world, collies are recommended as herding dogs. All herding behavior is modified predatory behavior, dogs can work other animals in a variety of ways. Other breeds, notably the Border Collie, get in front of the animals and use what is called strong eye to stare down the animals, the headers or fetching dogs keep livestock in a group. They consistently go to the front or head of the animals to turn or stop the animals movement, the heelers or driving dogs keep pushing the animals forward. Typically, they stay behind the herd, the Australian Kelpie and Australian Koolie use both these methods and also run along the backs of sheep so are said to head, heel, and back. Other types such as the Australian Shepherd, English Shepherd and Welsh Sheepdog are moderate to loose eyed, the New Zealand Huntaway uses its loud, deep bark to muster mobs of sheep. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured when introducing a dog to livestock or at noncompetitive herding tests, individuals exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials. In Australia, New Zealand and the United States herding dogs are known as working dogs irrespective of their breeding, commonly mustered animals include cattle, sheep, goats and reindeer, although it is not unusual for poultry to be handled by dogs. Although herding dogs may guard flocks their primary purpose is to move them, in general terms when categorizing dog breeds, herding dogs are considered a subcategory of working dogs, but for conformation shows they usually form a separate group. Australia has the worlds largest cattle stations and sheep stations and some of the herding dogs, such as the Koolie, Kelpie, Red and Blue Heelers are bred. Such events are associated with hill farming areas, where sheep range widely on largely unfenced land. In the US, regular events are run by the United States Border Collie Handlers Association, Australian Shepherd Club of America, American Kennel Club and many others. The world record price for a sheep dog was broken February 2011 at the auction at Skipton Market, England. The previous record was £5,145 Come-bye or just bye - go to the left of the stock, away to me, or just away or way - go to the right of the stock, or counterclockwise around them. Stand - stop, although when said gently may also mean just to slow down, wait, down or sit - stop. Steady or take time - slow down, cast - gather the stock into a group. Good working dogs will cast over a large area, a good dog will hold the stock until the shepherd arrives
8.
Trapping
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Animal trapping, or simply trapping, is the use of a device to remotely catch an animal. Animals may be trapped for a variety of purposes, including food, the fur trade, hunting, pest control, neolithic hunters, including the members of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture of Romania and Ukraine, used traps to capture their prey. A passage from the book by Taoist philosopher Zhuangzi describes Chinese methods used for trapping animals during the 4th century BC. The Zhuangzi reads, The sleek-furred fox and the spotted leopard. cant seem to escape the disaster of nets. The first mention comes from Leonard Mascalls book on animal trapping and it reads, a griping trappe made all of yrne, the lowest barre, and the ring or hoope with two clickets. The mousetrap, with a spring device spring mounted on a wooden base, was first patented by William C. Hooker of Abingdon, Illinois. Native Americans trapped fur bearing animals with pits, dead falls, trapping was widespread in the early days of North American settlements, and companies such as the Canadian fur brigade were established. In the 18th century blacksmiths manually built leghold traps, and by the mid-19th century trap companies manufacturing traps and fur stretchers, the monarchs and trading companies of Europe invested heavily in voyages of exploration. The race was on to establish trading posts with the natives of North America, as trading posts could also function as forts, the Hudsons Bay Company was one such business. They traded commodities such as rifles, pistols, knives, food, frying pans, pots, Trappers and mountain men were the first European men to cross the Great Plains to the Rocky Mountains in search of fur. They traded with Native Americans from whom they learned hunting and trapping skills, beaver was one of the main animals of interest to the trappers as the fur wore well in coats and hats. Beaver hats became popular in the early 19th century but later the fashion changed, towards the end of the century beaver became scarce in many areas and locally extinct in others. The decline in key species of fur-bearers, due to over-harvesting, many trappers turned to buffalo hunting, serving as scouts for the army or leading wagon trains to the American west. The trails that trappers used to get through the mountains were used by settlers heading west. Trapping is carried out for a variety of reasons, originally it was for food, fur and other animal products. Trapping has since expanded to encompass pest control, wildlife management, the pet trade. Many locations where trading took place were referred to as trading posts, much trading occurred along the Hudson River area in the early 1600s. In some locations in the US and in parts of southern and western Europe
9.
Boar hunting
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Boar hunting is generally the practice of hunting wild boars, but can also extend to feral pigs and peccaries. A full-sized boar is a large, powerful animal, often having sharp tusks which it uses to defend itself, Boar hunting has often been a test of bravery. The wild boar is the species of the domestic pig. It is native much of Central Europe, the Mediterranean Region and much of Asia as far south as Indonesia. Currently, wild boars are hunted both for their meat and to any damage they may cause to crops and forests. A charging boar is considered exceptionally dangerous quarry, due to its hide and dense bones. Hunters have reported being butted up into trees by boars that have taken a glancing shot. Pigsticking was a form of boar hunting done by individuals, or groups of spearmen on foot or on horseback using a specialized boar spear. The boar spear was sometimes fitted with a guard to stop the enraged animal driving its pierced body further down the shaft in order to attack its killer before dying. In India, pigsticking was popular among the Jatts, Gujjars, Rajputs, Sikhs, Maharajas, according to the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, it was encouraged by military authorities as good training because a startled or angry wild boar is. A desperate fighter the pig-sticker must possess a good eye, a hand, a firm seat, a cool head. To those who condemned it, he said Try it before you judge, yes, hog-hunting is a brutal sport—and yet I loved it, as I loved also the fine old fellow I fought against. Michael Rosenthal quotes him as saying Not only is pig-sticking the most exciting, in Persia aristocratic hunters used elephants to chase the boars and encircle them in marshland. The hunter would then use a bow to shoot the boars from a boat, elephants carried the bodies to the hunting camp. The rock reliefs of scenes have remained largely intact in Taq-e Bostan. Hunting dogs have been used to hunt boar since ancient times, Boar hunting dogs are loosely divided into two categories, bay dogs, and catch dogs. Bay dogs harass and harry the boar, keeping it cornered in one place and this behaviour is known as baying or keeping the boar at bay. The bay dogs barking alerts the hunters to the bay, so that the hunter may catch up, sometimes the boar is tied up to be killed and cleaned later, as the meat of a dead boar deteriorates very quickly
10.
Dog agility
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Dog agility is a dog sport in which a handler directs a dog through an obstacle course in a race for both time and accuracy. Dogs run off leash with no food or toys as incentives, consequently, the handlers controls are limited to voice, movement, and various body signals, requiring exceptional training of the animal and coordination of the handler. In its simplest form, an agility course consists of a set of standard obstacles laid out by a judge in a design of his or her own choosing in an area of a specified size, the surface may be of grass, dirt, rubber, or special matting. Depending on the type of competition, the obstacles may be marked with numbers indicating the order in which they must be completed, courses are complicated enough that a dog could not complete them correctly without human direction. In competition, the handler must assess the course, decide on handling strategies, many strategies exist to compensate for the inherent difference in human and dog speeds and the strengths and weaknesses of the various dogs and handlers. Because each course is different, handlers are allowed a short walk-through before the competition starts, the handler tends to run a path much different from the dogs path, so the handler can sometimes spend quite a bit of time planning for what is usually a quick run. Printed maps of the agility course, called course maps, are made available to the handlers before they run. The course map contains icons indicating the position and orientation of all the obstacles, course maps were originally drawn by hand, but nowadays courses are created using various computer programs. Each dog and handler team gets one opportunity together to attempt to complete the course successfully, the dog begins behind a starting line and, when instructed by his handler, proceeds around the course. The handler typically runs near the dog, directing the dog with spoken commands and with body language. Because speed counts as much as accuracy, especially at higher levels of competition, scoring of runs is based on how many faults are incurred. The regulations of different organizations specify somewhat different rules and dimensions for the construction of obstacles, however, the basic form of most obstacles is the same wherever they are used. Obstacles include the following, Jump Two uprights supporting a horizontal bar over which the dog jumps, the height is adjusted for dogs of different heights. The uprights can be simple stanchions or can have wings of various shapes, sizes, double and Triple Jump Two uprights supporting two or three horizontal bars spread forward or back from each other. The double can have parallel or ascending horizontal bars, the triple always has ascending bars, the spread between the horizontal bars is sometimes adjusted based on the height of the dog. Broad Jump A set of four or five slightly raised platforms that form an area over which the dog must jump without setting their feet on any of the platforms. The length of the jump is adjusted for the dogs height, tire Jump A torus shape that is roughly the size of a tire and suspended in a frame. The dog must jump through the opening of the tire, like other jumps, the tire is usually wrapped with tape both for visibility and to cover any openings or uneven places in which the dog could catch
11.
Kentucky
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Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
12.
English Shepherd
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Subsistence farmers appreciated the breed for their versatility and not for their flash or strict conformation to a standard of appearance. The English Shepherd is an intelligent, all-around farm dog, being used as a herding dog, livestock guardian, farm watch dog, hunting dog, vermin eradicator. English Shepherds were not bred to be specialized to work one type of livestock as some recent herding dogs have been and it may have been the most common breed in America during the 19th and early 20th century. English Shepherds are similar in appearance to Border Collies and Australian Shepherds, English Shepherds usually have tails and a less rounded head than many Aussies. English Shepherds are never merle as Aussies frequently are and they are generally not square in body like an Aussie. English Shepherds tend to be larger than Border Collies but are most readily distinguished from Border Collies by their very different upright, the English Shepherd is a medium-sized dog, usually somewhat longer than it is tall. It generally weighs between 20 to 30 kilograms and is balanced in proportions, as a working dog on small farms, English Shepherds have been selected to fulfill a variety of needs. This has resulted in a range of regional variations. The coat is medium length and can be straight, wavy, there is frequently feathering on the legs and tail, as well as on the ear. As a working dog, the coat should be easy to keep, dirt tends to just fall away. English shepherds tend to shed quite a lot and fur may be found on and under furniture, clothes, the primary coat colors are, sable and white, tricolor, black and white, and black and tan. Other variations such as dogs of any color, piebalds. The English Shepherd temperament is the characteristic of the breed, with high intelligence and often a unique type of kindness for those in his home. The English Shepherd is often an independent worker, English Shepherds are adaptable and learn routines quickly. Some can be watchful of strangers and are more one-person dogs, however, once he accepts people or children or stock as his own, there are few better caretakers than an English Shepherd. The English Shepherd frequently exhibits an independent, bossy or enforcer of the streak in his temperament. If the dogs desire to order is not channeled and directed to a suitable end by a strong, confident leader. Nevertheless, English shepherds can thrive as companion dogs in environments that provide sufficient mental and physical stimulation, English Shepherds require a lot of exercise and may become destructive if not provided enough
