1.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
2.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
3.
Management
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Management is the administration of an organization, whether it be a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. The term management may also refer to the people who manage an organization, management is also an academic discipline, a social science whose objective is to study social organization and organizational leadership. Individuals who aim at becoming management researchers or professors may complete the Doctor of Business Administration or the PhD in business administration or management, in larger organizations, there are generally three levels of managers, which are typically organized in a hierarchical, pyramid structure. Senior managers provide direction to the managers who report to them. Middle managers, examples of which would include branch managers, regional managers and section managers, middle managers communicate the strategic goals of senior management to the front-line managers. Lower managers, such as supervisors and front-line team leaders, oversee the work of regular employees, in smaller organizations, the roles of managers have much wider scopes. A manager can perform several roles or even all of the commonly observed in a large organization. There are many smaller organizations than larger ones. Views on the definition and scope of management include, According to Henri Fayol, to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate, fredmund Malik defines it as the transformation of resources into utility. Management included as one of the factors of production - along with machines, materials, peter Drucker saw the basic task of management as twofold, marketing and innovation. Nevertheless, innovation is also linked to marketing, peter Drucker identifies marketing as a key essence for business success, but management and marketing are generally understood as two different branches of business administration knowledge. Management involves identifying the mission, objective, procedures, rules and this implies effective communication, an enterprise environment implies human motivation and implies some sort of successful progress or system outcome. As such, management is not the manipulation of a mechanism, not the herding of animals, management does not need to be seen from enterprise point of view alone, because management is an essential function to improve ones life and relationships. Management is therefore everywhere and it has a range of application. Based on this, management must have humans, communication, plans, measurements, motivational psychological tools, goals, and economic measures may or may not be necessary components for there to be management. At first, one views management functionally, such as measuring quantity, adjusting plans and this applies even in situations where planning does not take place. Critics, however, find this definition useful but far too narrow, one habit of thought regards management as equivalent to business administration and thus excludes management in places outside commerce, as for example in charities and in the public sector. More broadly, every organization must manage its work, people, processes, technology, nonetheless, many people refer to university departments that teach management as business schools
4.
Brian Epstein
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Brian Samuel Epstein was an English music entrepreneur, best known for managing the Beatles. Epstein first discovered the Beatles in November 1961 during a lunchtime Cavern Club performance and he was instantly impressed and saw great potential in the group. Epstein was rejected by all major recording companies in London, until he secured a meeting with George Martin. In May 1962, Martin agreed to sign the Beatles, partly because of Epsteins conviction that the group would become internationally famous, the Beatles early success has been attributed to Epsteins management style, and the band trusted him without hesitation. In addition to handling the Beatles business affairs, Epstein often stepped in to mediate disputes within the group. The Beatles unquestioning loyalty to Epstein later proved detrimental, as the band rarely read contracts before signing them, Music publisher Dick James and his partner Charles Silver owned 51-percent of the company, Lennon and McCartney each owned 20%, and Epstein owned 9%. By 1969, Lennon and McCartney had lost control of all publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing, still, Epsteins death in 1967 marked the beginning of the groups dissolution and had a profound effect on each Beatle. In 1997, Paul McCartney said, If anyone was the Fifth Beatle, Epstein was Jewish, his grandfather Isaac Epstein was from Lithuania and had arrived in Britain in the 1890s at the age of eighteen. His grandmother Dinah was the daughter of Joseph and Esther Hyman, the Hymans had six more children. Isaac Epstein married Dinah Hyman in Manchester in 1900, in 1901, Isaac and Dinah were living at 80 Walton Road, Liverpool with Isaacs sister Rachael Epstein, above the furniture dealership that he founded. Dinah and Isaacs third child was Harry Epstein, Brian Epsteins father, eventually the family moved to a larger home at 27 Anfield Road, Liverpool. After Harry and his brother Leslie had joined the family firm, Epstein and Sons and enlarged his furniture business by taking over adjacent shops at 62/72 Walton Road to sell a range of other goods, such as musical instruments and household appliances. They called the expanding business NEMS, which offered lenient credit terms, Epsteins mother Malka was also involved in the Hyman furniture business, which also owned the Sheffield Veneering Company. In 2003, the home on Anfield Road was converted into a Beatles-themed hotel called Epstein House. Epstein was born on 19 September 1934 in Rodney Street, Liverpool, Harry and Queenie also had another son named Clive who was born 22 months after his older brother. During World War II, the Epsteins moved to Southport—where two schools expelled Epstein for laziness and poor performance—but returned to Liverpool in 1945, the Epsteins lived at 197 Queens Drive, Childwall in Liverpool, and remained there for the next 30 years. Epsteins parents moved him from one boarding school to another, including Clayesmore School in Dorset and he spent two years at Wrekin College in Shropshire, where he was taught the violin. He started work at his familys business on a £5 per week wage, after returning to Liverpool, he was put in charge of the Clarendon Furnishing shop in Hoylake and was made a director of NEMS in 1955
5.
Disc jockey
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A disc jockey is a person who mixes different sources of pre-existing recorded music as it is playing, usually for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or via broadcasting. DJs typically perform for an audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale, in hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over, DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together. This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs, DJ equipment, notably the specialized DJ mixer, a small audio mixer with a crossfader and cue functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another, the cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to preview a source of recorded music in headphones before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the track they want to play. DJs may also use a microphone to speak to the audience, effects such as reverb to create sound effects, drum machines. The title DJ is also used by DJs in front of their real names or adopted pseudonyms or stage names as a title to denote their profession. Some DJs focus on creating a mix of songs for the club dancers or radio audience. Other DJs use turntablism techniques such as scratching, in which the DJ or turntablist manipulates the record player turntable to create new sounds. In many types of DJing, including club DJing and radio/TV DJing, there are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs or discothèques, or at parties, raves, or even in stadiums. Mobile DJs travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events. Some mobile DJs also serve as the master of ceremonies at weddings or other events, directing the attention of attendees, there are also many competitions for DJs that specialize in different turntablism techniques, such as mixing, hip hop music-style scratching or other kinds of techniques. Other types of DJ use musical performance techniques that allow them to be categorized as performing musicians, hip hop DJs and are also often songwriters or music producers who use turntablism and sampling to create backing instrumentals for new tracks. In reggae, the DJ is a vocalist who raps, toasts, chants or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks, the individual who helps the DJ by selecting tracks or records to be played is called the selector. Many electronica artists and producers who work as DJs often perform music by combining turntablism with keyboards, digital musical instruments
6.
The Cavern Club
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The Cavern Club is a nightclub at 10 Mathew Street, in Liverpool, England. The original Cavern Club opened on Wednesday,16 January 1957 as a club, later becoming a centre of the rock. The Beatles played in the club in their early years, the original Cavern club closed in March 1973 and was filled in during construction work on the Merseyrail underground rail loop. Focus were the last band to play the original Cavern a few days before the club was shut down, the Cavern Club re-opened on 26 April 1984 and was rebuilt using many of the original bricks, to the original plans. Alan Sytner opened The Cavern Club, having been inspired by the district in Paris. Sytner returned to Liverpool and strove to open a similar to the Le Caveau de la Huchette jazz club in Paris. He eventually found a warehouse where people were leasing the cellar. The first act to perform at the opening of the club was the Merseysippi Jazz Band, local commercial artist Tony Booth created the poster artwork for the opening night, who shortly after became the original poster artist for The Beatles. What started as a jazz club eventually became a hangout for skiffle groups, dr. Sytner suggested that the band should play at the golf club first, so as to assess their talent. Before the performance, the Quarrymen argued amongst themselves about the set list, as rock n roll songs were not allowed at the club. After opening with a song, John Lennon called for the others to start playing an Elvis Presley song. Rod Davis warned Lennon that the audience would eat you alive, halfway through, Sytner pushed his way through the audience and handed Lennon a note which read, Cut out the bloody rock n roll. Paul McCartneys first appearance at The Cavern was with The Quarrymen on 24 January 1958, Sytner sold The Cavern Club to Ray McFall in 1959 and moved to London. Blues bands and Beat groups began to appear at the club on a basis in the early 1960s. The first Beat night was held on 25 May 1960 and featured a performance by Rory Storm, by early 1961, Bob Wooler had become the full-time compère and organiser of the lunchtime sessions. The club hosted its first performance by The Beatles on Thursday 9 February 1961, brian Epstein, The Beatles manager who secured the groups first recording contract, first saw the group perform at the club on 9 November 1961. Inspired by the group Epstein made moves to take over their management, the Beatles made their first appearance at the club on 9 February 1961 after returning to Liverpool from Hamburg, Germany where they had been playing at the Indra and the Kaiserkeller clubs. Their stage show had been through a lot of changes with some in the thinking they were watching a German band as they were billed from Hamburg. S
7.
Skiffle
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Skiffle is a music genre with jazz, blues, folk and American folk influences, usually using homemade or improvised instruments. The origins of skiffle are obscure but are thought to lie in African-American musical culture in the early 20th century. Skiffle is often said to have developed from New Orleans jazz, improvised jug bands playing blues and jazz were common across the American South in the early decades of the 20th century, even if the term skiffle was not used to describe them. They used instruments such as the washboard, jugs, washtub bass, cigar-box fiddle, musical saw and comb-and-paper kazoos, as well as more instruments, such as acoustic guitar. The origin of the English word skiffle is unknown, however, in the dialect of the west of England to make a skiffle meaning to make a mess of any business is attested from 1873. In early 20th century America the term skiffle was one of many slang phrases for a rent party and it was first recorded in Chicago in the 1920s and may have been brought there as part of the African-American migration to northern industrial cities. The first use of the term on record was in 1925 in the name of Jimmy OBryant, most often it was used to describe country blues music records, which included the compositions Hometown Skiffle and Skiffle Blues by Dan Burley & his Skiffle Boys. It was used by Ma Rainey to describe her repertoire to rural audiences, the term skiffle disappeared from American music in the 1940s. Skiffle was a relatively obscure genre, and it might have largely forgotten if not for its revival in the United Kingdom in the 1950s. British skiffle grew out of the developing post-war British jazz scene, among these bands were Ken Colyers Jazzmen, whose banjo player Donegan also performed skiffle music during intervals. He would sing and play guitar with accompaniment of two members, usually on washboard and tea-chest bass. They played a variety of American folk and blues songs, particularly those derived from the recordings of Lead Belly and these were listed on posters as skiffle breaks, a name suggested by Ken Colyers brother Bill after recalling the Dan Burley Skiffle Group. Soon the breaks were as popular as the traditional jazz, after disagreements in 1954, Colyer left to form a new outfit, and the band became Chris Barbers Jazz Band. Donegans fast-tempo version of Lead Bellys Rock Island Line was a hit in 1956, featuring a washboard. It spent eight months in the Top 20, peaking at No.6 and it was the first debut record to go gold in Britain, selling over a million copies worldwide. It was the success of single and the lack of a need for expensive instruments or high levels of musicianship that set off the British skiffle craze. The craze probably reached its height with the broadcasting of the BBC TV programme Six-Five Special from 1957 and it was the first British youth music programme, using a skiffle song as its title music and showcasing many skiffle acts. It has been estimated that in the late 1950s, there were 30, a large number of British musicians began their careers playing skiffle in this period, and some became leading figures in their respective fields
8.
Gerry and the Pacemakers
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Gerry and the Pacemakers were an English beat group prominent in the 1960s Merseybeat scene. In common with the Beatles, they came from Liverpool, were managed by Brian Epstein and they are most remembered for being the first act to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart with their first three single releases, How Do You Do It. I Like It and Youll Never Walk Alone and this record was not equalled for 20 years, until the mid-1980s success of fellow Liverpool band Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Consequently, they stand as the second most successful pop group originating in Liverpool, another of their most famous songs, Ferry Cross the Mersey, refers to the River Mersey that flows into Liverpool. Gerry Marsden formed the group in 1959 with his brother Fred, Les Chadwick and they rivalled the Beatles early in their career, playing in the same areas of Hamburg, Germany and Liverpool. McMahon was replaced on piano by Les Maguire around 1961 and they are known to have rehearsed at Cammell Laird shipping yard at Birkenhead. The groups original name was Gerry Marsden and the Mars Bars, the band was the second to sign with Brian Epstein, who later signed them with Columbia Records. They began recording in early 1963 with How Do You Do It, a song written by Mitch Murray, that Adam Faith had turned down and one that the Beatles chose not to release. Youll Never Walk Alone had been a favourite of Gerry Marsdens since seeing Carousel growing up and it quickly became the signature tune of Liverpool Football Club and, later, other sports teams around the world. The song remains an anthem, there and elsewhere, inspired by Gerry Marsdens rendition rather than the Broadway original. The group narrowly missed a fourth number one when Im the One was kept off the top spot for two weeks in February 1964 by fellow Liverpudlians The Searchers Needles and Pins. Despite this early success, Gerry and the Pacemakers never had another number one single in the UK.4, and she recorded the song, but without commercial success. The song, written by all bandmembers, has also covered by Les Carle. They also starred in an early 1965 film called Ferry Cross the Mersey, in the US, their recordings were released by the small New York City record label Laurie in 1963, with whom they issued four singles during 1963 without success. By late 1965, their popularity was declining on both sides of the Atlantic. They disbanded in October 1966, with much of their recorded material never released in the UK. Drummer Freddie Marsden, born Fredrick John Marsden,23 November 1940, at 8 Menzies Street, Toxteth, Liverpool, died on 9 December 2006 in Southport, Gerry did not return, and a spokesperson said only that he was ill. This was a practice at the time, it also happened with the Beatles
9.
Master of ceremonies
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A master of ceremonies, abbreviated M. C. also called compère and announcer, is the official host of a ceremony, a staged event or similar performance. The master of ceremonies sometimes also refers to the officer during an official state function. Today, the term often connotes a master of ceremonies who presents performers, speaks to the audience, entertains people, in addition, the term also exists in various chivalric orders and fraternal orders. The term originated in the Catholic Church, the Master of Ceremonies is an official of the Papal Court responsible for the proper and smooth conduct of the elegant and elaborate rituals involving the Pope and the sacred liturgy. He may also be an involved in the proper conduct of protocols and ceremonials involving the Roman Pontiff, the Papal Court. Examples of official liturgical books prescribing the rules and regulations of liturgical celebrations are Cæremoniale Romanum, the office of the Master of Ceremonies itself is very old. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the most ancient ceremonials and rituals of the Catholic Church are the Ordines Romani, names of Masters of Ceremonies are known since the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. However, copies of books prescribing the forms of rituals, rites and it is reasonable to assume that the ceremonials themselves pre-date Gelasius. However, documentary evidence from the late Roman period is scarce or lost, the ceremonies and practices of the Byzantine emperors are also known to have influenced the papal court. At a large Catholic church or cathedral, the Master of Ceremonies organizes and rehearses the proceedings and he may also have responsibility for the physical security of the place of worship during the liturgy. At major festivities such as Christmas and Easter, when the liturgies are long and complex, the current papal Master of Ceremonies is Monsignor Guido Marini, who succeeded Archbishop Piero Marini. Masters of Ceremonies at weddings and private events also ensure the coordination of their event, became an alternative title for a rapper and for their role within hip hop music and culture. The term is used as a term of distinction, referring to an artist with good performance skills. An MC focuses on skills, lyrical ability, and subject matter, in any comedy show, the compère is the host of the evenings events, but the precise role and responsibilities will vary depending on the country, venue and style of event. The compère will normally do longer bits at the start of the show and after any interval and they may also be required to make announcements, such as birthdays, anniversaries and bar promotions. In some circles the title Master of Ceremonies is also known as Minister of Ceremonies, in the 1940 Disney film, Fantasia, Deems Taylor is the films Master of Ceremonies. Media related to Master of ceremonies at Wikimedia Commons
10.
Allan Williams
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Allan Richard Williams was a British businessman and promoter who was the original booking agent and first manager of The Beatles. He personally drove the van to take the band to Hamburg, Germany in 1960. His mother died when he was young and his father remarried to Millie Twigg. In his mid teens he left home to sing with Joe Loss in the Isle of Man, later he sang with the DOyly Carte Opera Company and even tried to sell Blackpool rock in Spain. In 1958 Williams leased a former watch-repair shop at 21 Slater Street, Liverpool and he named the venue the Jacaranda, after an exotic species of ornamental flowering tree, jacaranda mimosifolia. The Jac opened in September 1958, the Beatles were frequent customers, with John Lennon and Stuart Sutcliffe attending Liverpool Art College nearby and Paul McCartney being at Liverpool Institute adjacent to the college. Asking for the chance to play the club, Williams instead put them to work redecorating, with Lennon, finally, the Beatles began playing at the Jac on occasions. Between May and August 1960, Williams secured a number of bookings for the group at other places. One was backing a local stripper, named Janice, when she discovered the Beatles were not familiar with the Gypsy Fire Dance, they instead backed her with a rendition of the Harry Lime theme tune. Williams gives an interview in the 1980 documentary, The Compleat Beatles. He recounts having to reassure Howie Casey, leader of The Seniors who were established in Hamburg. But if you send that bum group, the Beatles, youre going to louse it up for all of us and he also recalls auditioning drummer Pete Best, asking him to do a drum roll, which he did Not too cleverly, but passable. In August 1960, with Best joining as the new drummer, Williams and The Beatles left Liverpool in a small. He continued to get them bookings, until he fell out with The Beatles in 1961 over the payment of his ten per cent commission in a trip to Hamburg. Williams had no further dealings with the group and was especially disappointed that Sutcliffe. In 1962, before Brian Epstein became the manager, he contacted Williams to make sure there were no remaining contractual ties. There were none, but Williams forthrightly told Epstein, Dont touch them with a fucking bargepole, Years later, Williams and the Beatles spoke fondly of one another, with McCartney describing Williams in The Beatles Anthology as a great guy. In the 1970s, Williams played a role in producing the first Beatles conventions to be staged in Liverpool
11.
John Lennon
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John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
12.
Paul McCartney
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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons
13.
NEMS Enterprises
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Brian Samuel Epstein was an English music entrepreneur, best known for managing the Beatles. Epstein first discovered the Beatles in November 1961 during a lunchtime Cavern Club performance and he was instantly impressed and saw great potential in the group. Epstein was rejected by all major recording companies in London, until he secured a meeting with George Martin. In May 1962, Martin agreed to sign the Beatles, partly because of Epsteins conviction that the group would become internationally famous, the Beatles early success has been attributed to Epsteins management style, and the band trusted him without hesitation. In addition to handling the Beatles business affairs, Epstein often stepped in to mediate disputes within the group. The Beatles unquestioning loyalty to Epstein later proved detrimental, as the band rarely read contracts before signing them, Music publisher Dick James and his partner Charles Silver owned 51-percent of the company, Lennon and McCartney each owned 20%, and Epstein owned 9%. By 1969, Lennon and McCartney had lost control of all publishing rights to ATV Music Publishing, still, Epsteins death in 1967 marked the beginning of the groups dissolution and had a profound effect on each Beatle. In 1997, Paul McCartney said, If anyone was the Fifth Beatle, Epstein was Jewish, his grandfather Isaac Epstein was from Lithuania and had arrived in Britain in the 1890s at the age of eighteen. His grandmother Dinah was the daughter of Joseph and Esther Hyman, the Hymans had six more children. Isaac Epstein married Dinah Hyman in Manchester in 1900, in 1901, Isaac and Dinah were living at 80 Walton Road, Liverpool with Isaacs sister Rachael Epstein, above the furniture dealership that he founded. Dinah and Isaacs third child was Harry Epstein, Brian Epsteins father, eventually the family moved to a larger home at 27 Anfield Road, Liverpool. After Harry and his brother Leslie had joined the family firm, Epstein and Sons and enlarged his furniture business by taking over adjacent shops at 62/72 Walton Road to sell a range of other goods, such as musical instruments and household appliances. They called the expanding business NEMS, which offered lenient credit terms, Epsteins mother Malka was also involved in the Hyman furniture business, which also owned the Sheffield Veneering Company. In 2003, the home on Anfield Road was converted into a Beatles-themed hotel called Epstein House. Epstein was born on 19 September 1934 in Rodney Street, Liverpool, Harry and Queenie also had another son named Clive who was born 22 months after his older brother. During World War II, the Epsteins moved to Southport—where two schools expelled Epstein for laziness and poor performance—but returned to Liverpool in 1945, the Epsteins lived at 197 Queens Drive, Childwall in Liverpool, and remained there for the next 30 years. Epsteins parents moved him from one boarding school to another, including Clayesmore School in Dorset and he spent two years at Wrekin College in Shropshire, where he was taught the violin. He started work at his familys business on a £5 per week wage, after returning to Liverpool, he was put in charge of the Clarendon Furnishing shop in Hoylake and was made a director of NEMS in 1955
14.
Rory Storm
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Rory Storm was an English musician and vocalist. Born Alan Ernest Caldwell in Liverpool, Storm was the singer and leader of Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, Ringo Starr was the drummer for the Hurricanes before joining the Beatles in August 1962, replacing original drummer Pete Best. The Hurricanes were one of the most popular acts on the Liverpool and Hamburg club scenes during their existence and they released only two singles during their early 1960s heyday, and none of their material made the charts. Their second and final single was a version of the West Side Story song America, when Storms father died, he returned from Amsterdam to Liverpool to be with his mother at Stormsville, at 54 Broad Green Road, Broadgreen, Liverpool. On 27 September 1972, Storm developed a chest infection and could not sleep properly, the next day Storm and his mother were both found dead. A post mortem determined that Storm had not taken enough pills to kill himself, Rory Storm was the stage name of Alan Caldwell, born 7 January 1938, in Oakhill Park Estate, Stoneycroft, Liverpool to Violet and Ernest Ernie George W Caldwell. His father was a cleaner by profession, and a part-time porter at the Broadgreen Hospital. Storm had one sister, Iris Caldwell, who later dated George Harrison when she was 12, and Paul McCartney, Iris later married Shane Fenton, later known as Alvin Stardust. Instead of being driven home after concerts in Liverpool, Storm preferred to run home, Storm played football regularly and was a good skater and swimmer. Liverpool F. C. used to train at Melwood and he went to them in training. He was the captain of Mersey Beat magazines football team, called the Mersey Beat XI, Storm was born with a stutter, which did not affect his singing. Because of Storms bad stammer, his friends never allowed him to tell a joke or to order a round of drinks and he became a cotton salesman before forming a skiffle group. Storms first name for a group was Dracula & the Werewolves, still known as Alan Caldwell, Storm opened the Morgue Skiffle Club in the cellar of a large Victorian house, Balgownie, at 25 Oakhill Park, Broadgreen, on 13 March 1958. The cellar consisted of two rooms, painted black and connected by a corridor, with skeletons painted on the walls. Groups played on Tuesdays and Thursdays for up to 100 people starting at 7,30 pm, including Storms group, after complaints about the noise, the police closed down the club on 1 April 1958, but Storm reopened it on 22 April 1958. It was in the Morgue Skiffle Club that George Harrison auditioned for the Quarrymen, playing Guitar Boogie Shuffle by Bert Weedon, Harrison later asked Storm if he could join his group, but Storms mother refused to allow it, as she thought Harrison was too young. Storm went to London, on 11 April 1958, to participate in a running competition. In 1959, Storms group consisted of himself, Paul Murphy, spud Ward, a former member of the Swinging Blue Jeans, later played bass guitar
15.
Bill Harry
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Bill Harry, is the creator of Mersey Beat, a newspaper of the early 1960s which focused on the Liverpool music scene. Harry had previously started various magazines and newspapers, such as Biped and Premier and he later attended the Liverpool College of Art, where his fellow students included John Lennon and Stuart Sutcliffe, who both later performed with the Beatles. He published a magazine, Jazz, in 1958, and worked as an assistant editor on the University of Liverpools charity magazine, Pantosphinx. Harry met his wife-to-be, Virginia Sowry, at the Jacaranda club—managed by Allan Williams, after borrowing £50, Harry released the first issue of Mersey Beat on 6 July 1961, with the first 5,000 copies selling out within a short time. The newspaper was published two weeks, covering the music scenes in Liverpool, Wirral, Birkenhead, New Brighton, Crosby and Southport, as well as Warrington, Widnes. He edited the paper in a small office above a wine merchants shop at 81a Renshaw Street. Harry arranged for the future Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, to see them perform a concert at the Cavern Club on 9 November 1961. Harry was born in Smithdown Road Hospital, in Liverpool, Lancashire and he came from a poor Liverpudlian background and was brought up in a rough neighbourhood near Liverpools dockyards. His father, was killed during the war on the SS Kyleglen British Steam Merchant ship, none of the crew survived, and Harrys father died on 14 December 1940, aged 25. Harry attended the Catholic St. Vincents Institute, but had to get used to the priests dispensing corporal punishment on a regular basis, because of his small stature, Harry was beaten by his classmates, being once kicked in the appendix and left for dead. His mother had no option but to him elsewhere. Harry became interested in fiction and read comics by candlelight. At the age of 13, he produced his own science fiction fanzine, Biped and his pen friend at the time was Michael Moorcock, the writer of science fiction and fantasy novels. After winning a scholarship to the Junior School of Art in Gambier Terrace, Liverpool, at the age of 16, Harry obtained a place at Liverpools College of Art at 68 Hope Street. He also worked as assistant editor on University of Liverpools charity magazine, Pantosphinx, the title was suggested by the owner, Frank Hesselberg, as a play on his own comments, but was abandoned after a few issues. Harry received a National Diploma in design while at the Liverpool Art College and became the first student in the new Graphic Design course, Harry organised a students film society, where he showed Orphee, by Jean Cocteau and Salvador Dalí, and Luis Buñuels, LAge dOr. Meeting Lennon had been a shock for Harry, as Lennon often dressed like a Teddy boy, despite his misgivings about Lennon, Harry introduced him to Sutcliffe, who was a small, softly-spoken and shy student, who had painted a portrait of Harry. The three often spent time together at the Ye Cracke pub in Rice Street, or on the top floor of the Jacaranda club, Harry met his then 16-year-old future wife-to-be, Virginia Sowry, at the club
16.
Mersey Beat
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Mersey Beat was a music publication in Liverpool, England in the early 1960s. It was founded by Bill Harry, who was one of John Lennons classmates at Liverpool Art College, the paper carried news about all the local Liverpool bands, and stars who came to town to perform. The Beatles had an association with Mersey Beat, which carried many exclusive stories. It also published several of Lennons early writings, including a history of the band, a fellow student, John Ashcroft, introduced Harry to rock ‘n’ roll records, and the members of Rory Storm & The Hurricanes and Cass & The Cassanovas. He also wrote to The Liverpool Echo about the emerging Liverpool music scene, Harry planned to produce a jazz newspaper called Storyville/52nd Street and contacted Sam Leach, the owner of a club called Storyville. Leach promised to fund the newspaper, but failed to turn up for three meetings with Harry, leaving him no option but to find another investor. Photographer Dick Matthews, a friend from the Jacaranda, heard about Harrys problems with Leach and introduced Harry to a civil servant, Jim Anderson. This enabled Harry to found Mersey Beat in 1961, Harry decided to publish the newspaper every two weeks, covering the music scene in Liverpool, Wirral, Birkenhead, New Brighton, Crosby and Southport, as well as Warrington, Widnes and Runcorn. He thought up the name Mersey Beat by thinking about a policemans beat, virginia gave up her accountancy/comptometer operator job at Woolworths and worked full-time for £2. 10/- a week, while Harry lived on his Senior City Art Scholarship funding. Matthews photographed groups, while Anderson found a small office for £5 a week above David Lands wine merchants shop at 81a Renshaw Street. Anderson and Matthews helped with the move to the new office, with Anderson providing a desk, chair and an Olivetti typewriter. Harry asked printer James E. James, if he could borrow the printing blocks he used for photos, as they were too expensive for the fledgling company at the time. Harry also borrowed blocks from the Widnes Weekly News, Pantosphinx and local cinemas, virginias parents helped the paper during this time, as they paid for classified ads, and arranged for Harry and his future wifes first photographs together. Splitting the price of the newspaper, with retailers, Harry arranged for three major wholesalers, W. H. Smith, Blackburns, and Conlans, to sell Mersey Beat. Harry personally delivered copies to more than 20 newsagents as well as to local venues and musical instrument and record stores, such as Cramer & Lea, Rushworth & Draper, the paper released its first edition on 6 July 1961, selling out all 5,000 copies. The papers circulation increased rapidly as Harry started featuring stories about groups in Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield and Newcastle, as the newspapers sales rose, it became known as the Teenagers Bible. Local groups were soon being called beat groups, and venues started advertising concerts as Beat Sessions, with circulation rising, the papers offices were moved downstairs to a larger two-roomed office. For decades they had manipulated and controlled them, suddenly, there was an awareness of being young, and young people wanted their own styles and their own music, just at the time they were beginning to earn money, which gave them the spending power
17.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
18.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
19.
Bert Kaempfert
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Berthold Heinrich Kämpfert, better known as Bert Kaempfert, was a German orchestra leader, music producer, and songwriter. He made easy listening and jazz-oriented records and wrote the music for a number of songs, including Strangers in the Night. Kaempfert was born in Hamburg, Germany, where he received his nickname, Fips. A multi-instrumentalist, he was hired by Hans Busch to play with his orchestra before serving as a bandsman in the German Navy during World War II. He later formed his own big band, toured with them, then worked as an arranger and producer, making hit records with Freddy Quinn, in 1961, he hired The Beatles to back Tony Sheridan for an album called My Bonnie. The album and its singles, released by Polydor Records, were the Beatles first commercially released recordings, Kaempferts own first hit with his orchestra had been in 1960, Wonderland by Night. Wonderland by Night couldnt get a hearing in Germany, for Kaempfert, little may have brought him more personal satisfaction than Nat King Cole recording his L-O-V-E. On October 28,1961, a man walked into the store owned by Brian Epstein to ask for a copy of My Bonnie. The store did not have it, but Epstein noted the request and was so intrigued by the idea of a Liverpool band getting a record of its own out, he personally followed up on it. This event led to his discovery of the Beatles and, through his effort, many of Berts tunes became better known as hits for other artists, Strangers in the Night, was originally recorded as part of his score for the 1966 film A Man Could Get Killed. It became a #1 hit for Frank Sinatra in 1966 and this was followed a year later with another hit for Sinatra, The World We Knew. Wooden Heart, sung by Elvis Presley in the film G. I, joe Dowells cover of Wooden Heart became a big hit, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on August 28,1961. Bert arranged this traditional German folk song for the Presley movie and his instrumental Moon Over Naples, when given words by Snyder, became Spanish Eyes, originally a hit for Al Martino and also recorded by Engelbert Humperdinck, Presley, and many others. Danke Schoen, with words added by Kurt Schwabach and Milt Gabler, L-O-V-E, with words added by Milt Gabler, was a hit for Nat King Cole. Almost There, which reached No.67 on the U. S. charts, a jazzier number called A Swingin Safari was the initial theme tune for the long-running TV game show The Match Game used on the NBC version from 1962 to 1967. Billy Vaughns cover of A Swingin Safari also hit the Billboard charts, many of the tracks were later used in the 1969 film An Elephant Called Slowly. Tahitian Sunset was sampled extensively by the lo-fi dance artists Lemon Jelly as their track In the Bath, Kaempferts orchestra made extensive use of horns. The Brass covered Magic Trumpet, and Kaempfert returned the favor by covering Brass compadre Sol Lakes number The Mexican Shuffle, the latter tune evolved into a TV ad, The Teaberry Shuffle
20.
George Martin
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Sir George Henry Martin CBE was an English record producer, arranger, composer, conductor, audio engineer and musician. He was referred to as the Fifth Beatle, including by Paul McCartney, Martin produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States. Martin produced comedy and novelty records in the early 1950s, working with Peter Sellers, Spike Milligan and Bernard Cribbins and his career spanned more than six decades of work in music, film, television and live performance. He held a number of executive roles at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes, including his work for The Princes Trust. In recognition of his services to the industry and popular culture. Martin was born in Highbury, London, when he was six, Martins family acquired a piano that sparked his interest in music. As a child, he attended schools, including a convent school in Holloway, St Josephs School, and at St Ignatius College. When WWII broke out, and St. Ignatius College students were evacuated to Welwyn Garden City, his family left London, I remember well the very first time I heard a symphony orchestra. I was just in my teens when Sir Adrian Boult brought the BBC Symphony Orchestra to my school for a public concert. Hearing such glorious sounds I found it difficult to them with ninety men and women blowing into brass. Despite Martins continued interest in music, and fantasies about being the next Rachmaninov and he worked briefly as a quantity surveyor, and later for the War Office as a Temporary Clerk, which meant filing paperwork and making tea. In 1943, when he was 17, he joined the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy and became an aerial observer, the war ended before Martin was involved in any combat, and he left the service in 1947. Martins oboe teacher was Margaret Eliot, after that, Martin explained that he had just picked it up by himself. On 3 January 1948 – while still at the Academy – Martin married Sheena Chisholm and he later married Judy Lockhart-Smith on 24 June 1966, and they also had two children, Lucie and Giles Martin. Following his graduation, he worked for the BBCs classical music department, then joined EMI in 1950 as an assistant to Oscar Preuss, the head of EMIs Parlophone Records from 1950 to 1955. Although having been regarded by EMI as a vital German imprint in the past, after taking over Parlophone when Preuss retired in 1955, Martin recorded classical and Baroque music, original cast recordings, and regional music from around Britain and Ireland. Martin also produced numerous comedy and novelty records, later that decade Martin worked with Peter Sellers on two very popular comedy LPs. One was released on 10 format and called The Best Of Sellers, the album was Bridge on the River Wye
21.
Danny Davis (country musician)
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Danny Davis was a country music band leader, trumpet player, vocalist and producer, best known as the founder and leader of the Nashville Brass. Danny Davis was born as George Nowlan into a large Irish-Catholic family in Dorchester, when he became a professional musician, he changed his name to Danny Davis because MGM executive Harry Meseron told him that he looked like a Danny. He took the last name Davis because it was a name in the South. Daviss father died when he was five years old and his mother supported the family by giving music lessons in the family home. Davis began playing trumpet at an early age under the guidance of a man named Joseph Donovan. By age 14 he was trumpet soloist with the Massachusetts All-State Symphony Orchestra and was granted admittance to the prestigious New England Conservatory of Music. He decided to leave the conservatory after only six weeks when he was offered a job as a trumpeter with the band of legendary drummer, Gene Krupa. In Martins band, in addition to his duties on trumpet, Davis sang as one of the Martin Men and roomed on the road with the male vocalist. During the early 50s Davis found some success as a vocalist releasing several singles including Object of My Affection. The late 1950s was a period in Davis career. He found himself in New York City working as a producer for the MGM label and he also made an important contact in Nashville with Fred Rose. Davis cut pop demos of songs for Rose. His demo of Cold, Cold Heart led to the pop recording by Tony Bennett, in the early Sixties, Davis assembled a session group called Danny Davis & the Titans around guitarist Billy Mure. In 1961 the group released an album entitled, Todays Teen Beat. A few months later, the group followed it up with a designed to capitalize on the Twist craze, with another instrumental album entitled. While at MGM Davis was assigned to one of the labels most successful artists. This collaboration lead to several number 1 hits for Francis, in the early 1960s Davis began taking Francis to Nashville where he recorded pop versions of country songs with her. It was during this time that his idea to record songs with brass instruments was born
22.
Phil Spector
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He is acknowledged as one of the most influential figures in pop music history. Spectors other chart-topping singles include Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin, The Long and Winding Road, from 2007 to 2009, Spector was the subject of a trial and retrial for the 2003 murder of actress Lana Clarkson, of which he was convicted in the second degree. He is serving a sentence of 19 years to life. In 2008, The Washington Times named Spector the second greatest record producer in music history, in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #63 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time. In their 2003 list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, they included the Spector-produced Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes, A Christmas Gift for You, according to BMI, Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin is the song that received the most US airplay in the 20th century. For co-producing Harrisons Concert for Bangladesh, Spector earned the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, in 1989, Spector was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a nonperformer. In 1997, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, harvey Phillip Spector was born on December 26,1939 to a first-generation immigrant Jewish family in the Bronx, New York City. His father, Ben, was an ironworker from Russia with the surname Spekter, Spectors father committed suicide on April 20,1949. In 1953, his mother moved the family to Los Angeles where she found work as a seamstress, having learned to play guitar, Spector performed Rock Island Line in a talent show at Fairfax High School, where he was a student. With three friends from school, Marshall Leib, Sandy Nelson, and Annette Kleinbard, Spector formed a group. During this period, record producer Stan Ross — co-owner of Gold Star Studios in Hollywood — began to tutor Spector in record production, in 1958, the Teddy Bears recorded the Spector-penned Dont You Worry My Little Pet, which helped them secure a deal with Era Records. At their next session, they recorded another song Spector had written—this one inspired by the epitaph on Spectors fathers tombstone. Released on Eras subsidiary label, Dore Records, To Know Him Is to Love Him reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 singles chart on December 1,1958 and it was the seventh number-one single on the newly formed chart. Following the success of their debut, the signed with Imperial Records. Their next single, I Dont Need You Anymore, reached number 91 and they released several more recordings, including an album, The Teddy Bears Sing. But failed to reach the top 100 in US sales, after the split, Spectors career quickly moved from performing and songwriting to production. While recording the Teddy Bears album, Spector had met Lester Sill and his next project, the Spectors Three, was undertaken under the aegis of Sill and his partner, Lee Hazlewood. In 1960, Sill arranged for Spector to work as an apprentice to Leiber and Stoller in New York, Ronnie Crawford would become Spector’s first true recording artist and project as producer
23.
Neil Aspinall
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Neil Stanley Aspinall was a Welsh-born English music industry executive. A school friend of Paul McCartney and George Harrison, he went on to head the Beatles company Apple Corps, the Beatles employed Aspinall as their road manager and personal assistant, which included driving his old Commer van to and from shows, both day and night. After Mal Evans started work for the Beatles, Aspinall was promoted to become their assistant, later becoming chief executive of their company. On behalf of Apple, Aspinall was involved in court cases against Allen Klein, EMI. He supervised the marketing of music, videos and merchandising, as well being a director of Standby Films, on 10 April 2007, Aspinall retired from Apple Corps and died of lung cancer in New York in 2008. Aspinall and his mother returned to Liverpool later in 1942 after the bombing had subsided, Aspinall later attended West Derby School, where he passed his 11-Plus exams. When he was years old, Aspinall gained a place at the Liverpool Institute in Mount Street. Aspinall later commented about his first meeting with George Harrison, who attended the Liverpool Institute. This great mass of shaggy hair loomed up and an out-of-breath voice requested a quick drag of my Woodbine and it was one of the first cigarettes either of us had smoked. We spluttered our way through it bravely but gleefully, after that the three of us did lots of ridiculous things together. By the time we were ready to take the GCE exams we added John Lennon to our Mad Lad gang and he was doing his first term at Liverpool College of Art which overlooks the Liverpool Institute playground and we all got together in a students coffee bar at lunchtime. Aspinall took nine GCEs at the Institute and passed eight of them and he left school in July 1959, and studied accountancy. Aspinall worked for a Liverpool company for two years, receiving a wage of £2-10s–0d, per week as a trainee accountant. The Beatles played at the opening of the Casbah Coffee Club on 29 August 1959, Aspinall later rented a room in the house and became very good friends with then-Beatle Pete Best. The Beatles had previously used public transport to get to local gigs, Best asked Aspinall to be a part-time road manager for the band, so Aspinall bought an old, grey and maroon Commer van for £80, and charged each of the group five shillings per concert. Harrison later said, Our early van became the centre of every time it pulled up. It was brush-painted red and grey and from head to foot was covered in graffiti – girls names and it looked interesting, but the moment anybody saw it they would feel free to write all over it. The Beatles were driven down to London by Aspinall on New Years Eve in 1961, for the now-famous Decca audition, but Aspinall lost his way, and the trip took ten hours
24.
Geoff Emerick
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Geoffrey Emerick is an English recording studio audio engineer, who is best known for his work with the Beatles on their albums Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, Emerick first started working as an assistant engineer at EMI at the age of 15. To familiarize himself with his work, he was placed under the supervision of another assistant engineer, Richard Langham. On his second day of work at EMI, Richard Langham was assigned to be the assistant engineer of Norman Smith, as assistant engineer, Emerick worked on numerous early recordings by the Beatles, and also helped record other artists for the label, including Judy Garland. He assisted at the EMI artist test of the Hollies, after working his way up to the position, Emerick engineered the 1966 number one UK Manfred Mann hit Pretty Flamingo. Emerick took over the Beatles engineering duties from Smith that same spring at the request of producer George Martin when Smith became a producer. The first album Emerick worked on with the Beatles as their recording engineer under Martin was Revolver. It was Emericks innovation to record John Lennons vocal through a Leslie speaker on that song, in 1967, Emerick engineered Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite. One of the most musically complex songs on Sgt, Lennon told Martin he wanted to re-create the carnival atmosphere of the Pablo Fanque circus poster that inspired the song. Emerick abandoned work on The Beatles on 16 July 1968, fed up with the tensions and he returned to work with the Beatles on Abbey Road. Emerick received Grammy Awards for the engineering of Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band and Abbey Road. in 1969. In addition to engineering duties, Emerick would oversee the building of the Apple recording studio and he was the sound engineer on Robin Trowers album Bridge of Sighs, and credited by both Trower and producer Matthew Fisher for that albums acclaimed sound. He also recorded the album for Stealers Wheel, featuring the single Stuck In The Middle With You as well as The Zombies famed Odessey. In 2003, he received his fourth Grammy, a Special Merit/Technical Grammy Award, in 2006, Emerick released his memoir, Here, There, and Everywhere, My Life Recording the Music of The Beatles, co-authored by veteran music journalist Howard Massey. On 3 April 2007, it was announced that Emerick would be in charge of a re-recording of Sgt, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band by contemporary artists, including Oasis, The Killers, Travis and Razorlight. Emerick used the equipment to record the new versions of the songs. He now resides in Los Angeles
25.
Mal Evans
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Malcolm Frederick Mal Evans was the road manager, assistant, and a friend of the Beatles. In the early 1960s, Evans was employed as a telephone engineer, the Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, later hired Evans as the groups assistant road manager, in tandem with Neil Aspinall. Peter Brown later wrote that Evans was a kindly, but menacing-looking young man, Evans contributed to recordings, and appeared in some of the films the group made. After The Beatles stopped touring in 1966, Evans carried on assisting them until their break-up in 1970, from 1969, Evans also found work as a record producer. Evans was killed by police on 5 January 1976, at his home in Los Angeles, officers were called when his girlfriend phoned the police and told them that Evans was confused and had a gun. The police mistook the air rifle Evans was holding for a rifle, details of Evans’ early life are unknown, apart from his birth date. No book has written about him, although he wrote his memoirs, Living The Beatles Legend. Anything known about him starts in 1961, when Evans married a Liverpool girl, Lily and their first child, Gary, was born in the same year. The Beatles were the resident group at Liverpools Cavern Club when Evans first heard them perform during his lunch break and he was then living in Hillside Road, Mossley Hill and working as a telephone engineer for the Post Office. He became a fan, even though his musical hero at the time was Elvis Presley. He first befriended George Harrison, who put forward Evans name to the Cavern Clubs manager, Ray McFall, when he needed a doorman. The 27-year-old Evans was accepted, even though he wore thick-framed glasses, but mainly because of his burly 6 ft 6in frame and he was later nicknamed the Gentle Giant and Big Mal. On 11 August 1963, Evans began working for the Beatles in the role of roadie/bodyguard. Evans and Aspinalls duties were to drive the van while on tour, Mals telephone engineering experience was valuable in setting up and maintaining the electrical equipment. Evans had many duties, as well as acting as a bodyguard, he was sent to buy anything they needed, such as suits, boots, meals. If Lennon said Socks, Mal, Evans would have to rush to a local store, in 1967, Evans wrote in his diaries that he bought Ringo some undies for his visit to the doctor. Epstein’s associate, Alistair Taylor, once asked him why he was driving an Austin Princess limousine, rather than a Daimler, a Bentley, or a Rolls-Royce. Evans explained that The Beatles were forced to choose an Austin, the Beatles were introduced to cannabis by Bob Dylan in New York City in 1964
26.
Jeff Lynne
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In 1988, under the pseudonyms Otis Wilbury and Clayton Wilbury, he co-founded the supergroup Traveling Wilburys with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. After ELOs original disbandment in 1986, Lynne released two albums, Armchair Theatre and Long Wave. Lynne will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 7 April,2017 as a member of Electric Light Orchestra, Lynne grew up in Shard End, Birmingham, where he attended Alderlea Boys Secondary School. His first guitar, an instrument, was bought for him by his father. He was still playing it in 2012, in 1963 he formed a group with Robert Reader and David Walsh using little more than Spanish guitars and cheap electrical instruments. They were originally named the Rockin Hellcats, then the Handicaps and they practised at Shard End Community Centre and performed weekly. However, in 1964, Robert Reader and David Walsh left the band, at the end of 1964, Lynne decided to leave the band to replace Mick Adkins of the local band the Chads. He says it taught me how to be a producer, in 1966, Lynne joined the line-up of the Nightriders as guitarist. The band would change their name to the Idle Race. Despite recording two acclaimed albums with the band and producing the second, success eluded him. In 1970, Lynne accepted an offer from friend Roy Wood to join the line-up of the successful band the Move. This project would become the highly successful Electric Light Orchestra. Problems led to Woods departure in 1972, after the eponymous first album. Thereafter followed a succession of personnel changes and increasingly popular albums, 1973s ELO2 and On the Third Day, 1974s Eldorado. By 1976s A New World Record, Lynne had almost developed the roots of the group into a complex and unique pop-rock sound mixed with studio strings, layered vocals. Lynnes now almost complete creative dominance as producer, songwriter, arranger, lead singer, kelly Groucutts distinctive voice mixed with Lynnes to produce the classic ELO harmonic vocal sound. The pinnacle of ELOs chart success and worldwide popularity was the expansive 1977 double album Out of the Blue, the bands 1978 world tour featured an elaborate space ship set and laser light show. In order to recreate the complex textures of their albums
27.
Magic Alex
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Yanni Alexis Mardas, also known as Magic Alex, was a Greek electronics engineer who is best known for his close association with the Beatles. His nickname was given to him by John Lennon when he was involved with the group between 1965 and 1969, during which time he became head of Apple Electronics, Mardas arrived in England in 1965, exhibiting his Kinetic Light Sculptures at the Indica Gallery. He impressed John Lennon with the Nothing Box, a plastic box with randomly blinking lights. Mardas was in India with the Beatles at the Maharishi Mahesh Yogis ashram in India and his schemes lost Apple at least £300,000. In the 1970s, the anti-terrorism industry offered bullet-proof vehicles, bugging devices and security hardware, King Hussein of Jordan bought a fleet of cars that Mardas had customised, but then reportedly had the changes reversed when tests demonstrated them to be useless. In 1987, Mardas was a director of Alcom Ltd. Known at this time as Yannis Mardas, he found employment as a television repairman, dunbar later introduced Mardas to Brian Jones, after Mardas exhibited his Kinetic Light Sculptures at the Indica Gallery. Dunbar worked with Mardas on the “psychedelic light box” for The Rolling Stones three-week tour of Europe in 1967, dunbar later said, He was quite cunning in the way he pitched his thing. He knew enough to know how to wind people up and to what extent and he was a fucking TV repairman, Yannis Mardas, none of this Magic Alex shit. Lennon later introduced the renamed John Alexis Mardas as his new guru, Mardas later asked for the V-12 engines from Lennons Rolls-Royce and George Harrisons Ferrari Berlinetta car, so he could build a flying saucer. Mardas also denied making these claims, the Beatles often called Mardas the Greek wizard, and Paul McCartney remembered being interested in his ideas, “Well, if you could do that, we’d like one. It was always, We’d like one”, Mardas was given his own laboratory called Apple Electronics, at 34 Boston Place, Westminster, London, and was helped to obtain a British work visa. His pay eventually rose to £6,000 per year, I would like to say Hello to all my brothers around the world, and to all the girls around the world, and to all the electronic people around the world. A mysterious fire at the laboratory prevented Mardas from presenting his inventions, but he said, Im a rock gardener. Maybe next year, I make films or poems, I have no formal training in any of these, but this is irrelevant. The Beatles had tried in 1964 to buy the 14-acre Trinity Island, off the coast of the Greek island of Euboea, Lennon was still interested in buying or leasing an island to live on together, and discussed it with the other Beatles on 19 July 1967. Their chartered yacht, the MV Arvi, was detained in Crete because of bad weather, so the party had to wait in Athens for three days. Taylor complained that on a trip to a hill village, We came round a corner of the peaceful road only to find hundreds of photographers clicking away at us
28.
Giles Martin
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Giles Martin is an English record producer, songwriter, composer and multi-instrumentalist. His studio recordings, stage shows, TV and film works have been critically acclaimed and he is the son of Beatles producer George Martin and half-brother of actor Gregory Paul Martin. Giles Martin grew up without much awareness of The Beatles, and was discouraged by his father from pursuing a career in music lest the inevitable comparisons should be made between father and son. However, he carried on, first playing in the band Velvet Jones, in 1995, he was appointed co-music director for the television and radio music countdown show, The Great Music Experience. He worked on the Party at the Palace concert to celebrate Queen Elizabeth IIs Golden Jubilee, for which he produced the subsequent album. In 2004 he produced Hayley Westenras multi-platinum album Pure, the UKs fastest-selling classical album of all time, other acts Martin produced include Kula Shaker, Jeff Beck, Elvis Costello, INXS, and Kate Bush. His use of music production and manipulation techniques allowed him to create Loves musical mash-ups. He produced the music for the final Broadway performance of Rent, in 2009 Martin returned to the Beatles catalogue with The Beatles, Rock Band, a video game that allows players to simulate performing Beatles songs with plastic instruments. Martin produced the music, cleaning and reworking the audio to suit the games mechanics. Martin produced tracks and acted as producer on the 2013 Paul McCartney album New. They currently live in London, England
29.
Ken Scott
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As a producer, Scott is noted for his work with David Bowie, Supertramp, Devo, Kansas, the Tubes, Ronnie Montrose on Gamma 1, Level 42, among others. Scott was also influential in the evolution of Jazz Rock, pioneering a harder rock sound, through his work with Mahavishnu Orchestra, Stanley Clarke, Billy Cobham, Dixie Dregs. Originally from South London, Scott resided in Los Angeles from 1976 to 2013 then relocated to Nashville, ken Scott was born in London. He began working at EMI Recording Studios on 27 January 1964 at the age of 16 and he received the traditional EMI studio training under veteran engineers like Malcolm Addey and Norman Smith. His first job was in the library, and within 6 months he was promoted to 2nd engineer. Among the other artists he worked with as a button pusher were Manfred Mann, Peter and Gordon, the Hollies, Judy Garland, Johnny Mathis, Cliff Richard and the Shadows, and Peter Sellers. In September 1967, Scott was promoted to engineer, where his first session was with the Beatles on their song Your Mother Should Know. His first orchestral recording session came a few days later when he recorded the strings, brass, during his time with the Beatles, Scott also worked on the singles Lady Madonna, Hello, Goodbye and Hey Jude, as well as The Beatles and Magical Mystery Tour albums. Among the notable songs from albums that he worked on are The Fool on the Hill, Glass Onion, Helter Skelter, Birthday. While My Guitar Gently Weeps and Not Guilty, the last of which was recorded for, as an engineer at EMI, Scott also worked with numerous other EMI artists including the Jeff Beck Group, Pink Floyd, the Pretty Things, Scaffold and Mary Hopkin. In late 1969, shortly after completion of the Procol Harum album A Salty Dog, he left EMI for the independent Trident Studios, at the suggestion of Elton John producer Gus Dudgeon. After a short time he took over the mixing of Elton Johns Madman Across the Water after fellow Trident engineer Robin Cable suffered severe injuries in a traffic accident and that led him to work on Johns Honky Chateau and Dont Shoot Me Im Only the Piano Player. Also during this period he reconnected with David Bowie on a project with Bowie protege Freddie Burretti. After the album was completed, but before it was released, work began on his next album – The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust. Scott went on to co-produce Bowies Aladdin Sane and Pin Ups albums, during his time at Trident Studios, Scott also teamed up with Supertramp for Crime of the Century in what amounted to a breakthrough album nearly everywhere in the world except the United States. Crime of the Century is regularly mentioned as one of the top albums of all time, the album featured two songs that still get substantial radio play today, Dreamer and Bloody Well Right. The album was recorded at other studios besides Trident, including Studio D at A&M Records in Hollywood, the Whos Ramport Studios. Although not strictly jazz nor progressive rock, he worked with the southern fusion band The Dixie Dregs
30.
Norman Smith (record producer)
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Norman Hurricane Smith was an English musician, record producer and engineer. Smith was born in Edmonton, Middlesex, and served as an RAF glider pilot during World War II, after an unsuccessful career as a jazz musician, Smith joined EMI as an apprentice sound engineer in 1959. He was the engineer on all of the EMI studio recordings by the Beatles until 1965, the last Beatles album he recorded was Rubber Soul, and Smith engineered the sound for almost 100 Beatles songs in total. John Lennon first bestowed upon Smith the nickname of Normal, Lennon did so as a humorous reference to Smiths very unhurried and unflappable nature. While working with The Beatles on 17 June 1965, he was offered £15,000 by the music publishing company, Dick James Music. In early 1967, he working with a new group, Pink Floyd, producing their first, second, and fourth studio albums The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, A Saucerful of Secrets. During the sessions for the song Remember a Day, drummer Nick Mason became agitated that he could not come up with the drum part for the song. Smith, however, knew what he wanted with the drums, in 1968, Smith produced one of the first rock concept albums, the Pretty Things S. F. He produced early recordings by Barclay James Harvest, including their album Once Again, in 1971, Smith, using a recording artist pseudonym of Hurricane Smith, had a UK No.2 hit with Dont Let It Die. This recording was a demo of a song that he had written with the hope that John Lennon would record it, when he played it for fellow record producer Mickie Most, Most was impressed enough to tell him to release it as it was. In 1972, he enjoyed a hit with Oh, Babe, What Would You Say. which became a US No.1 Cash Box. It reached No.4 in the UK Singles Chart, also included on Smiths self-titled debut album was a third hit single, a cover version of Gilbert OSullivans Who Was It. Some recordings followed, such as My Mother Was Her Name, Beautiful Day, Beautiful Night, however, his subsequent attempts at producing successful recordings proved elusive. Capitalising on his solo recording efforts, Smith undertook two tours of the then thriving north of England cabaret circuit, complete with band and dancers. Smith enlisted the help of session drummer Peter Boita who fixed a band for Smith which was made up of the temporarily disbanded Bob Miller. This line-up went on to record the last album Smith made for EMI Records, Razzmahtazz Shall Inherit The Earth, which was released in 1973. Fans of Aston Villa F. C. also consider this tune as their unofficial club theme and it was performed by the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra on 6 June 2008. In 2004, Smith released a new CD, From Me To You, featuring new recordings of his biggest self-penned hits, Dont Let It Die and Oh, Babe, included in the liner notes were messages from Sir Paul McCartney and members of Pink Floyd
31.
Alistair Taylor
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James Alistair Taylor was the English personal assistant of Brian Epstein, the manager of the Beatles. As an employee at Epsteins company NEMS, Taylor accompanied him when he first saw the Beatles perform, Taylor subsequently worked as the groups so-called Mr. Fixit, devising escape routes from crazed fans and assisting the band members in purchasing property. He later became manager of Apple Corps but was fired soon after Allen Klein arrived to address the companys financial problems. Taylor published various memoirs of his years in the Beatles employ, including Yesterday, The Beatles Remembered, Epstein liked Taylor so much that he decided to offer him a job as his personal assistant in the shop. Taylor later claimed to have invented the name of Raymond Jones, as he wrote in The Beatles Book, Taylor thought NEMS was losing sales by not stocking the disc, The truth is that we were being asked for My Bonnie but no one actually ordered it. Brian would order any record once we had an order for it. I thought that we were losing sales and I wrote an order in the book under the name Raymond Jones and, from that moment the legend grew. Taylors claim that Jones was his pseudonym has since been undermined by author Spencer Leigh, in his book The Best of Fellas, Leigh expanded on the story, writing that NEMS and Epstein had communicated with Jones to acknowledge their debt once the Beatles became famous. Beatles biographer Mark Lewisohn has since offered his opinion that the information given by Jones to Leigh is verifiably accurate, Taylor accompanied Epstein to the Cavern Club when the latter first saw the Beatles play, at a lunchtime performance on 9 November 1961. As Epsteins personal assistant, Taylor witnessed crucial moments in the Beatles career and was present at the signing of the first contract with Epstein, in 1962, Taylor worked for Pye Records for 15 months, and moved to London due to his wifes asthma. In 1963 Taylor returned to NEMS to work as general manager and he later said that as the Beatles began to achieve widespread popularity that year, the consensus among the group and their management was, If we can last three years, it would be marvellous. The Beatles named him Mr. Fixit for his ability to find solutions to their needs and he was responsible for resolving the copyright issues surrounding the groups use of celebrity photographs on Peter Blakes cover for Sgt. Taylor also assisted the Beatles with property matters and he acted as consultant to John Lennon on the purchase of Dorinish Island for £1,550, and served as the middle-man when Paul McCartney bought High Park, his Scottish farm, in 1966. In author Peter Doggetts description, Alistair Taylor was sent to the Mediterranean like a colonial governor seeking a retreat for a monarch. When George Harrison and Pattie Boyd were house-hunting in 1969, the couple sought anonymity by having Taylor act as Boyds respectable husband while Harrison adopted the role of chauffeur. On one inspection, author Alan Clayson writes, their role play led to the owner turn to Pattie to ask whether Mr Harrison wanted to see the house as well. In December 1967, Taylor and his fellow NEMS employees Peter Brown, at Lennons invitation, he became general manager of the bands business empire, Apple Corps. In April 1968, Taylor appeared in a print advertisement to promote Apple and attract new artists to its nascent record label, designed by McCartney, the picture showed Taylor disguised as a one-man band
32.
Peter Vince
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Peter Vince was an English sound engineer, producer and operations manager at Abbey Road Studios. Vince was born in Fulham, London in July 1942 and was educated at Munster School, in April 1962 Vince became an engineer at Abbey Road Studios, then known as EMI Studios. In 1966, Vince was one of the first people to use direct injection for recording electronic bass guitars, in the early 80s, along with fellow engineers Mike Gray and Peter Mew, Vince was responsible for setting up EMIs first ever CD department. Peter took early retirement from EMI in 1997, after 35 years service and this included location recordings with organist Phil Kelsall in Blackpool, the Morriston Orpheus Choir in Swansea, and the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo
33.
Sid Bernstein
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Sidney Bernstein was an American music producer and promoter. Bernstein changed the American music scene in the 1960s by bringing The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Hermans Hermits, The Moody Blues and he was the first impresario to organize rock concerts at sports stadiums. Bernstein was born in New York City in 1918 and was adopted by a Russian Jewish family and he studied journalism at Columbia University before working in a ballroom and joining the US Army in 1943. During World War II, he was stationed in Britain and also served in France with the 602nd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Gun Battalion of the United States Army. After the end of the war he returned to New York and became the manager of mambo musician Esy Morales and he started work for the General Artists Corporation, and by the early 1960s was working as a booking agent for pop stars such as Dion and Chubby Checker. Bernstein helped start the British Invasion by first bringing The Beatles over to the United States from Britain, in late December 1963, the unknown Beatles were introduced to the Tidewater area of Virginia. Almost every other song played by the area’s DJs were Beatle records, accompanied by giveaways of shirts, etc. The following month in very early January 1964, the phenomenon occurred. They played at Carnegie Hall on February 12,1964, after their appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, Bernstein also booked them at Shea Stadium, a concert that Bernstein described as inaudible. During the Beatles Shea concert, Bernstein had the phrase The Rascals are coming, displayed on the Shea Stadium scoreboard. I had met the Rascals in the summer of 65 though Billy Smith who actually discovered this group in Westhampton Long Island playing at a called the Barge. I put their name up on the scoreboard - The Rascals are coming, a lot of people who hadnt seen pictures of them thought they were a black group. I sensed something big about them, Bernstein also brought British bands including The Rolling Stones, Hermans Hermits, The Moody Blues, and The Kinks to America. He also organized concerts for Tony Bennett, Ray Charles, Judy Garland, Frank Sinatra, Jimi Hendrix, Laura Nyro, Laura Branigan, Melanie, james Brown said that Bernstein was in the forefront of race relations by booking African-American musicians during the 1960s. He was the first to stage a show at Madison Square Garden. Bernstein died on August 21,2013 in Manhattan, aged 95 and he was survived by his wife Geraldine Gale, and their four sons, two daughters and six grandchildren. Bernstein wrote or coauthored several books, Its Sid Bernstein Calling Not Just the Beatles, at age 93, Bernstein released his first album as a singer. Sid Bernstein Presents. is a collection of some of his favorite songs, Bernstein is also the subject of Sid Bernstein Presents
34.
Peter Brown (music industry)
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Peter Brown is an American-based English businessman. After Brian Epstein recruited Brown to run the Epsteins music store in Liverpool and he remained Epsteins and the Beatles personal assistant until the bands dissolution. He helped found and served as member of Apple Corps. He went on to many companies and resides in New York City. He watched Browns sales technique and was impressed enough to lure Brown to work for NEMS with the offer of a higher salary, Brown became a confidant to the Epstein family and ran the music store for Epstein before becoming part of the Beatles management team. Brown was Epsteins and the Beatles personal assistant during the 1960s and he was one of few to have direct contact with each Beatle, travelling worldwide with the band members and knowing their daily whereabouts. Brown served as a member of Apple Corps, the Beatles company. After Epsteins death, Brown assumed many of the management duties Epstein had performed. Brown was with the Beatles at Rishikesh in 1968, Brown was witness to the wedding of Paul and Linda McCartney and best man at the wedding of John Lennon and Yoko Ono during 1969. Lennon mentioned Brown in a line from The Ballad of John and Yoko, after the Beatles disbanded in 1970, Brown became President and chief executive officer of the Robert Stigwood Organisation. In 1977, Brown formed the Entertainment Development Company and he founded Brown & Powers, a global public relations firm in 1983, which became BLJ Worldwide in. Brown co-wrote with author Steven Gaines The Love You Make, An Insiders Story of The Beatles, BLJ Worldwide – Global Strategic Communications
35.
Allen Klein
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He founded ABKCO Music & Records Incorporated. Klein revolutionized the potential of recording artists, who previously had been routinely victimized by onerous record company contracts. Although Klein greatly increased his clients incomes he also enriched himself, after years of pursuit by the IRS, Klein was convicted of a misdemeanor charge of making a false statement on his 1972 tax return, for which he spent two months of 1980 in jail. Klein was born in Newark, New Jersey, the fourth child, after military service, and with the assistance of the G. I. Bill, Klein majored in accounting at Upsala College, graduating in June 1957 and he was assigned to assist Joe Fenton in an audit of a music publishers organization, the Harry Fox Agency, and several record companies, including Dot Records, Liberty Records, and Monarch Records. In an early setback to Kleins career, he was fired by Joseph Fenton, the company wrote to the State of New Jersey urging officials not to approve him as a Certified Public Accountant, and Klein chose not to take the examination. He briefly attended law school but soon dropped out, a key early contact was attorney Marty Machat, who frequently performed legal work for Klein over the years. In June 1958 Klein married Betty Rosenblum, a Hunter College student seven years his junior, the couple had three children, Robin, Jody, and Beth. Klein acquired a reputation as a negotiator who could bring money to his clients. Two of them, rockabilly singers Knox and Bowen, were owed royalties by Roulette Records, morris Levy, co-owner of Roulette, feared because of his organized crime connections, was known to pay artists as little as possible. Klein persuaded him to pay Knox and Bowen the royalties they were owed over a four-year period, Kleins success with the Knox and Bowen negotiation brought him new clients, and he and Levy became lifelong friends. In 1963, Klein began a partnership with Jocko Henderson. Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, as Hendersons partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his one hit, You Send Me, among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a deal of money. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit, shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cookes contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal, Klein created a holding company, Tracey Ltd. which was owned by Klein and named after one of Cookes daughters. Tracey would manufacture Cookes recordings and give rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years
