1.
Districts of the Philippines
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The legislative districts of the Philippines are the divisions of the Philippines provinces and cities for representation in the House of Representatives. The first composition of legislative districts was enshrined in the Ordinance appended to the Constitution, changes in the composition of legislative districts were later added as new provinces and cities were created, and the composition was modified through laws enacted by Congress. Apportionment on local legislatures is also possible, Representation to the legislature traces its origin to the Spanish era, when the Philippines was granted very limited representation to the Spanish Cortes. Representation in the assembly was apportioned among the provinces with respect to their population, in 1916, the Philippine Legislature was reconstituted with a Senate as the upper house and the Assembly retained as the lower house. The Senate elected members through Senatorial Districts, a grouping of provinces and areas of the country, with the passage of the 1940 Amendments to the 1935 Constitution, a bicameral Congress was established with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The House of Representatives way of representation was like that of the Philippine Assembly, however, with the advent of the 1987 Constitution, the Batasan was scrapped and the Congress was restored. From 1916 to 1935, the Philippines was divided into 12 senatorial districts, each district except for the twelfth senatorial district elected two senators to the Senate. The senators from 12th senatorial district were appointed by the U. S. Governor-General, since 1941, when the Senate was restored, all twenty-four senators have been elected at-large in intervals. Increased representation, Decreased representation Representation in the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly follows the congressional districts, however, unlike one seat being contested in each district, three seats elected via plurality-at-large voting is done. Representation via provincial boards, known as Sangguniang Panlalawigan are also via legislative districts, the provinces income determines how many seats it is entitled to, with 6 seats being the least. If a province only has one district, the Commission on Elections then divides the province into two districts based on population and geography. At-large representation is used in municipalities through their Sangguniang Bayan. At-large representation is always via plurality-at-large voting Administrative divisions of the Philippines
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
4.
Metro Manila
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These 5 provinces, plus Metro Manila and Pampanga, sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015. The region is the center of culture, economy, education, NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority. Designated as a global city, NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines and its economic power makes the region the countrys premier center for finance and commerce. NCR accounts for 37. 2% of the domestic product of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the progenitor to the present-day Metro Manila, is one of the eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The province was honored as one of the sun rays in the Flag of the Philippines, a historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila serving as the center of colonial power, in 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901. Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the global cities. Pasig serves as its provincial capital, in 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed, the establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, later on, Quezon City eventually declared as the national capital from 1948-1976. The tile was re-designated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No.940 owing to its significance as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. During the war, President Manuel L. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor, Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezons principal lieutenant for administrative matters, the City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila, on November 7,1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No.824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region, on June 2,1978, through Presidential Decree No
5.
Taguig
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Taguig is a highly urbanized city located in south-eastern portion of Metro Manila in the Philippines. From a thriving fishing community along the shores of Laguna de Bay, according to the 2015 census, Taguig is the 7th most populous city in the Philippines after Zamboanga City, it has a population of 804,915. The local government of Taguig currently administers Bonifacio Global City, which is considered as one of Metro Manilas central business districts alongside Makati CBD and Ortigas Center. Taguig River, a tributary of the Pasig River cuts through the half of the municipality and Napindan River. The original 800-some farmer-fishermen of the area were good at threshing rice after harvest, hence they were referred to as mga taga-giik, and the settlement as pook ng mga taga-giik. Spanish friar Fray Alonso de Alvarado, together with conquistador Ruy López de Villalobos who crossed Pasig River to reach the present site in 1571 found taga-giik difficult to pronounce. Tagui-ig was later shortened to its current form Taguig, before the Spaniards came, Taguig was a part of the Kingdom of Tondo ruled by Rajah Sulayman. This was believed to have originated from Chinas Ming dynasty, Taguig was one of the earliest known territories to have been Christianized when the Spaniards succeeded in subjugating mainland Luzon through the Legazpi expedition in 1571. Between the years 1582 and 1583, Taguig was part of the encomienda of Tondo headed by an alcalde mayor and it was in 1587 when Taguig was established as a separate pueblo of the then province of Manila. Captain Juan Basi was its Kapitan from 1587 to 1588, according to records, Taguig had nine barrios then namely, Bagumbayan, Bambang, Hagonoy, Palingon, Sta. Ana, Tipas, Tuktukan, Ususan, and Wawa, records show that Tipas had once petitioned to become an independent town but was denied by the Spanish government. During that time, Taguig was accessible via the Pasig River, the population then was estimated to be 800 tributes. The town produced more than enough rice for consumption but had less sugar cane to mill, the men lived through fishing while women wove cotton cloth and sawali from bamboo strips. The people of Taguig were known to have resisted both Spanish and American colonial rule, during that early period of Spanish colonization. Don Juan Basi, Kapitan of Taguig from 1587 to 1588, took part in the Tondo Conspiracy, Basi was exiled for two years as punishment. When the Katipunan was on its years, many from Taguig became followers. The people of Taguig also joined the government of General Emilio Aguinaldo on August 6,1898. During the American occupation, they struggled against the forces of General Wheaton under the command of General Pio del Pilar
6.
Fort Bonifacio
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Fort Bonifacio, is the national headquarters of the Philippine Army and is located in southeastern Metro Manila in an area disputed between Taguig, Makati and Pateros. It is located near the headquarters of the Philippine Air Force. The camp is named after Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan during the revolutionary period of the Philippines against Spain - Philippine Revolution. Fort William McKinley, now Fort Bonifacio, was established during the Philippine–American War in 1901 and this expropriation was later challenged by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos and the US agreed to compensate, through him, in trust deposits. In 1916, the 3rd Battalion of the 31st Infantry Regiment was formed here, until December 1920, this was the home of the 31st Infantry Regiment. During World War II, the USAFFE headquarters for the Philippine Department, the bulk of the Philippine Division was stationed there and this was where, under the National Defense Act of 1935, specialized artillery training was conducted. On May 14,1949, Fort McKinley was turned over to the Philippine government, the facility became the home of the Philippine Army and later the Philippine Navy and was renamed Fort Bonifacio. It lies in the cities of Pasay, Parañaque, Makati, the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial was established here. Later, it was turned into a real estate development area called Bonifacio Global City, Military History of the Philippines Military History of the United States
7.
Philippine Standard Time
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Philippine Standard Time, also known as Philippine Time and informally Juan Time, is the official name for the time in the Philippines. The country only uses one time zone, and for a short period, geographically, the Philippines lies within 116°40′ and 126°34′ east of the Prime Meridian, and is physically located within the UTC+08,00 time zone. Philippine Standard Time is maintained by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, the Philippines shares the same time zone with Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, most parts of China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Brunei, central Indonesia, and Western Australia. Philippine Standard Time was instituted through Batas Pambansa Blg,8, approved on 2 December 1978 and implemented on 1 January 1983. The Philippines is one of the few countries to officially and almost exclusively use the 12-hour clock in non-military situations. From 1521 to 1844, the Philippines had the date as Mexico. Monday,30 December 1844 was immediately followed by Wednesday,1 January 1845 and this meant that International Date Line moved from going west of the Philippines to go on the east side of the country. At the time, local time was used to set clocks, meaning that every place used its own local time based on its longitude. Television and radio stations in the Philippines display the time, in September 2011, the Department of Science and Technology proposed to synchronise time nationwide in an effort to discourage tardiness. On May 15,2013, President Benigno Aquino III signed Republic Act No,10535, better known as the The Philippine Standard Time Act of 2013 as a last step to finally implement the Juan Time. Effective June 1,2013, all government offices and media networks will be required to use Philippine Standard Time as a basis to set their timepieces, in addition, the first week of January will be regularly observed as the National Time Consciousness Week. The IANA time zone database contains one zone for the Philippines in the file zone. tab, hapon starts at 1,00 PM and ends 5,59 PM. Gabí starts at 6,00 PM and ends 12,00 AM which is Hatinggabi, madalíng Araw starts at 12,01 AM and ends 4,59 AM. Except in very formal situations, Filipinos rarely use the numbers in telling time. - Alas otso kwarenta y uno ng gabí or Apatnapút-isá makalipas ng ikawaló ng gabí5,30 A. M, - Alas singko y medya ng umaga or Tatlumpûng minuto makalipas ng ikalimá ng umaga or ikalimá at kalaháti ng umaga 3,00 P. M. - Alas tres ng hapon o Ikatló ng hapon 12,00 P. M, - Alas dose ng tanghalì o Ikalabíndalawá ng tanghalì12,00 A. M. - Alas dose ng hatinggabi o Ikalabíndalawá ng hatinggabí2,00 A. M
8.
Manila
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Manila, officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. Founded on June 24,1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi and it is situated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is home to many landmarks, some of which date back to the 16th century. In 2012, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as a global city, the city proper is home to 1,780,148 people in 2015, forming the historic core of Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. The metropolitan area, which includes the much larger Quezon City, Manila is also the most densely populated city proper in the world, with 41,515 people per square kilometer. The term Manila is commonly used to refer to either the whole area or the city proper. Manila is located on the shore of the Manila Bay on one of the finest harbors in the country. The city has six districts for the lower house of the Philippine Congress. Manila was once ruled by the Kingdom of Tondo before it became a province of the Majapahit Empire. During the Bruneian invasion of the Philippines, Sultan Bolkiah of Brunei captured Seludong and renamed it Maynilà, Maynilà became a vassal state of the Sultanate of Brunei, established to overpower Tondo. In 1571, conquistadors arrived from Mexico, across the Pacific Ocean, Spanish missionaries soon Christianized the city, incorporated Tondo and built some of the oldest churches in the country, including San Agustin Church. The conquistadors renamed the area Nuevo Reino de Castilla, Manila became the center of Spanish activity in the Far East and one end of the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade route linking Spanish America with Asia, one of the earliest examples of globalization. Because of its location on Pacific trade routes, Manila received the moniker Pearl of the Orient. Spanish rule of the Philippine archipelago lasted for more than three centuries, until 1898, order was usually quickly restored and the city returned to the business of trade. In the 19th century, Manila was one of the most modern cities in Asia, before the Spanish–American War, it saw the rise of the Philippine Revolution. After the war, the United States took control, switched the official language from Spanish to English, near the end of World War II, during the Battle of Manila, most of the city was flattened by intensive aerial bombardment by the United States Air Force. As a result, relatively little remains of Manilas prewar and colonial architecture, although there are ongoing projects, especially within the old walled city. Maynilà, the Filipino name for the city, originated from the word nilà, referring to a mangrove tree that grew on the delta of the Pasig River. The flowers were made into garlands that, according to folklore, were offered to statues on religious altars or in churches
9.
Philippine Army
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The Philippine Army, is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines responsible for ground warfare. Commanding General, Lieutenant General Eduardo Año, former Chief of Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and its main headquarters is located at Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Metro Manila. Years of Spanish rule, which dragged on to almost three centuries made the Filipinos restive and they were soon clamoring for reforms and an end to oppressive friar rule. In 1896, Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan to prepare his band of freedom loving Filipinos for armed revolt, the Katipunan formed the nucleus of the Revolutionary Army. General Artemio Ricarte was named Captain General of the Ejercito en la Republica de las Islas Filipinas or the revolutionary Philippine Army and this date marks the founding day of the modern day Philippine Army. On June 12,1898, General Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine Independence from Spain and formed the first Philippine Republic, the treaty ceded the Philippines to the United States. On February 4,1899, the Filipino-American War erupted, due to the superiority of American arms, the Filipinos fell from one position to another until they were forced to disband. Even after the cessation of hostilities and as the Americans have established government in 1901. Between that time until 1935, the army lost many of its cohorts in sporadic engagements with American troops. Both of these organizations and their victories over the PRA contributed to the end of the conflict in 1902. Starting in 1910, Filipino personnel in the Philippine Scouts were sent to the United States Military Academy with one PS soldier being sent per year. Several of these graduates who served with the Scouts, plus PC officers, the Philippine Army of today was initially organized under the National Defense Act of 1935 that formally created the Armed Forces of the Philippines. After the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth on November 15,1935, the official rebirth of the Philippine Army occurred with the passage of Commonwealth Act No. 1, approved on December 21,1935, which effected the organization of a Council of National Defense, the act set forth the organizational structure of the army in some detail, set forth enlistment procedures, and established mobilization procedures. With this act, the AFP was officially established, the development of the new Philippine Army was slow. The commander of the Philippine Department provided Philippine Scouts as instructors and detailed U. S. Army officers to assist in the inspection, instruction, by the end of the year instructors had been trained and camps established. The first group of 20,000 men was called up on January 1,1937, coast artillery instruction was carried on at Fort Stotsenburg and at Grande Island in Subic Bay by personnel supplied largely by the American commander at Corregidor. On the same date, U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Presidential Order did not order all the military forces of the Philippine government into the service of the United States Armed Forces
10.
Makati
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Makati, officially the City of Makati, in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila. Makati is the center of the Philippines, it has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the country. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati, the biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange is situated along the citys Ayala Avenue. Makati is also known for being a cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila. With a population of 582,602, Makati is the 17th-largest city in the country, tradition holds that a Tagalog at a swamp on the south of the Pasig River was asked by a visitor, who was Miguel López de Legazpi, for the name of the place. As a result of the barrier the question was misinterpreted, and the Tagalog pointed to the receding tide of the Pasig River. Parts of the city were subject to the pre-Hispanic Kingdom of Namayan. It became an independent municipality in 1670, and was christened San Pedro de Macati in honour of the towns patron, the town was also famous for its pottery industry since the 18th century, with skilled potters trained by Jesuit priests. Its strategic location made it a pitstop for pilgrims, travelling by foot or boat, towards the shrine of Our Lady of Peace. In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Roxas purchased the Jesuit estate of Hacienda de San Pedro de Macati for 52,800 pesos, since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the Zóbel de Ayala family and their company, Ayala Corporation. Culi-Culi is now a barangay named in honour of Del Pilar, by 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines and other overseas possessions to the United States after the formers defeat in the Spanish–American War. That same year, the town, with a population of 25,000, was incorporated from Manila to the new province of Rizal. On February 28,1914, the The Philippine Legislature passed Act 2390, shortening the name, San Pedro de Macati, during that same period, Santa Ana Park, the nations second horse racing facility, opened to expectations from horse racing fans. After the destruction Second World War had brought upon Makati, and the subsequent closure of Nielson Field, the town grew rapidly, the first of the planned communities were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner, Ayala y Compañía. The first office buildings were built on what is now the Makati Central Business District, since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country. Makatis central location adjacent to the city of Manila also made it a hub for major national and international corporations. Partly as a result a new town hall just miles from the old one was built in 1962 just along J. P. Rizal Avenue. Mayor Bañolas term of office as town executive saw the building up of what is now the Ayala Center with the help of the Ayala firm, which would become the citys central shopping center of today
11.
Pateros, Metro Manila
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Pateros, officially the Municipality of Pateros, is a first-class municipality in Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 63,840 and this small town is famous for its duck-raising industry and especially for producing balut, a Filipino delicacy that is boiled duck egg. Pateros is also known for the production of red salty eggs and inutak, moreover, the town is known for manufacturing of alfombra, a locally-made footwear with a carpet-like fabric on its top surface. Pateros is bordered by Pasig City to the north, Makati City to the west and it is the smallest municipality in terms of land area in the Philippines. The name Pateros most likely derived from the duck-raising industry, the Tagalog loanword for duck is pato and pateros means duck-raisers. The early 19th-century U. S. diplomat Edmund Roberts used Duck-town, another name for Pateros, another, lesser-known theory is that the name may allude to the towns small shoemaking industry. The Tagalog word for shoe—also of Spanish origin—is sapatos, and shoemakers are called sapateros, before 1770, Pateros was only a barrio of Pasig until the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines issued a decree making Pateros an independent municipality. The town was composed of five barangays, Aguho, San Roque, Santa Ana, Santo Rosario. On March 29,1900, Pateros became one of the towns in the newly created province of Rizal,40, Act No.137 of the Philippine Commission, which was promulgated on June 11,1901. Then on October 12,1903, Act No.942 united Pateros with Taguig, the municipality was renamed Taguig on March 22,1905, through Act No.1308. Executive Order No.20 dated February 29,1908 partitoned Pateros from Taguig, on November 7,1975, Pateros became a part of the new Metropolitan Manila Area through Presidential Decree No.824. One of those maps was the 1968 Land Classification Map of the Bureau of Land, pateros’ decrease in territory was accounted to a cadastral mapping in Metro Manila conducted in 1978. The late Pateros Mayor Nestor Ponce challenged the map through a letter dated June 23,1978. But on January 1986, then President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No.2475 which stated that Fort Bonifacio is situated in Makati, because of that, a boundary dispute arose which moved Pateros to request a dialogue about that with then Municipal Council of Makati in 1990. Pateros also filed a complaint against Makati at the Makati Regional Trial Court in 1996, the case was brought to the Court of Appeals in 2003 but the case was also denied. The same case was elevated to the Supreme Court in 2009. Almost 2 decades later, the Supreme Court on June 16,2009, pursuant to the decision, Pateros invited Makati to a council-to-council dialogue. This happened on October 8,2009, four meetings were held and at the fourth dialogue on November 23,2009, a joint resolution was made stating that Makati is requesting a tripartite conference between Pateros, Taguig and Makati
12.
Ayala Corporation
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Ayala Corporation is the publicly listed holding company for the diversified interests of the Ayala Group. Founded in the Philippines by Domingo Róxas and Antonio de Ayala during the Spanish colonial rule, as of November 2015, it is the countrys largest corporation in terms of assets. The company began in 1834 with the formation of a distillery owned by Casa Róxas, the distillery was the maker of Ginebra San Miguel and was later acquired by La Tondeña, Inc. in 1929. In the late 19th century, Ayala participated in the construction of the Puente de Ayala over the Pasig River in Manila, built of wood in 1872, the bridge was reconstructed in steel in 1908 and became the first steel bridge in the Philippines. In 1888, Ayala introduced the first tramcar service in the Philippines, Ayala was responsible for the development of Makati as the financial district of Manila and the Philippines after World War II. In April 2010, FinanceAsia named Ayala Corporation as the company in the Philippines, as well as best for corporate governance. Clara Power for run-of-the-river hydro power, Ayala will contribute 1000 MW to the Philippine power supply, by 2015. In 2015, FinanceAsia awarded Ayala Corporation as the Best Managed Company in the Philippines in the 15th annual survey of top companies in Asia. In January 2006, the board of directors announced the decision by Jaime Zóbel de Ayala to retire as chairman of the corporation by April 2006. The board also announced his appointment as chairman emeritus upon his retirement, the Zóbel de Ayala familys holding company, Mermac, Inc. continues to hold the controlling stake in Ayala Corporation. In 2014, Ayala celebrated its 180th anniversary, the company is credited for having contributed to the socio-economic development of the Philippines. Ayala Corporation website Ayala at 175 magazine Philippine Stock Exchange Information Page on Ayala Corporation
13.
Philippine Scouts
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This page is about the military unit. For the article on the movement, please see Boy Scouts of the Philippines. The Philippine Scouts was an organization of the United States Army from 1901 until the end of World War II. Philippine Scout units were given a suffix of, to them from other U. S. Army units. The first Scout companies were organized by the US in 1901 to combat the Philippine revolutionary forces led at that time by General Emilio Aguinaldo, service and support formations were also organized as engineer, medical, quartermaster and military police units. The infantry and field regiments were grouped together with the U. S. 31st Infantry Regiment to form the U. S. Army’s Philippine Division, at this point, the Scouts became the U. S. Army’s front line troops in the Pacific. The Philippine Department assigned the Scouts to subdue the Moro tribes on the island of Mindanao, in the 1930s, Philippine Scouts, along with the 31st Infantry Regiment, saw action at Jolo, Palawan. Philippine Scout regiments became some of the first United States Army units to be in combat during World War II, even after that some individual soldiers and units refused to surrender and become beginning elements of the resistance to the Japanese occupation. Later paroled POWs would also join the resistance, when the Philippine Revolution erupted in 1896, a Spanish Colonel named Eugenio Blanco who had large estates near the town of Macabebe in Pampanga organized a regiment from among his clients. The Macabebes sided with the Spaniards even while the rest of Pampanga threw its support for the quest for independence, Macabebes protected the retreating Spaniards, rescuing friars and the families of the Spanish Army. At the conclusion of the Spanish–American War 270 men of this 72nd Macabebe Regiment found themselves stranded in Manila, many shipped out to join a Spanish garrison in the Caroline Islands, and the remainder slipped back into Macabebe after it was occupied by the Americans. The Macabebes proved themselves reliable over the two months, and Batson formed five companies of 128 men each, all veterans of service in the Spanish Army. In retaliation, Gen. Antonio Lunas troops burned the town of Macabebe, batsons Macabebe companies saw combat against Aguinaldos forces beginning in October 1899, after which they were reorganized into the Philippine Cavalry Squadron and enlisted as irregulars. The Macabebes won lasting notability in the operation under General Frederick Funston to capture General Aguinaldo, in 1901, on the Armys recommendation, U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt authorized the formation of a unified native Scouts organization. The Army activated this Native Scouts force in October 1901 by integrating 50 local companies into a force of 5,000 men. Over the next ten years, the Scouts won accolades from their American commanders which contributed to their survival as a unit, MacArthur took command of all military forces in the Philippines except the U. S. Navy’s Asiatic Fleet. The Philippine Division, Philippine Department and all other Philippine Scout units were included in USAFFE, at the time of USAFFEs formation, the unit consisted of 22,532 troops, of which 11,972 were Philippine Scouts
14.
William McKinley
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McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War, beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major. After the war, he settled in Canton, Ohio, where he practiced law, in 1876, he was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Partys expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial, which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office and he was elected Ohios governor in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 and he defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan, after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated sound money and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity. Rapid economic growth marked McKinleys presidency and he promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition, and in 1900, he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act. The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898, McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election, in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism, and free silver. William McKinley, Jr. was born in 1843 in Niles, Ohio, there, the elder McKinley was born in Pine Township, Mercer County. The family moved to Ohio when the senior McKinley was a boy and he met Nancy Allison there, and married her later. The Allison family was of mostly English descent and among Pennsylvanias earliest settlers, the family trade on both sides was iron-making, and McKinley senior operated foundries throughout Ohio, in New Lisbon, Niles, Poland, and finally Canton. The McKinley household was, like many from Ohios Western Reserve, steeped in Whiggish and abolitionist sentiment, William followed in the Methodist tradition, becoming active in the local Methodist church at the age of sixteen. He was a lifelong pious Methodist, in 1852, the family moved from Niles to Poland, Ohio so that their children could attend the better schools there. Graduating in 1859, he enrolled the following year at Allegheny College in Meadville and he remained at Allegheny for only one year, returning home in 1860 after becoming ill and depressed. He also spent time at Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio and he did not graduate from either university. Although his health recovered, family finances declined and McKinley was unable to return to Allegheny, first working as a clerk and later taking a job teaching at a school near Poland. When the Southern states seceded from the Union and the American Civil War began, among them were McKinley and his cousin William McKinley Osbourne, who enlisted as privates in the newly formed Poland Guards in June 1861. The men left for Columbus where they were consolidated with other units to form the 23rd Ohio Infantry. The men were unhappy to learn that, unlike Ohios earlier volunteer regiments, they would not be permitted to elect their officers, they would be designated by Ohios governor, William Dennison. Dennison appointed Colonel William Rosecrans as the commander of the regiment, McKinley quickly took to the soldiers life and wrote a series of letters to his hometown newspaper extolling the army and the Union cause
15.
Government of the Philippines
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The Government of the Philippines is the national government of the Philippines. The government has three interdependent branches, the branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the President, Judicial power is vested in the courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body. The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines which consists of the Senate, the upper house is located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City. The district and sectoral representatives are elected for a term of three years and they can be re-elected but they may not run for a fourth consecutive term. Senators are elected to a term of six years and they can be re-elected but may not run for a third consecutive term. The House of Representatives may opt to pass for a vacancy of a legislative seat, the winner of the special election will serve the unfinished term of the previous district representative, and will be considered as one elective term. The same rule applies in the Senate, however it only applies if the seat was vacated before a regular legislative election. The current President of the Senate is Aquilino Pimentel III, while the current Speaker of the House of Representatives is Pantaleon Alvarez, the executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines. The President is elected by popular vote, the principal workplace of the President is the Malacañang Palace in San Miguel, Manila. The executive branch is headed by President Rodrigo Duterte. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Vice President is first in line to succession if the President resigns, is impeached or dies. The Vice President is usually, though not always, a member of the presidents cabinet, if there is a vacancy in the position of vice-president, the President will appoint any member of Congress as the new Vice President. The appointment must then be validated by a vote of the Congress. The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines, the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70, the justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines. The sitting Chief Justice is Maria Lourdes Sereno, the 24th to serve in that position, the government and all three of its branches are independently monitored by the office of the Ombudsman. The Ombudsman is given the mandate to investigate and prosecute any government official guilty of crimes, especially Graft
16.
EDSA (road)
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Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, commonly referred to by its acronym EDSA, is a limited-access circumferential highway around Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is the longest and the most congested highway in the metropolis, the entire road itself is a part of the Circumferential Road 4 system, a network of roads and bridges that acts as the fourth beltway for the City of Manila. It is also a component of N1 of the Philippine highway network. The decent economic growth of the areas around the avenue adds a significant volume of traffic on the avenue, and in recent estimates, and an average of 2.34 million vehicles go through it every day. EDSA is a carriageway, often consisting of 12 lanes,6 in either direction. EDSA is not an expressway, but traffic rules and speed limits are implemented to the vehicles that pass along it. It is operated by the Metro Manila Development Authority and is maintained and constantly being repaired by the Department of Public Works, EDSA starts from the Bonifacio Monument Roundabout in Gracepark, Caloocan, adjacent to the Apolonio Samson Road, the western side of the C-4 Road. The roundabout is also the marker of the 1896 Revolution by Andres Bonifacio, the 1.7 kilometers of the road are in Caloocan. The Avenue will then enter Quezon City through the Balintawak District, EDSA crosses much of the northern part of Quezon City, passing through the Project 6 and Muñoz districts. It sharply curves southwards after crossing the North Avenue-West Avenue Intersection in the Triangle Business Park, on the north side of EDSA is the SM City North EDSA. In front of it is the TriNoma mall and the Eton Centris or Centris Walk and it continues through the district of Cubao, entering the Araneta Center after crossing the Aurora Boulevard Tunnel. In Cubao, several malls, infrastructure and offices are located, most notably the Smart Araneta Coliseum, the Avenue curves southwards and enters the Santolan and Socorro districts, where the twin military bases of Camp Rafael Crame and Camp Aguinaldo, are located. The Greenhills Shopping Center and the Eastwood City are also located nearby, EDSA then continues on its route and serves as the boundary of the cities of San Juan and Quezon City. The People Power Monument can be seen on the side of EDSA in the White Plains Avenue junction. After the 11 kilometers of EDSA in Quezon City, the Avenue will eventually leave the city, EDSA enters Mandaluyong after crossing the borders of the Ortigas Center. It then curves smoothly westwards after it crosses the Pioneer Street and it enters the city of Makati after crossing the Pasig River, passing through the districts of Guadalupe, Comembo and Magallanes. In Guadalupe, EDSA provides access to the Rockwell Center, a major business park in Makati. The highway also provides access to the city of Taguig
17.
Circumferential Road 5
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It is also known officially as Carlos P. Garcia Avenue, and as N11, N128 and N129 in the National Route Numbering System implemented in 2014. Expressway portions, part of the North Luzon Expressway Mindanao Avenue, the road serves as a beltway around Metro Manila, spanning some 32.5 kilometres as it transverses through the cities of Parañaque, Taguig, Makati, Pasig, Marikina, Quezon City and Valenzuela. It runs parallel to the four other beltways around Metro Manila, the road is not yet complete to date, because of certain controversies regarding right of way, but portions of the road are already open for public use. The proposal for the Metro Manila Arterial Road System was done in the late 1960s, the proposal states of building 10 Radial Roads and 6 Circumferential Roads to support the growing vehicular population of the Metropolitan Manila. The 5th Circumferential Road began construction in 1986, the C-5 road lies parallel to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, passing through the cities of Valenzuela, Quezon City, Marikina, Pasig, Makati, Taguig and Parañaque. The road is divided into segments, the western end of the road is located at MacArthur Highway in Karuhatan, Valenzuela and also a part of C-5 Road. Also known as the NLEX Segment 8, the NLEX-Mindanao Avenue connector is a 2, the entire 2.6 kilometres tollway is designated as part of a C-5 Road. Mindanao Avenue is a 6.7 kilometres, 10-lane divided carriageway that serves as the transportation corridor of the Talipapa. The northern terminus of the road is a dead end 1.1 kilometres north of the NLEX-Mindanao Avenue Connector Road, the 3.5 kilometres portion of the road from the NLEX-Mindanao Avenue Connector Road junction to Congressional Avenue is designated as a portion of the C-5 Road. Congressional Avenue is a 6 kilometres, 6-lane divided carriageway that serves as the main east to west transportation corridor of Muñoz, Culiat, the western terminus of the road is Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and the eastern terminus of the road is a junction with Luzon Avenue. The 3.9 kilometres portion of the road from Mindanao Avenue to Luzon Avenue is designated as a portion of C-5 Road, Luzon Avenue is a 2.5 kilometres, 4-lane divided/undivided municipal road that serves as the main thoroughfare of the Holy Spirit district of Quezon City. The northern terminus of the road is a junction with Holy Spirit Drive, the 850 metres portion of the road from Congressional Avenue to Commonwealth Avenue is designated as a portion of C-5 Road. Before crossing ending in Commonwealth Avenue, a 6-lane flyover starts 850 metres north of the junction, Tandang Sora Avenue is a 9.6 kilometres, 2-lane undivided municipal road that serves as the main thoroughfare of the Talipapa, Culiat and Tandang Sora districts of Quezon City. The northern terminus of the road is the Tullahan Road, while the terminus is the junction with Magsaysay Avenue inside the University of the Philippines campus. Furthermore, Tandang Sora Avenue becomes a 6-lane divided carriageway shortly after crossing Capitol Hills Drive,350 meters south of the flyover, after crossing Magsaysay Avenue, Tandang Sora Avenue becomes Katipunan Avenue. Katipunan Avenue is a 7.3 kilometres, 10-lane divided carriageway that serves as the transportation corridor of the Balara. The northern terminus of the road is Tandang Sora Avenue and the terminus is Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. The 4.8 kilometres portion of the road from its terminus to the intersection with Col. Bonny Serrano Avenue is designated as a portion of C-5 Road
18.
Kalayaan Avenue
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Kalayaan Avenue is a major east–west route in Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. For most of its length, it parallel to J. P. Rizal Avenue to the north from East Rembo near Fort Bonifacio to Singkamas Village by the border with Santa Ana. It is interrupted by Bel-Air Village between Amapola Street and Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, the avenue is designated as a component of Radial Road 4 of the Metro Manila Arterial Road System. Kalayaan Avenue was formerly called Pasig Line Street, Santa Ana district in Manila still bears that name for the street. It followed the defunct line of the Manila Electric Railway for most of its length. The line was built in 1908 but was damaged during World War II. Subsequent development of the Bel-Air Village by Ayala Corporation in 1957 has led to the closure of a segment of Pasig Line west of EDSA. During the term of President Ferdinand Marcos, the road was improved and was renamed to Imelda Avenue after his wife and first lady, following the overthrow of the Marcos regime, the Makati government renamed the avenue to Kalayaan. Kalayaan Avenue is split into two sections by Bel-Air Village. West Kalayaan The western section begins as a road from the intersection with Zobel Roxas Street next to Puregold Makati as a continuation of Pasig Line Street in Santa Ana district. It cuts across the portion of the city passing the residential and commercial villages of Tejeros, Santa Cruz, Olympia, Valenzuela, Bel-Air. Between South Avenue and Nicanor Garcia Street, Kalayaan bounds the Manila South Cemetery to the south and it crosses into the western edge of Bel-Air and Población where Saint Andrew the Apostle Church is located on Kalayaan and Reposo. At Makati Avenue, the road traverses a major entertainment and hotel district, with nightclubs, bars. The section of Kalayaan east of P. Burgos Street is home to many sports pubs and it ends at a merge with Rockwell Drive by the entrance to the gated Bel-Air Village where it continues as Mercedes Street. East Kalayaan East of Bel-Air at the intersection with EDSA, the avenue picks up as a 6-8 lane divided highway and it runs underneath the Kalayaan Flyover as it heads towards the entrance to Bonifacio Global City. It veers northeast at the junction with 32nd Street thereby avoiding the Bonifacio district, the road continues in this manner as it heads into Guadalupe Nuevo and Cembo, bending eastwards just before coming to an intersection with Eighth Avenue in West Rembo. The road transverses in Makati and terminates at the junction with J. P. Rizal Avenue Extension in East Rembo just a few hundred meters past C-5 Road. East of J. P. Rizal Extension, Kalayaan gives way to M. Concepcion Avenue as it continues east towards San Joaquin, Pasig
19.
McKinley Road
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McKinley Road is a tree-lined avenue linking the central business districts of Makati and Bonifacio Global City, Taguig in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is a continuation of Ayala Avenue, south of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and it is home to the exclusive Manila Polo Club and the Manila Golf and Country Club. McKinley Road has a residential character dominated by mansions with high walls, at its centerpiece is the Spanish Mission style Santuario de San Antonio church that faces the San Antonio Plaza, the main public square of Forbes Park. A small arcade stands on the side of the plaza which houses a Rustans grocery, a gourmet deli, a few cafés. The rest of Forbes Park on both sides of McKinley is closed to non-residents, the road originally served as a northwest-southeast route between Fort McKinley and Pasay. It was an extension of Calzada de Pasay that linked Nielson Field in San Pedro de Macati to Fort McKinley, the roads terminus was the Carabao Gate at the entrance to the Fort, on what is now the intersection with Fifth Avenue. After World War II, the airport was decommissioned and was redeveloped along with surrounding estates by its owners, the shorter runway was converted into what is now Ayala Avenue and was extended south towards the new suburban village of Forbes Park. The intersection at Fifth Avenue is dominated by the Fairway Tower, the road winds past the southern edge of the Manila Golf Course as it heads toward the clubs entrance at Harvard Road. The Manila Polo Club entrance is on the side of McKinley opposite the golf course on a small side street not far from Harvard. Continuing a further 400 meters as the road slightly to the northwest. From Banyan Street just past the Plaza to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, the road terminates at EDSA next to a Shell gas station. North of EDSA, the road resumes as Ayala Avenue as it heads into the heart of Ayala Center, in Bonifacio, it continues as McKinley Parkway which heads east to the SM Aura Premier and Serendra developments
20.
Villamor Air Base
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Villamor Air Base, named for Filipino WWII pilot Jesús A. Villamor is the home of the Philippine Air Force and shares runways with the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. It is also known as Nichols Field or Nichols Air Base, the field was the location of the U. S. Far East Air Forces U. S. 20th Air Base Group, also, based at the field was Troop F of the U. S. 26th Cavalry Regiment. A Fifth Air Force base, Nichols Field was within the territory of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, designated Nichols Air Base after Philippine independence, in 1997 the base was reduced to make way for construction of NAIA Terminal 3 and Newport City. In 2007, a Skyway exit to both the air base and NAIA Terminal 3 was completed, in 2010, the AVSECOM van which had carried the body of Ninoy Aquino to the hospital after his assassination in 1983 was found rotting inside Nichols Air Base. This was reported two years later in the popular ABS-CBN News website. Photos of this death van were subsequently posted on the site of the Filipino investigative journalist, Raissa Robles
21.
Serendra
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Serendra is a residential project of Ayala Land, Inc. located between 11th Avenue and McKinley Parkway, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila. The project consists of low-to-mid-rise terraced sections in the first few phases, gradually spiraling to taller section in later phases and it has a floor area ratio of about 4 to 5. Only pedestrians are allowed at the floor, i. e. no vehicles. It is divided into two parts, One Serendra, project of Ayala Land Premier, and Two Serendra, project of Alveo Land Corp. a fully owned subsidiary of Ayala Land, Inc. Sections ABCDE of Two Serendra are connected to Two Serendra Phase III by a landmark bridge, which is for the exclusive use of the residents
22.
Pacific Plaza Towers
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The Pacific Plaza Towers are high-end residential condominium skyscrapers located across One McKinley Place in Bonifacio Global City, Philippines. The twin 53-storey buildings, the North Tower and South Tower, were completed in 2001 and they are currently the 20th and 21st-tallest buildings in the country and Metro Manila as well. Pacific Plaza Towers began groundbreaking and excavated in 1997, with first concrete pouring in 1998 and it began to rise on January 1999 it topped off For South Tower in January 2000. Followed by North Tower two months later, It was completed on September 2000 and it held its soft opening on February 22,2001 and Inaugurated on March 9,2001. It took the record of being the Tallest twin-towers in Philippines from Salcedo Park Twin Towers from 2001 to 2009, until The St. Francis Shangri-La Place was completed
23.
One McKinley Place
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The One McKinley Place is a high-end residential condominium located across Pacific Plaza Towers in Bonifacio Global City, Philippines. The 43-storey building, was completed in 2004 and rises to 149 metres from the ground to its architectural top and it was the tallest single residential tower in Bonifacio Global City until the completion of The Infinity Fort Bonifacio in 2011. One McKinley Place began groundbreaking and excavation in 1997, with first concrete pouring in 1998 and it began to rise on January 1999. It topped off in January 2000, One year later, construction stopped for a while but resumed in 2002 and was completed in 2003. It was the tallest single tower in Taguig City from 2004 to 2011, in 2006, it is featured on Imagos Taralets Music Video as a background alongside Pacific Plaza Towers. Resumes work 2002 One McKinley Place at Emporis
24.
Bonifacio High Street
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Bonifacio High Street is a mixed-use development in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines located just near Serendra, Market. It is owned by Ayala Malls, a subsidiary of Ayala Land. It opened in the 2007 and it is one of Ayala Corporations flagship projects, the mall offers a mix of high-end retail shops, restaurants, amenities, leisure and entertainment in the Philippines. The Bonifacio High Street South is a block which is a part of the bigger Bonifacio High Street Complex. It will house 2 condominium buildings called The Maridien similar to the nearby Serendra while facing the Bonifacio High Street Main blocks, also there will be a series of landscaped parks and commercial buildings that would comprise the block. It draws big inspiration from boutique districts of New York, Singapore, Tokyo, Bonifacio High Street Stores in Bonifacio High Street Bonifacio High Street South Bonifacio High Street at FBDC
25.
Philippine Stock Exchange
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The Philippine Stock Exchange, Inc. is the national stock exchange of the Philippines. The exchange was created in 1992 from the merger of the Manila Stock Exchange, including previous forms, the exchange has been in operation since 1927. The main index for PSE is the PSE Composite Index composed of thirty listed companies, the selection of companies in the PSEi is based on a specific set of criteria. There are also six additional sector-based indices, the PSE is overseen by a 15-member Board of Directors, chaired by José T. Pardo. On February 3,1936, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced that it had relinquished control of the Manila Stock Exchange, the Philippine Stock Exchange was formed on December 23,1992 from the merger of the Manila Stock Exchange and the Makati Stock Exchange. Both exchanges traded the same stocks of the same companies, on January 4,1993, the former Manila Stock Exchange started the computerization of its operations using the Stratus Trading System with a company called Equicom. On June 15, the former Makati Stock Exchange adopted the MakTrade trading system, both systems were linked on March 25,1994 to produce a One Price-One Market exchange. In October 2004, the Securities Clearing Corporation of the Philippines, the SCCP acts as the settlement coordinator and risk manager for broker transactions as well as administrator of the trade guaranty fund. The ODiSy provides a 24/7 online system access for the submission of all types of disclosures, on July 26,2010, the PSE launched its new trading system, PSEtrade, which replaced the MakTrade system. The system was acquired from the New York Stock Exchange, on June 22,2015, the PSE launch its new trading system, the PSEtrade XTS, which will replace the PSEtrade system acquired from the New York Stock Exchange. The new trading system will be acquired from the NASDAQ In 2016, on March 2,2012, the PSE Composite hits 5,000 mark the highest record close. However, in December 12,2012, almost ten months after, on January 7,2013, the PSE Composite gets to all-time record at 6,000 mark. In March it again broke another record by ending the day at 6,847.47 after Fitch Group upgraded the Philippines for the first time to investment grade status. On May 10,2013, it achieved its 29th record close for the closing at 7,262.38. In May 15,2013, the PSEi hit its 30th all-time high of 7403.65 and ending the day at 7,392.2 <Rappler, May 15,5,18 PM>. However, the tapering by the Federal Reserves in the United States caused the PSEi to end at 5,889.83. On April 6,2015, the PSE Composite hits the 8,000 mark, construction of the Philippine Stock Exchange office tower in Bonifacio Global City is expected to be completed by mid-2016. The remaining six indices are sector indices based on a main source of revenue
26.
Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company
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The Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company, commonly known as Metrobank, is the second largest bank in the Philippines. It offers various services, from regular banking to insurance. It is the arm of tycoon George Ty. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company was established by a group of businessmen on September 5,1962 at the Wellington Building in Binondo, in August 1963, the bank’s first branch was established in Divisoria. Four years later, Metrobank opened its Davao branch, the bank’s first provincial branch, at the onset of the 70s, Metrobank opened its first international branch in Taipei, Taiwans capital city. The Central Bank, in April 1977, authorized Metrobank to operate a Foreign Currency Deposit Unit, in the same year, branches and offices totaled 100 and the bank inaugurated its new Head Office at Metrobank Plaza in Makati. On August 21,1981, the Central Bank authorized Metrobank to operate as a universal bank, in September 1982, the number of Metrobank branches, offices and subsidiaries surpassed the 200 mark. A year later, Metrobank topped all the domestic bank in total resources with P8.8 billion. The bank continued to experience steady growth through the years and in September 1989, the bank’s total capital funds on June 30,2006 stood at P57.3 billion. Its consolidated resources amounted to P588.1 billion as of the same period, as of June 2007 assets reached P669.1 billion. In 1990, alongside Chinabank, Citibank, RCBC and Security Bank, Metrobank become a member of BancNet. Robert Browns Wear Inc, Toyota Financial Services Corporation, Toyota Cubao, Toyota Manila Bay Corporation, First Metro Securities Corporation, First Metro International Investment Co. Ltd. Metro Remittance Singapore, Metro Remittance UK Limited, Metro Remittance SpA, Metro Remittance S. A. the Metrobank Group has a combined network of over 800 local and international branches/offices, remittance offices and subsidiaries worldwide. On September 28,2009, Metrobank is the first local bank to offer a line of CNY denominated offerings, the BSP data revealed Metrobank has a Lehman Brothers exposure of $71 million, and it set aside a buffer equivalent to 70% of its exposure. Toyota Financial Services Philippines Corporation Toyota Manila Bay Corporation Toyota Motor Philippines Corporation First Metro International Investment Corporation Ltd and its main competitor is BDO Unibank of tycoon Henry Sy and Bank of the Philippine Islands of the Ayala group. But other major competitors include Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation, Land Bank of the Philippines, EastWest Bank, Security Bank, Chinabank and Philippine National Bank of tycoon Lucio Tan
27.
Chinese International School Manila
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The Chinese International School Manila is a private, non-partisan, co-instructive K-12 international school located in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The school offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, english is the medium of direction with Mandarin classes taught day by day. CISM has been authorized since 2011 as an International Baccalaureate World School. In 2014, CISM was granted membership to the Council of International Schools which sets standards for international education, the Mandarin Language program focuses on listening, speaking, singing, rhyming and character sighting with some initial work on writing. Emphasis is placed on tone differentiation and pronunciation, Mandarin Chinese is taught by a specialist teacher. The Pre-Kinder and Kindergarten project includes Language Arts, Math, Science, dialect reading proficiency and fundamental learning abilities are underlined. The Mandarin Language system concentrates on tuning in, talking, singing, rhyming, accentuation is set on tone separation and articulation. The educational module in Elementary School has homerooms, homerooms are used for the four center modules, Language Arts, Math, Science, and Social Studies. Mandarin, the center module, is taught in the Chinese Language Lab. Music, Art, Computer Studies, and Physical Education is taught by pro instructors, in the high school levels, during evaluations 11 and 12, understudies may pick to select in the IB Diploma Programme. Chinese International School Manila official website Chinese International School Manila Connect official blogsite
28.
Enderun Colleges
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It was established in 2005, then in its former campus in Wynsum Corporate Plaza in Ortigas Center. In 2008, it moved to its permanent 1. 7-hectare campus in McKinley Hill, Bonifacio Global City, Metro Manila. Enderun takes it name from Enderun, the school established in Turkey during the Ottoman Empire where the most promising children were educated in, among other things. Enderun Colleges’ bachelor’s degree programs are accredited by the Commission on Higher Education,2005 Established by a group of business and community leaders, Jack Tuason, Javier Infante, and John Suits, who previously founded Ambergris Solutions, now known as TELUS International Philippines. Joined by Daniel Perez, an alumnus of Les Roches International School of Hotel Management, with prominent business leaders Jean-Henri Lhuillier of PJ Lhuillier, Inc. Rosanna Fores of TELUS International Philippines, John Tiu of JTKC Group of Companies, Alvin Lao of Chemrez Technologies,2006 Launched with the accreditation of the Philippine Commission on Higher Education, with Dr. Lorraine Villanueva as the founding dean and with 80 pioneer students. The college offered one degree, International Hospitality Management, with specialization in Hotel Administration or Culinary Arts, formed an academic partnership with Les Roches Swiss Hotel Association Hotel Management School, a top hotel and tourism management college in Switzerland and Spain. The partnership allows Enderun students to earn a Certificate in Hospitality Operations from Les Roches as they study for their Enderun’s bachelors degree, Established a partnership with Alain Ducasse Formation or ADF, the professional training center of well respected chef Alain Ducasse. The partnership gives Enderun’s culinary students the opportunity to earn an ADF certificate as they take their bachelor’s degree, the curriculum integrates the culinary methods of Alain Ducasse himself, one of the world’s most celebrated chefs, into the Enderun Culinary program. 2008 Simon Bakker joined as Vice President for Business Development, moved to its permanent 1. 7-hectare campus in McKinley Hill, Bonifacio Global City. Holdings company A. Soriano Corporation made an investment into Enderun, opened Enderun Extension, the continuing education arm of Enderun Colleges. 2010 Launched its third program, the Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship, Alain Ducasse visited the college with an industry forum titled “Before Cuisine, There Was Nature, ” where Ducasse was keynote speaker. Launched the Ducasse Institute Philippines, the first Ducasse Institute outside France, the Hotel Administration Center and the College of Business and Entrepreneurship buildings, inspired by Asian colonial architecture, contain classrooms, faculty rooms, and administration offices. Enderun collaborated with Ducasse Education in conceptualizing and creating the Ducasse Institute Philippines, the design and arrangements were constructed in conformity to the specifications of Ducasse Education. It features state-of-the-art kitchen and teaching facilities, located at the ground floor of the culinary center is Restaurant 101, a student-manned restaurant. Enderun offers a Bachelor of Science in International Hospitality Management with specialization in Hotel Administration or Culinary Arts, for the specialization in Hotel Administration, Enderun is partnered with Les Roches International School of Hotel Management in Switzerland. The partnership allows students to earn a Certificate in Hospitality Operations from Les Roches, Enderun’s Bachelor of Science in Business Administration has four majors under Business Administration – Marketing Management, Operations Management, Financial Management and Technology Management. The Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship is designed for students who want to start a business or expand, students have optional concentrations that are relevant to their business
29.
Heroes' Cemetery
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Heroes Cemetery, officially known as Libingan ng mga Bayani, is a national cemetery within Fort Bonifacio in Western Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. Among those buried in the cemetery are Filipino soldiers who died during the Philippine Campaign, former President Ferdinand Marcos is the most recent president to be buried there, after the Supreme Court of the Philippines dismissed petitions against his burial on 8 November 2016. The cemetery was first established in May 1947 as the Republic Memorial Cemetery and it was established as the Filipino counterpart to the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, which houses the remains of United States personnel who died during the same war. On 27 October 1954, President Ramon Magsaysay renamed the Republic Memorial Cemetery as the Libingan ng mga Bayani, on 28 May 1967, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Proclamation No. He ordered it placed under the administration of the Military Shrines Services of the Philippine Veterans Affairs Office and this military-issued regulation established the internment policy that would become the basis for the burial of personalities at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. In 2007, due to overcrowding at the Fort Bonifacio site, only one has been completed so far, the ₱24-million, five-hectare extension at Camp Hernandez in Dingle, Iloilo. The cemetery is administered and maintained by the Grave Service Unit and its mission is to provide burial and niche services to deceased military personnel and other personalities interred at the cemetery. Aside from maintaining the cemetery and the grave site at Manila North Cemetery. Inscripted on the tomb are the words, Here lies a Filipino soldier whose name is only to God. Behind the tomb are three pillars representing the three main island groups in the Philippines, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. There are several pylons as well commemorating the gallantry of Filipino soldiers who died in wars in world history. Burial of Ferdinand Marcos Capas National Shrine Mount Samat National Shrine Media related to Heroes Cemetery at Wikimedia Commons Libingan ng mga Bayani
30.
Manila American Cemetery
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The Manila American Cemetery and Memorial is located in Fort Bonifacio, Metro Manila, within the boundaries of the former Fort William McKinley. It can be reached most easily from the city via Epifano de los Santos Ave. to McKinley Road, the Nichols Field Road is the easiest access from Manila International Airport to the cemetery. The cemetery,152 acres or 615,000 square metres in area, is located on a prominent plateau, visible at a distance from the east, south and west. With a total of 17,206 graves, it has the largest number of graves of any cemetery for U. S. personnel killed during World War II and holds war dead from the Philippines and other allied nations. Many of the personnel whose remains are interred or represented were killed in New Guinea, the headstones are made of marble which are aligned in eleven plots forming a generally circular pattern, set among a wide variety of tropical trees and shrubbery. The Memorial is maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission, the cemetery is open daily to the public from 9,00 a. m. to 5,00 p. m. except December 25 and January 1. Otherwise, this cemetery has only one Commonwealth War Dead burial in World War I, the entrance to the cemetery is at the far side of the large grassed circle just beyond the military sentinels post which is at the junction of Rizal Drive and Eighth Avenue. Immediately beyond the gate is the plaza with its circular fountain, stretching from the plaza to the memorial is the central mall, which is lined with mahogany trees. Circular roads leading eastward and westward through the area join the straight roads along the edges of the mall. Twenty-five large mosaic maps in four rooms recall the actions of the United States Armed Forces in the Pacific, China, India, carved in the floors are the seals of the American states and its territories. Twenty-three Medal of Honor recipients are buried or memorialized at the Manila cemetery, also honored are the five Sullivan Brothers, who perished when the light cruiser USS Juneau was sunk in June 1942. A. Peter Dewey, an OSS officer killed in Saigon shortly after World War II ended, is listed on the Tablets of the Missing, the Camp ODonnell Memorial is dedicated to the memory of the Battling Bastards of Bataan. Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, Many Photographs and Information about the Cemetery, Manila American Cemetery and Memorial at Find a Grave
