1.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
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Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Holmby Hills, Los Angeles
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Holmby Hills is an affluent neighborhood in the district of Westwood in western Los Angeles. It is bordered by the city of Beverly Hills on the east, Wilshire Boulevard on the south, Beverly Glen Boulevard on the west, Sunset Boulevard is the areas principal thoroughfare which divides Holmby Hills into north and south sections. However, Holmby Hills can be recognized by its street lamps. In an effort to decrease traffic in the neighborhood, speed bumps have been installed on several key streets, Holmby Hills, Bel Air, and Beverly Hills form the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles. It is bordered by the city of Beverly Hills on the east, Wilshire Boulevard on the south, Westwood on the west, the section of Holmby Hills north of Sunset is within the Beverly Crest district of Los Angeles. The area of present-day Holmby Hills was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans, in 1858, he sold it to Benjamin Davis Wilson, of early Pasadena development, the second Mayor of Los Angeles, and namesake for Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains. He paid $10 an acre and built a house, near the present-day Mormon Los Angeles Temple. The development of Holmby Hills began when Arthur Letts, Sr. purchased 400 acres of the original Wolfskill ranch at $100 an acre. He called the development Holmby Hills, which was derived from the name of his birthplace, a small hamlet in England called Holdenby. Letts died suddenly in 1923, before he could realize his vision and his son-in-law, Harold Janss, took over the project. Zoning for the community, which straddles Sunset Boulevard, was designed to accommodate lot sizes up to 4 acres, in the 1920s, English-style streetlamps were added specifically for the neighborhood. After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, grand mansions were constructed, according to the Holmby Hills Homeowners Association website, In the 1920s, Sunset Boulevard was a two-lane country road, known as Beverly Boulevard. It was renamed when it was opened through to the Pacific Ocean, when Sunset Boulevard was expanded into a four-lane thoroughfare, Holmby Hills was, for all practical purposes, split into north and south sections. The neighborhood is home to two parks, Holmby Park and De Neve Square Park and it is located next to the Los Angeles Country Club. The Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation, an art gallery named after Frederick R. Weisman, is located on North Carolwood Street and it includes works by many noted artists, including impressionists, post impressionist, surrealist, and many more, up through to today. Los Angeles Fire Department is in the area, residents are zoned to the following Los Angeles Unified School District schools, Warner Avenue Elementary School, Emerson Middle School, and University High School. Holmby Hills is a few blocks east of the University of California, the only school located within Holmby Hills is the Middle School component of the independent Harvard-Westlake School. The campus was occupied by Westlake School for Girls, which moved from its original site near downtown L. A. to the Holmby Hills campus in 1927
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Americans
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Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
6.
The Bold and the Beautiful
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The Bold and the Beautiful is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. Set in Los Angeles, California, the show centers upon the Forrester family, the program features an ensemble cast, headed by its longest-serving actors John McCook as Eric Forrester and Katherine Kelly Lang as Brooke Logan. Since its premiere, the show has become the most-watched soap in the world, as of 2010, it continues to hold on to the second-placed position in weekly Nielsen Ratings for daytime dramas. The Bold and the Beautiful has also won 31 Daytime Emmy Awards, including one for Outstanding Drama Series in 2009 and again in 2010, as well as in 2011. On September 7,2011, the series switched to high definition, making it the second-to-last American soap to make the switch, at the time. B&B was the last American soap opera to make the transition due to the cancellation of ABCs One Life to Live before it returned along with All My Children on April 29,2013. It is the youngest airing daytime soap opera in the United States, since December 2,2013, The Bold and the Beautiful now airs same day CBS repeats on Pop. Set in Los Angeles, California, The Bold and the Beautiful centers around the Forrester family, the young lovers hurried to get married after Stephanie became pregnant. It was discovered later, when the children were all adults. The pilot episodes of the focuses on the preparations of the wedding of the Forresters eldest son, Ridge, to Caroline Spencer Forrester. At this time Ridge has already become a designer and vice president of Forrester Creations. In an ironic twist of fate, Beth was Erics college girlfriend before he married Stephanie, Brookes life soon becomes a key element in the series. Originally from a background, her love affair with Ridge sets up much of the story-line. Every so often, Ridge and Brooke reunite only to break up due to various circumstances, in addition, the rivalry between Ridges mother Stephanie and Brooke plays a key role in the drama. Following one of her breakups with Ridge, Brooke marries his father Eric, Brooke gives birth to two of Erics children. They eventually divorce and Eric reconciles with Stephanie, Eric eventually marries Brooks sister, Donna Logan and legally adopts her son Marcus. They later divorce due to their familys bitter history, Felicia and Kristen Forrester choose to follow their own paths, leaving the family company to be run by Ridge, Thorne, Rick, Marcus, and their families. For many years, Spectra Fashions was Forresters main rival, headed by Sally Spectra, sallys daughter Macy Alexander, a singer, undergoes many traumas, most notably alcoholism
7.
Colleen Bell
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Colleen Bradley Bell is an American television producer known for her work on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful and for her involvement in various social issues. She was appointed United States Ambassador to Hungary by then-United States President Barack Obama, prior to assuming the ambassadorship, Bell lived with her family in Los Angeles, California. Bell was born in 1967 in Evanston, Illinois, to Sheila, a designer, and Edward Bradley. Bell studied economics and political science at Sweet Briar College in Sweet Briar, Virginia, Bells television career began in 1991 at Bell-Phillip Television Productions, the production company for the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. Bell served in roles for the show, including associate producer. She became a producer in 2012. As producer, Bell has received three Daytime Emmy Award nominations when The Bold and the Beautiful was nominated for Outstanding Drama Series in 2013,2014 and 2015, Bell is active in issues advocacy and philanthropy. In 2007, she met with Senator Barbara Boxer about global warming as part of a delegation from the Leadership Council, in 2010 Bell was named to President Barack Obamas Advisory Committee on the Arts, and in 2011 she was elected chairperson. Obama appointed Bell to the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Board of Trustees in 2012, additionally, she has served as a trustee of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Los Angeles Music Center and vice chairperson of the Childrens Institute Inc. Bell is also active in the Democratic Party, and served as a delegate to the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. As a bundler, Bell helped raise more than $2.1 million for Obamas 2012 presidential campaign, on November 6,2013, President Obama nominated Bell to succeed Eleni Tsakopoulos Kounalakis as ambassador to Hungary. Bell was one of three nominees who, according to the Washington Post, came to symbolize the problems with giving plum overseas diplomatic assignments to big political donors. Senator John McCain questioned Bells lack of experience and knowledge of Hungary. In an article for Politico, James Bruno, a former U. S. career foreign service officer, Senator Barbara Boxer supported Bell, noting her intelligence and ability to make friends. The Senate confirmed Bell in a 52-42 vote on December 2,2014, on January 19,2015, Bell arrived in Budapest, ending the 18-month absence of an American ambassador which had existed since Kounalakis departed in July 2013. Bell presented her credentials to President János Áder of Hungary on January 21,2015, in February 2015, Bell signed an agreement that, pending ratification by both countries legislatures, would end dual taxation of U. S. and Hungarian citizens. S. Also in February, Bell spoke in support of Ukrainian sovereignty during the conflict between Ukraine, which is Hungarys northeastern neighbor, and Russia. Bells comments in support of Ukraine were notable because her remarks to diplomats from NATO member states came as Russian President Vladimir Putin was visiting Budapest
8.
William J. Bell
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William Joseph Bill Bell was an American screenwriter and television producer, best known as the creator of the soap operas Another World, The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful. Bell was married to talk show host Lee Phillip Bell, who co-created The Young and the Restless and The Bold. Their three children, Bill Jr. Bradley, and Lauralee, and daughter-in-law Maria Arena Bell are all involved in their parents soaps in some capacity. Brenda Dickson, an original cast member of The Young and The Restless and he then went on to wreak havoc on her personal and professional life by hiring Mafia cartel judges and attorneys to ruin her life. As a result, she ended up broke and homeless and has been blocked from working ever since, on April 29,2005, Bell died at age 78 from complications of Alzheimers disease. He is buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles and he started out as a comedy writer at WBBM-TV in Chicago, and one day he made a call to Irna Phillips secretary Rose Cooperman asking her Does Irna have an opening. Rose said Irna did have an opening, by the time he got there it turned out the guy who was leaving decided to stay. About two years later William J. Bell was in advertising business and he ran into Irnas niece and she mentioned him to Irna and Ms. Phillips remembered who he was, she also knew his wife, who was a celebrity in Chicago at that time. He started out at $75 a week and ended up living in what once was Howard Hughes villa and his mother regularly listened to radio soap operas, Life Can Be Beautiful, The Romance of Helen Trent, Our Gal Sunday and The Guiding Light. Bell co-created Another World with Phillips in 1964, in 1965, he co-created the primetime As the World Turns spinoff Our Private World. In 1966, he was hired as writer of the then-struggling soap Days of Our Lives. Bell was credited with the initial surge of popularity. Bell changed the dynamics of soaps when he began focusing on sexuality, formerly, soap operas did not delve into the sexual side of their romances. He intended to leave the show around 1972 when he began creating his own show The Young and the Restless and he remained as head writer until 1975. In 1972, CBS executives wanted a new daytime serial that was youth oriented, William along with his wife Lee Phillip Bell created The Young and the Restless for the network under the working title, The Innocent Years. However, before the show went into production, he had to rename the series as Bell mentioned. We were confronted with the very disturbing reality that young America had lost much of its innocence. Innocence as we had known and lived it all our lives had, in so many respects and they renamed the series to The Young and the Restless because they felt it reflected the youth and mood of the early seventies. He spent between ten and sixteen hours a day writing stories, the Young and the Restless debuted on March 26,1973
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Lee Phillip Bell
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Loreley Lee June Phillip Bell is a former talk show host and soap opera creator. Bell was born Loreley June Phillip in Chicago, Illinois, to florists James and her parents named her after a French flower. She has a brother, J. R. and a younger brother. Bell is one of the most notable graduates from what is now known as Riverside-Brookfield High School in Brookfield and she then received a degree in microbiology from Northwestern University. After graduating from Northwestern, Bell returned to work in her familys floral shop with her brothers, on occasion, she accompanied her brother Russell to the local television station where he worked on a local talk show demonstrating flower arrangement. Eventually, she took over this job from him, before quitting the floral shop altogether and she was eventually named as a host of a WBBM talk show named for her. The Lee Phillip Show was notable in that it was the first to show an on air self breast examination, the Lee Phillip Show was also shown in other cities in the early 1960s, usually by CBS network affiliates. The show received 16 local Emmy Awards, and ran from 1952 to 1986 and she also hosted other programs, including a Saturday morning childrens program on WBBM-TV titled Lee Phillips Friendship Show. She was co-host of a WBBM Radio weekday afternoon show with Paul Gibson titled The Lady & The Tiger, while working at the talk show, Bell met advertising agent William J. Bell, later marrying him in 1954. The marriage lasted until his death in 2005, during the early days of their marriage, he left advertising and began writing soap operas like Guiding Light, As the World Turns and Another World with Irna Phillips. Lee Bell would learn about important issues via her television show, and pass them along to her husband, who in turn would weave them into his storylines. After leaving her TV show, Bell joined her husband to co-create the popular CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless in 1973 and its sister show The Bold and she also served as executive producer of The Bold and the Beautiful in the 1980s. She won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1975 for Outstanding Daytime Drama Series for Y&R, in 1977 she was the first woman to receive the Governors Award from the Chicago chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. In 2007, Bell was awarded a Daytime Emmy for Lifetime Achievement for her contributions to daytime television and she and her late husband lived in Beverly Hills in a house formerly owned by aviation mogul Howard Hughes and also Cary Grant. Her brother Russ Phillip continues to run Phillips Flowers & Gifts, Lee Phillip Bell at the Internet Movie Database
