Busan

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For other uses, see Busan (disambiguation).
Busan
부산시
Metropolitan City
Busan Metropolitan City
부산광역시
Top: Aerial view of Busan with GwangandaegyoMiddle: Haeundae Beach (left), Jagalchi Market (right)Bottom: Haedong Yonggungsa Temple (left), Haeundae at night (right)
Top: Aerial view of Busan with Gwangandaegyo
Middle: Haeundae Beach (left), Jagalchi Market (right)
Bottom: Haedong Yonggungsa Temple (left), Haeundae at night (right)
Official logo of Busan
Emblem of Busan
Map of South Korea with Busan highlighted
Map of South Korea with Busan highlighted
Coordinates: 35°10′N 129°04′E / 35.167°N 129.067°E / 35.167; 129.067Coordinates: 35°10′N 129°04′E / 35.167°N 129.067°E / 35.167; 129.067
Country South Korea South Korea
Region Yeongnam
Districts 16
Government
 • Type Mayor-Council
 • Mayor Suh Byung-soo (Liberty Korea)
 • Council Busan Metropolitan Council
 • National Representation
 - National Assembly
18 / 299
6.0% (total seats)
18 / 245
7.3% (constituency seats)
Area[citation needed]
 • Metropolitan City 767.35 km2 (296.28 sq mi)
Population (2017.10.31)[2]
 • Metropolitan City 3,527,572[1]
 • Metro 8,202,239
 • Dialect Gyeongsang
Postal code 600-010, 619-963
Area code(s) (+82) 051
ISO 3166 code KR-26
Flower Camellia flower
Tree Camellia
Bird Seagull
GDP US$296.5 billion[3]
GDP per capita US$38,602[3]
Website english.busan.go.kr
Busan
Hangul 부산
Hanja 釜山
Revised Romanization Busan
McCune–Reischauer Pusan
Busan Metropolitan City
Hangul 부산광역시
Hanja 釜山廣域市
Revised Romanization Busan Gwangyeoksi
McCune–Reischauer Pusan Kwangyŏksi

Busan (Korean pronunciation: [pu.sɐn]), formerly known as Pusan and now officially Busan Metropolitan City, is South Korea's second most-populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants.[5] It is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern Korea, with its port—Korea's busiest and the 9th-busiest in the world[a]—only about 120 miles (190 km) from the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Honshu. The surrounding "Southeast Economic Zone" (including Ulsan and South Gyeongsang) is now South Korea's largest industrial area.

Busan is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county, together housing a population of approximately 3.6 million. The full metropolitan area, including the adjacent cities of Gimhae and Yangsan, has a population of approximately 4.6 million. The most densely built-up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong and the Suyeong Rivers, with mountains separating most of the districts, the Nakdong is Korea's longest river and Busan's Haeundae Beach is also the country's largest.

Busan is a center for international conventions, hosting APEC in 2005, it is also a center for sports tournaments in Korea, having hosted the 2002 Asian Games and FIFA World Cup. It is home to the world's largest department store, the Shinsegae Centum City.[7]

Names[edit]

The name "Busan" is the Revised Romanization of the city's Korean name since the late 15th century,[8] it officially replaced the earlier McCune-Reischauer romanization Pusan[9] in 2000.[b] The name 釜山 (now written 부산 using the hangul syllabary) is Sino-Korean for "Cauldron Mountain", believed to be a former name of Mt Hwangryeong (황령산, 荒嶺山, Hwangryeong-san) west of the city center. The area's ancient state Mt Geochil (거칠산국, 居柒山國, Geochilsan-guk, "Rough-Mountain Land") is similarly thought to refer to the same mountain, which towers over the town's harbor on the Suyeong. (The later Silla district of Geochilsan-gun was renamed Dongnae in 757.)

History[edit]

Gwangan Bridge
Busan at night
Busan harbour painted in 1899

Mt Geochil (Geochilsan-guk) is recorded as a chiefdom of the Jinhan Confederacy in the 2nd–4th centuries. It was absorbed by Silla and organized as a district (gun), the grave goods excavated from mounded burials at Bokcheon-dong indicate that a complex chiefdom ruled by powerful individuals was present in the Busan area in the 4th century, just as Korea's Three Kingdoms were forming. The mounded burials of Bokcheon-dong were built along the top of a ridge that overlooks a wide area that makes up parts of modern-day Dongnae-gu and Yeonje-gu. Archaeologists excavated more than 250 iron weapons and ingots from Burial No. 38, a wooden chamber tomb at Bokcheon-dong.

From the beginning of the 15th century, the Korean government designated Busan as a trading port with the Japanese and allowed their settlement.[13] Other Japanese settlements in Ulsan and Jinhae diminished later, but the Busan settlement continued until Japan invaded Korea in 1592, after the war, diplomatic relations with the new shogunate in Japan were established in 1607, and Busan was permitted to be reconstructed. The Japanese settlement, though relocated into Choryang later, continued to exist until Korea was exposed to modern diplomacy in 1876; in 1876, Busan became the first international port in Korea under the terms of the Treaty of Ganghwa.

During the Japanese rule, Busan developed into a hub trading port with Japan. Busan was the only city in Korea to adopt the steam tramway before electrification was introduced in 1924.[14]

During the Korean War, Busan was one of only two cities in South Korea not captured by the North Korean army within the first three months of the War, as a result, the city became a refugee camp site for Koreans during the war, along with Daegu.[15]

As Busan was one of the few areas in Korea that remained under the control of South Korea throughout the Korean War, for some time it served as a temporary capital of the Republic of Korea. UN troops established a defensive perimeter around the city known as the Pusan Perimeter in the summer and autumn of 1950, since then, like Seoul, the city has been a self-governing metropolis and has built a strong urban character.

In 1963, Busan separated from Gyeongsangnam-do to become a Directly Governed City (Jikhalsi); in 1983, the provincial capital of Gyeongsangnam-do was moved from Busan to Changwon.

In 1995, Busan became a Metropolitan City (Gwangyeoksi).

Panorama of Busan from Busan Tower

Geography[edit]

View from Geumjeong Mountain.

Busan is located on the Southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula, it is located on the coast, which determined the development of the whole city itself. It is the nearest of South Korea's six largest cities to Japan, the distance as the crow flies from Busan to Tsushima Island, Japan, is about 49.5 km (31 mi), to Fukuoka, Japan, about 180 km (112 mi), and by contrast, to Seoul about 314 km (195 mi). Busan borders low mountains on the north and west, and the seas on the south and east, the Nakdong River Delta is located on the west side of the city, and Geumjeongsan, the highest mountain in the city, on the north. The Nakdong River, South Korea's longest river, flows through the west and empties into the Korea Strait, the southeastern region, called Yeongnam in Korea, encompasses both Gyeongsang Provinces and 3 metropolitan cities of Busan, Daegu and Ulsan. Ulsan lies northeast of Busan. Combined population exceeds 13 million.

Climate[edit]

Busan (1981–2010)
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
34
 
 
8
−1
 
 
50
 
 
10
1
 
 
81
 
 
13
5
 
 
133
 
 
18
10
 
 
157
 
 
22
14
 
 
207
 
 
24
18
 
 
317
 
 
27
22
 
 
255
 
 
29
23
 
 
158
 
 
26
20
 
 
58
 
 
22
14
 
 
46
 
 
16
8
 
 
23
 
 
11
2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Located on the southeasternmost tip of the Korean Peninsula, Busan has a cooler version of a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa). Extremely high or low temperatures are rare, the highest temperature ever recorded is 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) on 14 August 2016[16] while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) on 13 January 1915.[17] May to July, late Springs and early Summers, are usually cooler than inland regions because of the ocean effect. Late Summer, and early Autumn, August and September, are generally hot and humid and the city may experience typhoons at that time and be generally rainy, on September 15, 1959, Super Typhoon Sarah passed by the coast of the city and caused catastrophic damage. An unusually severe storm on September 12, 2003, Typhoon Maemi, also caused damage to ships and buildings and resulted in over 48 fatalities.

October and November are generally the most comfortable, with clear skies and pleasant temperatures. Winters are cold and comparatively dry with high winds, but much milder than other parts of Korea except Jeju-do and several islands off the southern coast. Busan and the nearby area has the least amount of snow compared to other regions of Korea due to its location. Snow falls on an average of only about 5 days per year.[18] Even a little accumulation of snow can effectively shut down this seaport city because of the hilly terrain and unfamiliarity of motorists with driving on snow.

Climate data for Busan (1981–2010, extremes 1904–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1)		 20.3
(68.5)		 22.9
(73.2)		 28.1
(82.6)		 34.0
(93.2)		 33.4
(92.1)		 35.8
(96.4)		 37.3
(99.1)		 35.2
(95.4)		 29.8
(85.6)		 25.6
(78.1)		 20.9
(69.6)		 37.3
(99.1)
Average high °C (°F) 7.8
(46)		 9.8
(49.6)		 13.4
(56.1)		 18.2
(64.8)		 21.7
(71.1)		 24.4
(75.9)		 27.3
(81.1)		 29.4
(84.9)		 26.3
(79.3)		 22.4
(72.3)		 16.3
(61.3)		 10.5
(50.9)		 18.9
(66)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 4.9
(40.8)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.6
(56.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 20.7
(69.3)		 24.1
(75.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 17.6
(63.7)		 11.6
(52.9)		 5.8
(42.4)		 14.7
(58.5)
Average low °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9)		 1.1
(34)		 4.9
(40.8)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 23.4
(74.1)		 19.5
(67.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 7.8
(46)		 2.0
(35.6)		 11.3
(52.3)
Record low °C (°F) −14.0
(6.8)		 −12.6
(9.3)		 −9.7
(14.5)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 5.4
(41.7)		 9.3
(48.7)		 13.8
(56.8)		 15.4
(59.7)		 9.6
(49.3)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 −12.0
(10.4)		 −14.0
(6.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 34.4
(1.354)		 50.2
(1.976)		 80.7
(3.177)		 132.7
(5.224)		 157.4
(6.197)		 206.7
(8.138)		 316.9
(12.476)		 255.1
(10.043)		 158.0
(6.22)		 58.4
(2.299)		 45.8
(1.803)		 22.8
(0.898)		 1,519.1
(59.807)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.5 6.2 8.4 9.1 9.4 10.4 13.6 11.5 9.3 5.2 5.5 4.2 98.3
Average snowy days 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 5.2
Average relative humidity (%) 48.3 51.4 57.7 62.7 69.8 77.4 84.3 79.9 73.9 64.0 57.0 50.1 64.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 199.0 182.5 193.0 210.0 221.7 179.7 165.8 200.9 167.2 208.9 194.4 204.3 2,327.3
Percent possible sunshine 63.6 59.3 52.0 53.6 51.1 41.4 37.5 48.2 44.9 59.6 62.6 67.0 52.3
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[19][16][17] (percent sunshine and snowy days)[18]

Administrative divisions[edit]

In 1957 Busan adopted a division system with the creation of six gu (districts): Busanjin-gu, Dong-gu, Dongnae-gu, Jung-gu, Seo-gu, and Yeongdo-gu. Today, Busan is divided into fifteen gu and one gun (county).

Administrative divisions
Subdivision Korean Area (km²)
[20]		 Population
(2017)[21]
Buk District 북구; 北區 39.36 307,465
Busanjin District 부산진구; 釜山鎭區 29.70 375,003
Dong District 동구; 東區 9.73 88,940
Dongnae District 동래구; 東萊區 16.63 273,910
Gangseo District 강서구; 江西區 181.50 115,196
Geumjeong District 금정구; 金井區 65.27 243,293
Haeundae District 해운대구; 海雲臺區 51.47 416,362
Jung District 중구; 中區 2.83 44,791
Nam District 남구; 南區 26.81 276,360
Saha District 사하구; 沙下區 41.75 333,818
Sasang District 사상구; 沙上區 36.09 230,867
Seo District 서구; 西區 13.93 111,465
Suyeong District 수영구; 水營區 10.21 178,454
Yeongdo District 영도구; 影島區 14.15 124,463
Yeonje District 연제구; 蓮堤區 12.08 207,128
Gijang County 기장군; 機張郡) 218.32 159,055

Economy[edit]

Hanjin Heavy Industries

Busan is an international business and financial center and renowned for its machinery, steel, ship building and marine industries, fashion, tourism and trade fairs. Busan is the fifth busiest seaport in the world,[6] with transportation and shipping among the most high-profile aspects of the local economy, since 1978, Busan has opened three container ports including Jaseungdae, Shinsundae, and Gamman. Busan has one of the world's largest ports and can handle up to 13.2 million TEU shipping containers per year.

The Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone Authority, one of two such administrations in Korea, was created to reassert Busan's status as a traditional international trading centre, the port attracts ships from all over the globe and the surrounding area aspires to become a regional financial centre.

Korea Exchange (KRX), Korea's sole securities exchange operator, is headquartered in Busan.

Busan is the home of the headquarters of Renault Samsung Motors, Hanjin Heavy Industries, Busan Bank, Air Busan, Hi Investment & Securities, Woori Aviva Life Insurance, Korea Technology Finance Corporation, Korea Asset Management Corporation, Korea Housing-Finance Corporation, Korea Securities Depository, Korea Housing Guarantee Company, Korea Southern Power Company, BNK Financial Group.

Jagalchi Fish Market is the largest fish market in Korea.

Busan is ranked the fourth best city after Singapore, Seoul and Tokyo among Asia's top convention cities in a 2011 global ranking by the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA).[22]

Busan was ranked the 27th among 83 cities and top 8 Asia/Pacific centres of the Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI) published by UK-based Z/Yen Group in March 2014.[citation needed]

Shopping and commerce[edit]

Marine City, Busan
Seomyeon
Jagalchi Market

Commercial areas are dispersed throughout the city near busy intersections and adjacent to university campuses, but the two largest central business districts in Busan are Seomyeon and Gwangbok-dong/Nampo-dong. There are also four substantial shopping areas of note: Seomyeon, Gwangbok-dong, Busan Dae Hakap in Jangjeon-dong, and Centum City in Haeundae-gu.

Seomyeon is the crossroads of Busan, the local subway station serves two lines and is one of the busiest in the city. Seomyeon subway station is also home to a large number of underground shops, selling a variety of products, predominately clothing and footwear, these are small boutique shops, selling locally produced products. The local head offices of Korean and international banks are located in Seomyeon, it is recognized as the ascendant shopping and entertainment district. It is also home to "Seomyeon Medical Street", the district encompassing the 1 km-radius range around Lotte Department Store in Seomyeon and the Buam subway station. The Street is home to a total of 160 cosmetic and other medical clinics, including those specializing in cosmetic surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology and dentistry.[23][24] Directly adjacent to Seomyeon is Bujeon Market, the largest traditional market in the city. Other companies with offices here include Yeolmae Food.

The Gwangbok-dong, Nampo-dong, and Jungang-dong areas form the old central business district, some of the restaurants in this district use family recipes passed down the generations. Jagalchi Market, a large seafood market, is located in this area. The Gukje Market is also nearby. Jungang-dong is the home of many international law offices, the old Immigration Office, and the international ferry terminal serving Japanese routes. Lotte World II is currently under construction along the water between Jungang-dong 7-Ga and 8-Ga.[25]

Centum City, an industrial complex, is a popular new shopping area with luxury department stores.

Major department stores[edit]

Store Locations of Branch(es) in Busan
Lotte Department Store Centum City, Seomyeon, Gwangbok, Dongnae
Shinsegae Department Store Centum City
Hyundai Department Store Beomil-dong

Premium outlets[edit]

Store Location
Lotte Premium Outlets Gimhae
Shinsegae Simon Premium Outlets Gijang
Lotte Mall DongBusan Gijang

Major large discount stores[edit]

Store
Home Plus
E Mart
Lotte Mart
Hanaro Club
Mega Mart
Costco

Educational facilities[edit]

Universities with graduate schools[edit]

A panoramic view of PNU
Korea Maritime University

Other institutes of higher education[edit]

Foreign schools[edit]

Primary and secondary schools:

Colleges and universities:

Culture and attractions[edit]

Busan not only features a variety of antique and souvenir shops, but also unique restaurants, attractions and accommodations.

Parks, beaches, and highlights[edit]

Nurimaru APEC House
Dadaepo Beach

Nampo-dong is a central shopping and café district. The area around Pukyong National University and Kyungsung University also has many cafés, bars, and restaurants attracting college students and youth.

Busan is called the summer capital of Korea since it attracts tourists from all over the country to its six beaches. Luxury hotels and a carnival boardwalk line the beach at Haeundae. Gwangalli Beach has cafés, bars, and restaurants along the beach, and the Grand Gwangan Bridge. Other beaches include Dadaepo Beach on the west edge of the city and Songdo Beach, which is south-central.

Geumjeongsan to the west is a weekend hiking spot for Busan residents. To the north, the neighborhoods around Pusan National University (also known as PNU, which is one of the most highly recognized national institutes of higher education in Korea) have student theaters, cafés, bars and restaurants, as well as open-air cultural street performances on weekend nights. Nearby is Beomeosa, the city's main Korean Buddhist temple.

Yongdusan Park occupies 69,000 square meters/17 acres (7 ha) and is home to the Busan Tower, Yongdusan Art Gallery, and the Busan Aquarium, the largest aquarium in South Korea. The park supports approximately seventy different species of trees and is a tourist destination, with various cultural events throughout the year.[30]

Dongnae-gu is a wealthy and traditional residential area. Dongnae Oncheon is a natural spa area with many baths, tourist hotels, restaurants, clubs and shopping areas. Many restaurants in the area use family recipes. Chungnyeolsa is a Confucian shrine for soldiers who died during the 16th century battle against the Japanese at Dongnae Fortress.[31]

Taejongdae is a natural park with cliffs facing the open sea on the island of Yeongdo.

The area known as the "Foreigners' Shopping Street", but commonly referred to as "Texas Street" near part of the Port of Busan, and adjacent to the front entrance to the Busan Train Station (부산역) has many businesses that cater to the local Russian population, as well as the crews of foreign ships, the area was originally the location of the local Chinatown and still contains a Chinese school.

Haedong Yonggung temple is one of three sacred places related to the Goddess Buddha. It is located right next to the sea, it lies on a mountain in the front and the sea at the back.

Gamcheon-dong, located west of Nampo-dong, is a hidden hillside area within the city, with high sweeping views of the ocean and brightly painted houses.

Busan Citizens Park (formerly Camp Hialeah) is a former Imperial Japanese Army base and United States Army camp located in the Busanjin District.

Dongbaek-Island is Located at the southern end of Haeundae Beach, Dongbaek Island creates a picturesque scene in harmony with a thick forest of camellias and pine trees. Tourist attractions in Dongbaek Island include a walking path and the Nurimaru APEC House built for the 2005 APEC summit.

Huinnyeoul Culture Village was born when Korean War refugees flocked to this area and provides an unhindered view of both the Busanhang and Namhang Ports. A major backdrop of the acclaimed Korean movie, The Attorney, the neighborhood was also featured in yet another Korean hit, Nameless Gangster: Rules of Time, the small houses that stand shoulder to shoulder form the signature look of Busan, which is often remembered as a city of the sea and hilly neighborhoods. The village continues to attract an increasing number of visitors with its new cafes, workshops, and guesthouses.

Daejeo Ecological Park With a length of 7.62 km and a size of 2.66 ㎢, designated as Natural Monument No. 179, is the Habitat for migratory birds at the Nakdong River Estuary. It was chosen as a trial project for the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, the sports facilities were partially built only on the upper and lower parts of the park while the rest of the park underwent the restoration of wetland and natural grassland. In the garden inside the park, you can find the large-scale habitat for the prickly water lilies, a part of the category Endangered Species Level II. Many interesting festivals such as the Nakdong Riverside Cherry Blossom Festival, the Busan Nakdong River Canola Flower Festival, and the Daejeo Tomato Festival are held around this park every year.

Ilgwang Beach is long white-sand beach, extending for about 1.8 kilometers, is particularly popular among families with young children as a vacation spot because the sea facing it is quite shallow. Every summer, the Gaetmaeul Outdoor Drama Festival is held on this beach, the festival features diverse performances of traditional Korean music, outdoor drama, mime shows, and other forms of performance art.

Temples, religious and historical sites[edit]

Beomeosa Temple
Haedong Yonggungsa Temple

Arts[edit]

Busan Cinema Center, Dureraum.

Busan hosts the Busan International Film Festival (BIFF)—one of the most popular international film festivals in Asia—at the Busan Cinema Center every fall. It is also the home of the Busan Biennale, an international contemporary art biennale which takes place every two years.

It also hosted the 2nd Asia Song Festival, organised by Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange, in 2005.[33]

In 2012 German artist Hendrik Beikirch, along with Public Delivery, painted Asia and the world's tallest mural.[34]

Museums[edit]

Busan Exhibition and Convention Center

Traditional cuisine[edit]

A plate of a colorful pancake made with green scallions, sliced red chili pepper and chopped seafood
Dongnae pajeon

Busan was once a center of military affairs in the southern region of the peninsula and therefore was an important site for diplomatic relationships with Japan; high-ranking officers and officials from the court frequently visited the city. Special foods were prepared for the officers such as Dongnae pajeon (동래파전), a variant of pajeon (Korean savory pancakes), made with whole scallions, sliced chili peppers, and various kinds of seafood in a thick batter of wheat flour, glutinous rice flour, eggs, salt and water.[35][36]

During the Korean War, Busan was the biggest refugee destination on the peninsula; people from all regions of Korea went there. Some of these refugees stayed and adapted and adjusted the recipes of their local specialties. One of these foods is milmyeon (밀면) (lit. 'wheat noodle') a version of naengmyeon, cold buckwheat noodle soup, but using wheat flour instead. (Naemyeon is originally a specialty food of Hamhung and Pyongyang, now part of North Korea.[37][38]) Dwaeji gukbap (돼지국밥) (lit. 'pork/pig soup rice') is also a result of Korean War. It is a hearty pork soup and is becoming more popular nationwide.[39] Pork trotters that served with vegetables such as cucumbers, onions, and mustard sauce is popular. It's called Nangchae-Jokbal[40]

Hot spring resorts and spas[edit]

Busan has the largest hot spring resorts and facilities in Korea.

  • Spa Land (Haeundae-Gu)
  • HurShimChung Hot Spring Resorts and Spa Town (Dongnae-Gu)
  • Haeundae Hot Spring Resorts and Spa Towns (Haeundae-Gu)
  • Dongnae Hot Spring Resorts and Spa Towns (Dongnae-Gu)
  • Gwangalli Spa Towns (Suyeong-Gu)

Religion[edit]

Religion in Busan (2005)[41]

  Other/Not religious (43%)
  Buddhism (41.9%)
  Protestantism (12.1%)
  Catholicism (4.5%)

According to the census of 2007, of the people of Busan 41.9% follow Buddhism and 16.6% follow Christianity (12.1% Protestantism and 4.5% Catholicism), 39.9% of the population is mostly not religious or follow other indigenous religions.

See also: List of Buddhist temples in Busan

Communications[edit]

Station or Newspaper Types
Busan KBS TV, Radio
Busan MBC TV, Radio
KNN TV, Radio
Busan CBS Radio
Busan BBS Radio
Busan eFM Radio (English, Chinese)
Busan PBC Radio
Busan Ilbo Daily Newspaper
Kookje Shinmun Daily Newspaper

Sports[edit]

The city planned to bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics, but withdrew after the 2018 Winter Olympics were awarded to Pyeongchang, also located in South Korea. The 2020 Summer Olympics were eventually awarded to Tokyo,[42] it is currently considering bidding to host the 2032 Summer Olympics.[43]

Sports teams and facilities

Club League Stadium Stadium Capacity Sports Type
Lotte Giants KBO League Sajik Baseball Stadium 28,500 Baseball
Busan IPark K League 2 Busan Asiad Stadium 53,864 Football
Busan KT Sonicboom KBL Sajik Arena 14,099 Basketball

Baseball[edit]

Sajik Baseball Stadium

Since 1982, the city has been home to the Lotte Giants, who play in the Korea Professional Baseball league; in Korea, Busan is known as the capital of baseball and has a reputation for very enthusiastic baseball fans.[44] For the first few years, the Lotte Giants utilized Gudeok Baseball Stadium as their home; in the mid-1980s, they moved to Sajik Baseball Stadium, which was built as part of a sports complex for the 1986 Asian Games.

Football[edit]

The city is home to a K League football club, the Busan IPark, the club was formerly known as the Buan Daewoo Royals and was a successful team during the 1990s. Busan is also home to a National League football club, the Busan Transportation Corporation.

Basketball[edit]

Busan also has a Korean Basketball League team, the Busan KT Sonicboom that plays in Sajik Arena.

Thoroughbred racing[edit]

Thoroughbred horse racing is held at Busan-Gyeongnam Horse Racing Park every weekend.

Bicycle racing[edit]

Bicycle Racing is held at "Busan Cydrome," the velodrome in Geumjeong Sports Park, every weekend.

Festivals and events[edit]

Busan celebrates festivals all year round.

Month Annual Festivals and Events
January New Year Festival in Busan, Polar Bear Swimming Contest
February Haeundae Moontan Road Festival
March Busan International Performing Arts Festival
April Gwangalli Fishery(Eobang) Festival
May Busan Motor Show, Busan Port Festival, Busan Contents Market, Busan International Short Film Festival
June Haeundae Sand Festival, Busan International Dance Festival, Art Busan
July Gijang Town Festival
August Busan Sea Festival, Busan International Rock Festival, Busan International Magic Festival, Busan International Kids' Film Festival, Busan International Advertising Festival, Busan International Comedy Festival
September Busan Biennale, Busan Sea Art Festival, Busan Maru International Music Festival
October Busan International Film Festival, Busan International Fireworks Festival, Busan Jagalchi Festival
November Busan Port Lighting Festival, G-Star-Global Game Exhibition, Busan Choral Festival & Competition
December Busan Christmas Tree Festival, White Night in Busan, 라꼬빛 Festival

Medical facilities[edit]

Busan has many hospitals and clinics. Many cosmetic surgery, dermatological, ophthalmic, dental clinics are concentrated in Seomyeon medical street.

Major medical centers[edit]

Name of Hospital Number of beds
Pusan National University Hospital at Yangsan 1720[45]
Pusan National University Hospital at Busan 1180[46]
Inje University Paik Hospital at Haeundae 1004[47]
Dong-A University Hospital 920[48]
Kosin University Hospital 912[49]
Busan St. Mary's Medical Center 716[50]
Dong-eui Medical Center 640[51]
Busan Baptist Hospital 608[52]
Busan Medical Center 591[53]
Maryknoll Medical Center 501[54]
Inje University Paik Hospital at Busan 898[55]
Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital 380
Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Cancer Center 304[56]

Transportation[edit]

Bus[edit]

Major express bus lines link Busan with other cities in Korea at two primary bus terminals, Nopodong Bus Terminal (at the northern terminus of Subway Line 1) and Seobu Bus Terminal at Sasang Station on Subway Line 2.

134 routes of urban buses service every part of Busan Metropolitan City. (Busan Urban Bus)

Sea[edit]

Busan Port Pier 1 with the International Ferry Terminal (3 docked ferries shown)

Ferries leaving from the International Ferry Terminal on Busan Port Pier 1 connect Busan to the Japanese ports of Izuhara and Hitakatsu on Tsushima Island, as well as the cities of Shimonoseki, Fukuoka, and Osaka on Japan's mainland.[57]

  • PanStar[58] operates the PanStar Ferry between Busan and Osaka.
  • The Seaflower 2, the ferry to Tsushima operated by Dae-a Express Shipping,[59] carries passengers only between Busan and Hitakatsu in 1 hour 40 minutes and between Busan and Izuhara in 2 hours 40 minutes.
  • The Seonghee, operated by Pukwan Ferry,[60] links Busan to Shimonoseki.
  • One of the ferries to Fukuoka is the Camellia, operated by Camellia Line.[61] The Camellia makes the trip to Fukuoka overnight in 7 hours 30 minutes, and trip back in the afternoon in 5 hours 30 minutes.
  • The other ferry service to Fukuoka is assumed by the Beetles and the Kobees, 2 fleets of high-speed hydrofoils operated by Miraejet.[62] About five departures from each city are scheduled every day. By hydrofoil it only takes 2 hours 55 minutes to cross the Korea Strait to Fukuoka, the Beetles are owned by JR Kyushu.

This is administered by the Busan Port Authority.

National railway[edit]

Busan lies on a number of rail lines, of which the most important is the Gyeongbu Line which connects it to other major cities such as Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu. All classes of trains run along the Gyeongbu Line, including the superhigh speed KTX trains which provide frequent services to Seoul in approximately 150 minutes,[63] the Gyeongbu Line terminates at Busan Station. Other lines include the Donghae Nambu Line which connects Ulsan, Pohang and Gyeongju.

Metro[edit]

Busan Metro Line 2
Main article: Busan Metro

The Busan Metro network contains four lines: 1, 2, 3, and 4. All four lines are operated by the Busan Transportation Corporation. The Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit line connects from Sasang Station (Line 2), Busan to Samgye Station, Gimhae.

Air[edit]

Busan is served by Gimhae International Airport in Gangseo-gu. Gimhae International Airport is connected by Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit

International relations[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea

Twin towns and sister cities[edit]

Busan shares the title of sister city with several coastal cities or provinces around the world.[64]

Friendship cities[edit]

Sister ports[edit]

The Port of Busan also has 6 sister ports (listed in order of dates).[69]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ This is computed by cargo tonnage. Korean sources sometimes claim it as the 5th busiest in the world by that measure.[6]
  2. ^ This name is also encountered as "Pusan City" (Pusan-si)[10] and "Pusan Directly-Administered City" (Busan-jikhalsi[11] or Pusan-chikhalsi).[12]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ http://www.busan.go.kr/bhstatistics01/1201086?curPage=&srchBeginDt=&srchEndDt=&srchKey=&srchText=.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-09-08. Retrieved 2014-09-08. , Retrieved 2014-07-02.
  3. ^ a b "Global city GDP 2014". Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2014. 
  4. ^ "Pusan-gwangyŏksi: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15. 
  5. ^ "Busan Population". 
  6. ^ a b "Cargo processed at Busan port dips 6.5 pct in Oct". Yonhap News. 2016-11-24. Retrieved 2017-01-10. 
  7. ^ "Largest Department Store - Guinness World Records Blog post - Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats". Community.guinnessworldrecords.com. 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  8. ^ "The origin of the name Busan" (in Korean). Busan City. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  9. ^ "Pusan: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15. 
  10. ^ "Pusan-si: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15. 
  11. ^ "Pusan-jikhalsi: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15. 
  12. ^ "Pusan-chikhalsi: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15. 
  13. ^ "Korean National Identity under Japanese Colonial Rule". 
  14. ^ "The History of Korean Railway by Photographs". 
  15. ^ Andrei Lankov (2010-01-31) "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-06-07. Retrieved 2015-04-04.  January 1951: Life of Korean War Refugees in Busan The Korea Times
  16. ^ a b "기후자료 극값(최대값) 전체년도 일최고기온 (℃) 최고순위, 부산(159)" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 January 2017. 
  17. ^ a b "기후자료 극값(최대값) 전체년도 일최저기온 (℃) 최고순위, 부산(159)" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 January 2017. 
  18. ^ a b "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. p. 499 and 649. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2017. 
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  37. ^ Kim Gi-hyeon (김기현) (2009-05-13) 동래파전·돼지국밥…음식도 관광자원으로 (in Korean) Munhwa Ilbo
  38. ^ Lee Gyeong-taek (이경택) (2002-09-26) 부산AG 장외 음식열전 (in Korean) Munhwa Ilbo
  39. ^ Noh, Ju-Seok (노주석) (2009-07-29) (씨줄날줄) 영도다리/노주석 논설위원] (in Korean) Seoul Sinmun
  40. ^ "서울에서 `빵 뜬` 부산 명물 먹을거리 Best 4". mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-28. 
  41. ^ "KOSIS". kosis.kr. 
  42. ^ People's Daily Online (2005-11-14). "Pusan to declare bid to host 2020 Olympic Games". Retrieved December 8, 2006. 
  43. ^ "24 HOUR NEWS CHANNEL ::::: YTN (와이티엔)". YTN. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  44. ^ (in Korean) 사직구장 대대적 보수로 지정석만 2만1천석. Sports Khan. Retrieved 2011-11-27
  45. ^ "::빠르고 정확한 인터넷 의협신문::". Doctorsnews.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  46. ^ "Pusan National University Hospital". .pnuh.co.kr. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  47. ^ "Inje University Paik Hospital". Paik.ac.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  48. ^ "동아대학교의료원 홈페이지에 오신것을 환영합니다". Damc.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  49. ^ "Kosin University Gospel Hospital". Kosinmed.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  50. ^ "부산성모병원". Bsm.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  51. ^ "Dong-Eui Medical Center - Busan, Korea". Demc.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. [permanent dead link]
  52. ^ "침례병원". wmbh.co.kr. Archived from the original on 2000-12-04. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  53. ^ "Busan Medical Center". Eng.busanmc.or.kr. Archived from the original on 2012-09-24. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  54. ^ "메리놀병원". Maryknoll.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  55. ^ "인제대학교 부산백병원 - 환자중심의 병원, 내집처럼 편안한 병원". Paik.ac.kr. Archived from the original on 2011-10-15. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 
  56. ^ "Dongnam Inst. Of Radiological". Dirams.re.kr. 2013-01-29. Archived from the original on 2013-02-19. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  57. ^ "International Ferry Terminal". 
  58. ^ PanStar Ferry Archived February 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Korean operator of the ferry linking to Osaka, Japan.
  59. ^ (in Korean) Dae-a Express Shipping, operator of the ferry linking to Tsushima Island, Japan.
  60. ^ Pukwan Ferry, operator of the ferry linking to Shimonoseki, Japan.
  61. ^ (in Japanese) Camellia Line, (in Korean) Korea Ferry
  62. ^ Kobee and Beetle, ferries linking to Fukuoka, Japan.
  63. ^ "How To Go To Busan From Seoul By Flight, Train, Bus And Car". 
  64. ^ List of Busan's sister cities, Busan Metropolitan City; "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2012-06-06. , (in Korean) "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2012-06-06. 
  65. ^ "Barcelona internacional – Ciutats agermanades" (in Spanish). © 2006–2009 Ajuntament de Barcelona. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2009-07-13.  External link in |publisher= (help)
  66. ^ "CÁC ĐỊA PHƯƠNG NƯỚC NGOÀI ĐÃ THIẾT LẬP QUAN HỆ HỮU NGHỊ HỢP TÁC VỚI TPHCM". mofahcm.gov.vn. October 9, 2010. Retrieved January 8, 2011. 
  67. ^ "SUMMARY OF FOREIGN TRAVEL AUTHORITY ISSUED TO LOCAL OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES" (PDF). dilg.gov.ph. November 2011. Retrieved February 2015.  Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  68. ^ "Signing of MOU to Promote Culture and Tourism between Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea and Penang Island City Council" (PDF). Visit Penang. 2 December 2015. 
  69. ^ Port of Busan, Sister Ports, Busan
  70. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2006-09-15. 

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

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