Calcium oxalate
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Calcium oxalate is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula CaC2O4 or Ca2. It forms hydrates CaC2O4·nH2O, where n varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or w
Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of a kidney stone showing tetragonal crystals of Weddellite (calcium oxalate dihydrate) emerging from the amorphous central part of the stone (the horizontal length of the picture represents 0.5 mm of the figured original)
Urine microscopy showing calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. The octahedral crystal morphology is clearly visible.
Histopathology of calcium oxalate crystals in a benign breast cyst, H&E stain. In the breast, they can be seen on mammography and are usually benign, but can be associated with lobular carcinoma in situ.
Spiculated kidney stone
Raphide
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Raphides are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium carbonate as aragonite, found in more than 200 families of plants. Both ends appear needle-like, but raphides tend to be b
Calcium oxalate
…are colorless or white. The monohydrate CaC2O4·H2O occurs naturally as the mineral whewellite, forming envelope-shaped crystals, known in plants as raphides. The two rarer hydrates are dihydrate CaC2O4·2H2O, which occurs naturally as the mineral weddellite, and trihydrate CaC2O4·3H2O, which occurs naturally…
Raphides in Epipremnum Devil's ivy (600× magnification)
Raphides in Hypoestes phyllostachya, the polka dot plant