1.
Brian Dahle
–
Brian Dahle is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Republican representing the 1st district, encompassing the Shasta Cascade region, prior to being elected to the state assembly, he was a Lassen County supervisor for 12 years. In the 2016 California Primary Election, Brian Dahle Won The State Assembly reelection, district 1 Assemblyman Brian Dahle is a third-generation farmer, business owner, and four term Lassen County Supervisor. Brians family history back to the original homestead farm in the 1930s in the Tule Lake area of Siskiyou County. The present Lassen County farm was purchased in the 1940s by Brians grandparents and has remained in the family since that time, when his parents retired, Brian and his wife Megan purchased the farm, which now operates over 2,000 acres. In addition, Brian and Megan Dahle operate and manage Big Valley Seed, elected to the Lassen County Board of Supervisors in 1996, Brian has helped ensure that budget is balanced and that County is completely debt free. Lassen is one of just a handful of Counties without any debt, Brian has taken a leadership role in helping strengthen rural counties. He is the past Chair and current board member for the Regional Council of Rural Counties, where he has been a leading defender of the North States private property and water rights
2.
Patricia Bates
–
Patricia Carmody Pat Bates is an American politician currently serving in the California State Senate. She is a Republican representing the 36th Senate district, which parts of Orange. She previously served as a member of the Orange County Board of Supervisors from 2007 to 2014, and she also served as the first mayor of Laguna Niguel, California following its incorporation in 1989, and continued to serve on the city council until 1998. She has endorsed Marco Rubio for President
3.
Burbank, California
–
Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States,12 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. The population at the 2010 census was 103,340, Entertainment, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, NBC, Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network, and Insomniac Games. The city is home to Bob Hope Airport. Burbank consists of two areas, a downtown/foothill section, in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains. Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley, Burbanks neighbor, Glendale, is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley. The city was referred to as Beautiful Downtown Burbank on Laugh-In, the city was named after David Burbank, a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867. Historically, this area was the scene of a skirmish which resulted in the unseating of the Spanish Governor of California. Remnants of the battle reportedly were found many years later in the vicinity of Warner Bros. Studio when residents dug up cannonballs, by 1876, the San Fernando Valley became the largest wheat-raising area in Los Angeles County. But the droughts of the 1860s and 1870s underlined the need for water supplies. A professionally trained dentist, Dr. Burbank began his career in Waterville and he joined the great migration westward in the early 1850s and, by 1853 was living in San Francisco. At the time the American Civil War broke out he was well established in his profession as a dentist in Pueblo de Los Angeles. In 1867, he purchased Rancho La Providencia from David W. Alexander and Francis Mellus, Dr. Burbanks property reached nearly 9,200 acres at a cost of $9,000. Dr. Burbank wouldnt acquire full titles to both properties until after a decision known as the Great Partition was made in 1871 dissolving the Rancho San Rafael. Dr. Burbank also later owned the Burbank Theatre, which opened on November 27,1893, though the theater was intended to be an opera house, instead it staged plays and became known nationally. The theatre featured famous actors of the time including Fay Bainter and Marjorie Rambeau, when the area that became Burbank was settled in the 1870s and 1880s, the streets were aligned along what is now Olive Avenue, the road to the Cahuenga Pass and downtown Los Angeles. These were largely the roads the Indians traveled and the settlers took their produce down to Los Angeles to sell. At the time, the primary long-distance transportation methods available to San Fernando Valley residents were stagecoach, stagecoaching between Los Angeles and San Francisco through the Valley began in 1858
4.
Republican Party (United States)
–
The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
5.
Red
–
Red is the color at the longer-wavelengths end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange, at the opposite end from violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometers, light with a longer wavelength than red but shorter than terahertz radiation and microwave is called infrared. Red is one of the secondary colors, resulting from the combination of yellow. Traditionally, it was viewed as a primary colour, along with yellow and blue, in the RYB color space and traditional color wheel formerly used by painters. Reds can vary in shade from light pink to very dark maroon or burgundy. Red is the color of cyan. In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars, the color of autumn leaves is caused by pigments called anthocyanins, which are produced towards the end of summer, when the green chlorophyll is no longer produced. One to two percent of the population has red hair, the color is produced by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin. Since red is the color of blood, it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger, modern surveys in the United States and Europe show red is also the color most commonly associated with heat, activity, passion, sexuality, anger, love and joy. In China, India and many other Asian countries it is the color of symbolizing happiness, since the 19th century, red has also been associated with socialism and communism. The word red is derived from the Old English rēad, the word can be further traced to the Proto-Germanic rauthaz and the Proto-Indo European root rewdʰ-. In Sanskrit, the word means red or blood. In the Akkadian language of Ancient Mesopotamia and in the modern Inuit language of Inuit, the words for colored in Latin and Spanish both also mean red. In Portuguese the word for red is vermelho, which comes from Latin vermiculus, in the Russian language, the word for red, Кра́сный, comes from the same old Slavic root as the words for beautiful—красивый and excellent—прекрасный. Thus Red Square in Moscow, named long before the Russian Revolution, in heraldry, the word gules is used for red. Red can vary in hue from orange-red to violet-red, and for each hue there is a variety of shades and tints. Red hematite powder was found scattered around the remains at a grave site in a Zhoukoudian cave complex near Beijing
6.
Government of California
–
The government of California is the governmental structure of the state of California as established by the California Constitution. The state also allows participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall. Californias elected executive officers are, All offices are elected separately to concurrent four-year terms, the Lieutenant Governor is the President of the California Senate and acts as the governor when the Governor is unable to execute the office, including whenever the Governor leaves the state. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor also serve as ex officio members of the University of California Board of Regents, Regulatory activity is published in the California Regulatory Notice Register and the general and permanent rules and regulations are codified in the California Code of Regulations. State government is organized into departments, of which most are grouped together into several huge Cabinet-level agencies. These agencies are sometimes referred to as superagencies, especially by government officials. Examples include the, Regents of the University of California California Public Utilities Commission The California State Legislature is the state legislature. It is a body consisting of the California State Assembly, the lower house with 80 members, and the California State Senate. Members of the Assembly serve two-year terms, members of the Senate serve four-year terms, the Speaker of the California State Assembly presides over the State Assembly. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate and may break a tied vote, the Legislature meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Its session laws are published in the California Statutes and codified into the 29 California Codes, the state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall and ratification. The Judiciary of California interprets and applies the law, and is defined under the Constitution, law, the judiciary has a hierarchical structure with the Supreme Court at the apex. The Superior Courts are the trial courts, and the Courts of Appeal are the primary appellate courts. The Judicial Council is the arm of the judiciary. The California Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of California, the Courts of Appeal are the intermediate appellate courts. The state is divided into six appellate districts. Notably, all published California appellate decisions are binding on all Superior Courts, as mandated by the Constitution, each of the 58 counties has a superior court. It ranked particularly low in public access to information and judicial transparency, in 2005, Pew Research Centers Government Performance Project gave California a grade C-, tied for last with Alabama
7.
California State Senate
–
The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. The legislative body consists of 40 members, with each member representing approximately 931,000 people, due to the states large population and relatively small legislature, the State Senate has the largest population per representative ratio of any state legislative house. Each member roughly represents a population equivalent to the state of Delaware, the State Senate convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, Democrats control 27 seats, comprising a two-thirds supermajority of the chamber, prior to 1968, state senate districts were drawn so that each county had at most one state senator. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County being accorded the same number of senators as less populous counties such as Humboldt County. In Reynolds v. Sims, the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population, as such, boundaries were changed to provide more equitable representation. The Lieutenant Governor is the ex officio President of the Senate, the President pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current president pro tem is Democrat Kevin de León, the minority leader is Republican Jean Fuller. The red tones of the California State Senate Chamber are based on the British House of Lords, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Assembly Chamber. The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature
8.
California State Assembly
–
The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
9.
Elections in California
–
Elections in California are held to fill various local, state and federal seats. In California, regular elections are held every year, however. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time, recall elections can also be held. Additionally, statewide initiatives, legislative referrals and referenda may be on the ballot, every four years, the United States holds an indirect election for President and Vice President. In such elections, voters cast their votes for a slate of representatives who have pledged to cast their votes for a particular presidential and vice presidential candidate in the Electoral College. During the election, the voters of the state select the slate of electors on the ballot by voting for the ticket that they are pledged to, the slate of electors pledged to the ticket with the most votes statewide gets to vote in the Electoral College. Although, the electors are not obligated to vote for the candidates they are pledged to, the number of electors the state is allocated is equal to the number representatives in Congress that the state has. California has an election every four years and, in 2003. Primary elections were held in March or June until 2008, when they were held in February, general elections, which cover statewide issues, are held in November. On a county-by-county basis, elections also cover municipal issues, in addition, a special election can occur at any time. In this system voters may vote for any candidate in the primary, elections for President, Vice President, political party state central committees, and county central committees are party-nominated. Candidates may qualify in one of two ways, by payment of a fee, or by the collection of registered voters signatures on an in-lieu-of-filing-fee petition, candidates must also file a candidate intention statement with the Secretary of State, as well as nomination forms with their home county. However, Audie Bock, a member of the Green Party, was elected in 1999 during what is known as special election musical chairs, local elections in California at the county and city level are officially non-partisan and political party affiliations are not included on local election ballots. A ballot proposition is a law that is submitted to the electorate for approval in a direct vote. It may take the form of an amendment or an ordinary statute. A ballot proposition may be proposed by the State Legislature or by a signed by members of the public under the initiative system. November 6,2018, United States gubernatorial elections, 2018#California See lists on the side for past election results. S
10.
Elections in the United States
–
The United States is a federal republic, with elected officials at the federal, state and local levels. On a national level, the head of state, the President, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, today, the electors virtually always vote with the popular vote of their state. All members of the legislature, the Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state. There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective Governor, there are also elected offices at the local level, in counties, cities, towns, townships, boroughs, and villages. According to a study by political scientist Jennifer Lawless, there were 519,682 elected officials in the United States as of 2012, the United States Constitution defines how the elections of federal officials are conducted in each state, in Article One and Article Two and various amendments. The restriction and extension of voting rights to different groups has been a contested process throughout the United States history, the federal government has also been involved in attempts to increase voter turnout, by measures such as the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. The financing of elections has always been controversial, because private sources make up substantial amounts of campaign contributions, voluntary public funding for candidates willing to accept spending limits was introduced in 1974 for presidential primaries and elections. S. The most common used in U. S. elections is the first-past-the-post system. Some may use a system, where if no candidate receives a required number of votes then there is a runoff between the two candidates with the most votes. Since 2002, several cities have adopted instant-runoff voting in their elections, Voters rank the candidates in order of preference rather than voting for a single candidate. If a candidate more than half of votes cast, that candidate wins. Otherwise, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, ballots assigned to the eliminated candidate are recounted and assigned to those of the remaining candidates who rank next in order of preference on each ballot. This process continues until one wins by obtaining more than half the votes. The eligibility of an individual for voting is set out in the constitution, the constitution states that suffrage cannot be denied on grounds of race or color, sex or age for citizens eighteen years or older. Beyond these basic qualifications, it is the responsibility of state legislatures to regulate voter eligibility, some states ban convicted criminals, especially felons, from voting for a fixed period of time or indefinitely. The number of American adults who are currently or permanently ineligible to vote due to felony convictions is estimated to be 5.3 million, while the federal government has jurisdiction over federal elections, most election laws are decided at the state level. All U. S. states except North Dakota require that citizens who wish to vote be registered. Traditionally, voters had to register at state offices to vote, other states allow citizens same-day registration on Election Day
11.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
12.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
13.
Sacramento, California
–
Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento Americas Most Diverse City, Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr. his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr. and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutters Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839, the city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santísimo Sacramento, California State University, Sacramento, is the largest university in the city and one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the Pacific is a university with one of its three campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, located in nearby Davis, operates its UC Davis Medical Center, nisenan and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the Sacramento Valley, a Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote, Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths, the air was like champagne, and drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. The valley and the river were then christened after the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, John Sutter first arrived on August 13,1839 at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutters Fort, representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west, within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma and he hired topographical engineer William H
14.
United States Senate
–
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
15.
California Democratic Party
–
The California Democratic Party is the state branch of the United States Democratic Party in the state of California. Headquartered in Sacramento, it is chaired by veteran Democratic politician and former United States Representative John L. Burton and it is the majority party in both chambers of the California State Legislature, i. e. the State Assembly and the Senate. In regards to businesses and economics, the California Democratic party takes a stance that protects consumers, small businesses, unions, the platform also makes a point to champion the economic reforms of President Barack Obama. The 2012 platform addresses the issues of family in several sections, the platform promises to protect seniors, children and all types of families with fair economic and social policies. These policies range from continuing Medicare for the elderly and keeping playgrounds safe for children, the platform also highlights the right of a woman to make choices for her own body and claims that healthcare is a natural right of all people. The California democrats further promise to protect the dignity of disabled citizens, the platform is dedicated to advocating for the rights of women through equal pay and affirmative action. The party prioritizes the creation of a sustainable and earth-friendly state, focus is placed on the development of alternative forms of energy and how energy is consumed. In addition, the stresses that green jobs are a solution to economic. Finally, the platform takes stances on open internet use, immigration, the Democrats of California support the right of the people to express their thoughts and ideas through any media, and their right to assemble. The party believes that laws should be fair and that immigrants should not be discriminated against. The party wishes to bring education to the forefront, aiming to turn California into a state for academic achievement. A Detailed description of the California Democratic Partys position on all of the issues can be found in their 2012 Platform document. The California Democratic Party passes multiple resolutions every year as a way of expressing their opinion to lawmakers statewide, while the partys resolutions have no legal force themselves, they are official documents that elected representatives should take into account when making decisions. A few recent resolutions are summarised below,2012 Buy American This resolution, written 18 November 2012, encourages all arms of government to favor American suppliers of goods and services. The above are three of a long list of Resolutions passed by the California Democratic Party in 2012 and in preceding years. The history of the Democratic Party of California is complex and long, the State has traded hands every few cycles since its admission into the union in 1850. At that time, the state was firmly in the hands of the Democratic Party, until the early 1880s after the Republican Party abolished slavery, the Republicans held the state through the power and influence of railroad men. The Democratic Party responded by taking an anti-corporate, anti freedom of attainment position, in 1894, Democrat James Budd was elected to the governorship, and the Democratic Party attempted to make good on their promises to reform the booming railroad industry
16.
United States Senate elections, 1992 and 1993
–
The United States Senate elections,1992 was an election for the United States Senate that coincided with the victory of Bill Clinton in the presidential election. Despite the presidential victory, Democrats did not gain any seats in the Senate, Democratic victories over Republicans John F. Seymour and Bob Kasten were cancelled out by the defeats of Democrats Wyche Fowler and Terry Sanford. The election of four new Democratic women to the Senate was notable, due to a special election in California, both of Californias Senate seats were up for election in 1992. These seats were won by Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer, as a consequence, California became the first state to have elected women to occupy both of its seats in the United States Senate. Democrat Carol Moseley Braun, became the first African-American woman to serve in the United States Senate, source, Election Statistics - Office of the Clerk California, Sen. John F. Seymour was defeated in a special election by former San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein. Seymour had been appointed to the seat by Governor Pete Wilson following Wilsons resignation from the Senate after his election as governor. Wisconsin, Sen. Bob Kasten survived a close call in his first re-election bid in 1986, Fowler faced Coverdell in a run-off in Dec.1992 and lost as both parties spent a good amount of time and resources on the run-off campaign. North Carolina, Sen. Terry Sanford became the third straight incumbent to lose this seat after one term when he was defeated by Democrat-turned-Republican Lauch Faircloth, faircloths victory was aided by Sanfords health scares and the considerable political organization of the states other senator, Jesse Helms. In 1993, Democratic Senator Lloyd Bentsen resigned to become U. S. Secretary of the Treasury and his Democratic replacement, Bob Krueger, lost a special election to Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison. This election was held in June 1993 and so is not included in the party balance numbers in this article, a bolded state name indicates an article about that states election. United States elections,1992 United States presidential election,1992 United States House of Representatives elections,1992 102nd United States Congress 103rd United States Congress
17.
John F. Seymour
–
John Francis Seymour is an American real estate investor and politician. Seymour attended the schools in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1955 to 1959 and graduated from the University of California, Seymour was the President of the California Association of Realtors from 1978 to 1982, and worked in the real estate business from 1962 to 1981. Seymour, a Republican, served Anaheim, California as a member of its City Council from 1974 to 1978, as the 39th Mayor of Anaheim from 1978 to 1982, and as a State Senator from 1982 to 1991. As mayor of the city of Anaheim, Seymour was instrumental in recruiting the Los Angeles Rams to move to Anaheim Stadium, in 1991, Seymour was appointed to the U. S. Senate by Governor Pete Wilson to serve in the seat Wilson had vacated to become Governor. Seymours appointment lasted until the 1992 special election to select a replacement who would serve until the expiration of Wilsons term in 1995. Former San Francisco mayor Dianne Feinstein defeated Seymour in the election, so Seymours term of office was January 7,1991. He is the most recent member of the Republican Party to serve as Senator from California, Seymour currently lives in Indian Wells. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
18.
Pete Wilson
–
Peter Barton Pete Wilson is an American politician from California who served as the 36th Governor of California, a United States Senator, the Mayor of San Diego and a California State Assemblyman. A Republican, Wilson is primarily remembered today for championing California Proposition 187, since then, the only California Republican to win a major statewide election was Arnold Schwarzenegger. Peter Barton Wilson was born on August 23,1933, in Lake Forest, Illinois and his parents were James Boone Wilson and Margaret Callaghan Wilson. His father sold college fraternity jewelry to work his way through University of Illinois, the Wilson family settled in St. Louis, Missouri when Pete was in elementary school. In his junior year he elected to join the Marine Corps upon his graduation, after graduating from Yale, Wilson served for three years in the United States Marine Corps as an infantry officer, eventually becoming a platoon leader. Upon completion of his Marine Corps service, Wilson earned a doctor degree from the University of California. In 1962, while working as an Advance Man for the Republican gubernatorial candidate Richard M. Nixon, Wilson got to know Herb Klein, Klein suggested that Wilson might do well in Southern California politics, so in 1963, Wilson moved to San Diego. After passing the bar exam, Wilson began his practice as a defense attorney in San Diego. He later commented to the Los Angeles Times, I realized I couldnt be a defense lawyer – because most of the people who do come to you are guilty. Wilson switched to a more law practice and continued his activity in local politics. Wilsons like for politics and managing the details of the political process was growing. Wilson was re-elected to the Assembly in 1968 and 1970, Wilson served three terms as Mayor of San Diego, from 1971 to 1983, winning election by a 2,1 margin each time. He also helped to keep baseballs Padres in San Diego, helping to persuade local millionaire Ray Kroc to buy the team, the 1972 Republican National Convention had been scheduled to take place in San Diego in August 1972. Wilson proclaimed the week of the convention to be Americas Finest City Week, in 1972, Wilson recruited Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr. to head the Model Cities Program in San Diego. In 1981, U. S. President Ronald W. Reagan appointed Pendleton to chair the United States Commission on Civil Rights, in 1982, Wilson won the Republican primary in California to replace the retiring U. S. Wilsons Democratic opponent was the outgoing two-term Governor Jerry Brown, Wilson was known as a fiscal conservative who supported Proposition 13, although Wilson had opposed the measure while mayor of San Diego. However, Brown ran on his record of building the largest state budget surpluses in California history. Both Wilson and Brown were moderate-to-liberal on social issues, including support for abortion rights, the election was expected to be close, with Brown holding a slim lead in most of the polls leading up to Election Day
19.
California gubernatorial election, 1990
–
The 1990 California gubernatorial election was held on November 6,1990. The Republican nominee, Senator Pete Wilson, defeated the Democratic nominee, former San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein, Feinstein won the Democratic nomination against opponents including California Attorney General John Van De Kamp, while Wilson faced minimal opposition in his bid for the Republican nomination. Senator from California Democratic, Dianne Feinstein, Mayor of San Francisco defeated State Attorney General, final results from the Secretary of State of California, Results by county, Election Results
20.
United States Senate elections, 1988
–
A total of seven seats changed hands, with four incumbents being defeated. The Democratic majority in the Senate increased from 54–46 to 55–45, Weicker, Jr. of Connecticut, and David K. Karnes of Nebraska. Connecticut, Democratic Attorney General Joe Lieberman narrowly defeated Sen. Lowell P. Weicker, a liberal in an increasingly conservative party, Weicker found himself at odds with his fellow Republicans. This rift would lead many conservatives to endorse Lieberman, Nebraska, Sen. David Karnes lost by a large margin to former Governor Bob Kerrey. Nevada, Sen. Chic Hecht was narrowly defeated by Governor Richard Bryan, Hecht had been considered vulnerable for his undistinguished record and a series of verbal gaffes. Virginia, Sen. Paul S. Trible, Jr. retired rather than run a contentious re-election race against former Governor Chuck Robb, Robb would instead face Republican Maurice Dawkins, a black minister, and defeat him in a landslide. Florida, Sen. Lawton Chiles retired rather than run for a fourth term, Congressman Connie Mack III overcame some concerns about his very conservative House record to defeat Rep. Buddy MacKay. Mississippi, Senate President pro tempore John C. Stennis retired after 41 years in the Senate, House Minority Whip Trent Lott defeated Congressman Wayne Dowdy by a comfortable margin in the increasingly Republican Mississippi. Montana, Sen. John Melcher was defeated by Republican Conrad Burns, a political novice, Burns would score an upset victory riding on the coattails of Bushs modest Montana victory. New Jersey, Sen. Frank Lautenberg won election to a second term over Republican Wall Street executive, lautenbergs campaign, led by James Carville and Paul Begala, attacked the once favored Dawkins as a carpetbagger and opportunist. Wisconsin, Former state Democratic Party Chairman Herb Kohl defeated Republican State Senator Susan Engeleiter for the seat of retiring Sen. William Proxmire. Kohl capitalized on his popularity in the state as the heir to the department stores that bear his familys name, washington, Former Sen. Slade Gorton defeated Rep. Mike Lowry for the seat of Sen. Daniel J. Evans. Gorton won the race despite having been voted out of the states other Senate seat two years earlier. Wyoming, Sen. Malcolm Wallop defeated Democratic State Senator John Vinich by less than one percentage point, Wallop became vulnerable due to attacks on his partisan voting record. A bolded state indicates an article about that states election. A bolded candidates name indicates the winner. S
21.
United States Senate elections, 1982 and 1983
–
The United States Senate elections,1982 were held on November 2,1982. It was an election for the United States Senate following Republican gains in 1980, a total of four seats changed hands between parties, and the lone independent, Senator Harry Byrd, retired. Democrats made a net gain of one seat in the election, Byrd, Jr. was taken by a Republican, and the open seat in New Jersey that was held by an appointed Republican was taken by a Democrat. In 1983, Henry M. Jackson died, and a Republican, Dan Evans, was appointed to fill the vacancy and this is not included in the numbers below. A bolded state indicates an article about that states election. United States elections,1982 United States House of Representatives elections,1982 97th United States Congress 98th United States Congress
22.
United States House of Representatives
–
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
23.
California's 1st congressional district
–
Californias 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. Doug LaMalfa, a Republican, has represented the district since January 2013, currently, the 1st district encompasses the northeastern part of the state. It consists of Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, and Tehama counties plus portions of Glenn, Nevada, prior to redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission of 2011, the 1st district encompassed the northern coast of the state. It consisted of Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino and Napa counties plus portions of Sonoma, much of that area is now the 5th district, while the current 1st district comprises much of the territory that had been the 2nd district. The GOP held the seat for all but three years from 1949 to 1983, after 20-year incumbent Don Clausen was unseated in 1983, the district was a swing area for most of the next 15 years. The GOP last held the seat in 1998 when U. S, representative Frank Riggs decided to run for the U. S. Senate. Riggs was replaced by long-time Democratic Assemblyman and State Senator Mike Thompson, Redistricting in 2001 added Democratic-leaning areas of Yolo County. John Kerry won the district in 2004 presidential election with 59. 7% of the vote, barack Obama carried the district in 2008 presidential election with 65. 60% of the vote. As of April 2015, there are four members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 1st congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Donald H. Clausen on February 7,2015, the most recently serving representative to die was Eugene A. Chappie on May 31,1992. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 1st congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD01
24.
Doug LaMalfa
–
Douglas L. Doug LaMalfa is an American politician. A Republican, he has been the U. S, Representative for Californias 1st congressional district, located in Northern California, since 2013. In the 2016 election, he beat Democrat Jim Reed and received over $400K in PAC contributions, during the Oroville Dam crisis, he immediately contacted the federal government for help- President Trump did not respond immediately. LaMalfa is an owner and manager of the Dsl Lamalfa Family Partnership, since 1995, Dsl Lamalfa Family Partnership has received payments totaling $5,132,156 in federal commodity subsidies. Oroville, which is in LaMalfas district, experienced a severe crisis, although there had been warnings about the dams safety and integrity for years, a report indicates federal officials ignored warnings. During the crisis, when over 188,000 people were evacuated, he compared the dam to a car that has a tire on it. In March 2017, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission released a report on the dam, according to experts, the dam is riddled with damage and design flaws and will take years to repair. There are also disputes over the water level for the dam. When Sikh Temples opened their doors to evacuees, it is unclear if their contributions were recognized, during the crisis, he remained upbeat about President Trump. He also turned his focus to rolling back environmental protections, on February 21,2017, LaMalfa criticized callers being nasty with his staffers. In 2002, LaMalfa ran for the California Assembly in the 2nd District and he won the Republican primary with 59% of the vote, and the general election with 67%. He won re-election in 2004 and 2006, LaMalfa worked with Bernie Richter as an early supporter of Proposition 209, which ended affirmative action in California. LaMalfa authored ACA22 to protect property owners from government abuse of eminent domain. He also wrote the Forest Fire Protection Act of 2004 to allow landowners to make their rural lands fire-safe, LaMalfa opposed Mike Feuers microstamping bill, AB1471, which was signed into law by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on October 13,2007. He opposed Speaker Fabian Núñezs bill AB8, which was designed to mandate businesses of a size to provide health insurance to their employees. ACA20 failed to pass the first hearing by a 3-to-6 vote, in 2007, he successfully passed AB1645, a law that would prevent seizures of firearms in the event of an emergency or natural disaster. This was the first pro-gun legislation passed and signed into law in a decade, joint Committee on Legislative Audit Public Safety West Nile virus In 2010, he ran for the California State Senate in the 4th District. In the Republican primary, he defeated State Representative Rick Keene 58%–42%, in the general election, he defeated Lathe Gill 68%–32%
25.
California's 4th congressional district
–
Californias 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. Tom McClintock, a Republican, has represented the district since January 2009, currently, the 4th district encompasses the Sierra from Truckee to the Sequoia National Forest. It consists of Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, and Tuolumne counties plus portions of Fresno, Madera, Nevada, and Placer counties. It consisted of El Dorado, Lassen, Modoc, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, george W. Bush won the district in 2004 with 61. 3% of the vote. John McCain carried the district in 2008 with 53. 98% of the vote while Barack Obama received 43. 83%, as of 2006, Republicans had 48 percent of voter registrations, Democrats had 30 percent, and Libertarians had roughly 5 percent. But in the more recent 2012 and 2014 elections the Republican candidate won over 60% of the vote indicating the District remains solidly Republican, new district boundaries for the 2012 elections shifted the population center to the south and east. Registered Democrats and Independents/Decline to State voters in the new district area outnumber registered Republicans by 12%, however Republicans, Independents/Decline to State and small third parties outnumber Democrats well over a 2 to 1 ratio. There are 183,800 Republicans,117,300 Democrats and 97,200 other, as of April 2015, there are two former members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 4th congressional district that are currently living. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 4th congressional district California Citizens Redistricting Commission, wedrawthelines. ca. gov 2012 final district maps
26.
Tom McClintock
–
Thomas Miller Tom McClintock II /məˈklɪntɒk/, is the U. S. Representative for Californias 4th congressional district, serving since 2009 and he is a member of the Republican Party. He is a former Assemblyman and state Senator, McClintock unsuccessfully ran for Governor of California in the 2003 California recall election and for Lieutenant Governor of California in the 2006 California lieutenant gubernatorial election. McClintock was born in White Plains, New York to a wealthy family and he was elected Chairman of the Ventura County Republican Party at age 23, and served until 1981. He was chief of staff to State Senator Ed Davis from 1980–82, from 1992–94, he served as the director of the Center for the California Taxpayer. He was director of the Claremont Institutes Golden State Center for Policy Studies from 1995–96, McClintock ran for Californias 36th State Assembly district in 1982 at the age of 26 after redistricting. He defeated Democrat Harriet Kosmo Henson 56–44%, in 1984, he won re-election to a second term, defeating Tom Jolicoeur 72–28%. In 1986, he won re-election to a term, defeating Frank Nekimken 73–25%. In 1988, he won re-election to a term, defeating George Webb II 70–29%. In 1990, he won re-election to a term, defeating Ginny Connell 59–36%. After running for Congress in 1992 and for controller in 1994 and he ran for Californias 38th State Assembly district and defeated Democrat Jon Lauritzen 56–40% to win his sixth assembly term. In 1998, McClintock won re-election to a seventh term unopposed and he authored California’s lethal injection use for Californias death penalty law. He also opposed tax increases and supported spending cuts and he was a strong proponent of abolishing the car tax. In 2000, he decided to retire from the California Assembly to run for Californias 19th State Senate district and he ranked first in the May 7th open primary with 52% of the vote. In November, he defeated Democrat Daniel Gonzalez 58–42%, in 2004, he won re-election to a second term, defeating Paul Joseph Graber 61–39%. McClintock has a history of opposing various tax increases. During the 2000 dot-com bubble, he was instrumental in proposing a reduction in the vehicle license fee. In 2003, he opposed then-Governor Gray Daviss attempt to rescind a rollback of a license fee
27.
California's 8th congressional district
–
Californias 8th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. Paul Cook, a Republican from Yucca Valley, has represented the district since January 2013, currently, the 8th district encompasses most of the eastern desert regions of the state. It stretches from Mono Lake to Twentynine Palms and it consists of Inyo and Mono counties plus most of San Bernardino County. It is one of the largest and most sparsely populated districts in California. The largest city in the district is Victorville, prior to redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission of 2011, the 8th district was in San Francisco. The new district lines went into effect for the June 2012 elections, the district is 50. 2% white,8. 1% black,3. 9% Asian,35. 3% Hispanic, and 2. 5% other. Among registered voters,41. 9% are registered with the Republican Party and 32. 6% are registered with the Democratic Party, voters affiliated with other or no parties make up 25. 6% of the electorate. Before the 2011 redistricting, the 8th district was a Democratic stronghold and it gave John Kerry his best performance in California in 2004, backing the Democrat with 84. 2% of the vote. Barack Obama continued on this trend in 2008 when he received 85. 22% of the vote in the district while John McCain received 12. 38%, the new 8th district lies in a politically conservative region of the state with a Strongly Republican Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+10. The Cook Political Report ranks it the 87th most Republican-leaning congressional district in the United States, in the 2012 election, the 8th district was one of only two in California where two Republicans faced each other in a runoff election. As of April 2015, there are three members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 8th congressional district that are currently living. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 8th congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map — CD08
28.
Paul Cook (politician)
–
Paul Joseph Cook is an American politician who has been the U. S. Representative for Californias 8th congressional district since 2013, previously, he served as a member of California State Assembly from 2006 to 2012 and on the Yucca Valley city council from 1998 until 2006. Cook was born in Meriden, Connecticut in 1943 and he was raised in Meriden and did not permanently move to California until the end of his military career. In 1966, he graduated from Southern Connecticut State University, earning a B. S. in teaching, later that year, he joined the United States Marine Corps. As an infantry officer, Cook served in the Vietnam War and he later earned an MPA from California State University, San Bernardino in 1996 and a masters in political science from University of California Riverside in 2000. His actions in combat earned him honors, including the Bronze Star. He served in the Marine Corps for 26 years, from 1993–1994, he was Director of Yucca Valley Chamber of Commerce. From 1998-2002, he was a professor at Copper Mountain College, Cook taught courses on political violence and terrorism at University of California Riverside since 2002. In 2006, Cook ran for Californias 65th Assembly District, Cook won a five candidate Republican primary field with 29% of the vote. In the general election, Cook defeated Democrat Rita Ramirez-Dean 60%–37%, in 2008, he won re-election to a second term, defeating Democrat Carl Wood 53%–47%. In 2010, he won re-election to a term, defeating Wood again 58%–42%. The California Chamber of Commerce and the California Taxpayers Association gave Cook a perfect 100% rating from 2007-2011, Cook entered the primary for the district, which had been renumbered from the 41st to the 8th in redistricting. He finished second in the 13-candidate all-party open primary and he earned 15% of the vote. Fellow Republican and conservative activist Gregg Imus ranked first with 16% of the vote. S, in the November election, Cook defeated Imus 58%–42%. S. House site Paul Cook for Congress
29.
California's 10th congressional district
–
Californias 10th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. Currently, the 10th district encompasses an area of the northern San Joaquin Valley, jeff Denham, a Republican and former State Senator, has represented the district since January 2013. The district consists of Stanislaus County, and portions of San Joaquin County, cities in the district include Oakdale, Manteca, Modesto, Tracy, and Turlock. Former Prior to redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission of 2011 and it consisted of portions of Alameda, Contra Costa, Sacramento, and Solano Counties. The 10th district received national attention in 1996 when Democrat Ellen Tauscher defeated incumbent Republican Bill Baker, in the 2002 redistricting of California, all seats were made safe for the parties of incumbent officeholders. The district boundaries were extended to parts of Solano County, southwestern Sacramento County, eastern Contra Costa County. Although much of the suburban Tri-Valley region was lost to the 11th Congressional District, on June 26,2009, Tauscher resigned her seat to be sworn in as Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security. In the ensuing special election held on November 3,2009, Republican John D. Fredericks won the special election to replace fellow Republican Henry Z. Osborne, who died in office. Data for this election is not available. Democrat Alfred J. Elliott won the election to replace fellow Democrat Henry E. Stubbs. Data for this election is not available. As of April 2015, there are three members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 10th congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Don Edwards on October 1,2015, list of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 10th congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD10
30.
Jeff Denham
–
Jeffrey John Jeff Denham /ˈdɛnəm/ is an American politician, United States Air Force veteran, and businessman. A member of the Republican Party, he is the U. S, representative for Californias 10th congressional district. Denham first won election to the U. S. House in 2010, from 2002 to 2010, Denham served in the California State Senate, representing the 12th District, which includes Madera, Merced, Monterey, San Benito, and Stanislaus counties. In 1984, at age 17, Denham enlisted in the United States Air Force and he served on active and reserve status for 16 years, during which he received the Meritorious Service Medal for his service during Operation Desert Storm and Operation Restore Hope. In 2006 he was honored by the California National Guard with its highest military award, Denham received an associates degree from Victor Valley College in 1989 and a B. A. in political science from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, in 1992. He has worked as a farmer and started a plastics company to ship produce. In 2000, Denham ran for the California State Assembly against City Councilman Simon Salinas, a total of $2.5 million was spent in the race. Salinas defeated Denham with 52% of the vote,2002 Denham ran for the State Senate in 2002 against former Democratic State Assemblyman Rusty Areias. The race featured a number of political advertisements and was one of the most expensive legislative races in state history. Denhams campaign highlighted Areiass financial difficulties, including unpaid taxes, the election was on November 5,2002, but the vote count was close, the lead in the race went back and forth for several days. Denham won by 1,843 votes, 48% to 47%,2006 In November 2006, Denham won re-election to a second term with 58% of the vote. 2008 recall attempt In 2008, an effort was instigated against Denham by Democrat Don Perata after Denham declined to cast a deadlock-breaking vote on the state budget. Supporters of the recall turned in more than 60,000 signatures, in the recall election on June 3,2008, Denham easily survived the recall, with 77% of voters casting ballots to retain him. 2009 Lieutenant Governor and State Assembly campaigns Denham announced in December 2008 that he would be a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of California in the 2010 election. Denham then campaigned briefly for the State Assembly seat being vacated by Tom Berryhill of Modesto, during his time in the state legislature, Denham focused his efforts on education, agriculture and job creation. He called for a reduction in government waste in Sacramento, better use of surplus assets. Congressman George Radanovich announced he would retire due to health reasons and he endorsed Denham as his successor for the Californias 19th congressional district. In the Republican primary, Denham defeated Fresno mayor Jim Patterson, congressman Richard Pombo, and Fresno City Councilman Larry Westerlund 36%–31%–21%–12%
31.
California's 21st congressional district
–
Cities in it include, Coalinga, Delano, Hanford, and outer parts of Bakersfield. The district is represented by Republican David Valadao. Formerly, from 2003-2013, the 21st district covered all of Tulare County, as of April 2015, there are four former members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 21st congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Augustus F. Hawkins on November 10,2007, the most recently serving representative to die was James C. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 21st congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD21
32.
David Valadao
–
David Goncalves Valadao /ˌvæləˈdeɪoʊ/ is an American politician who has been a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Californias 21st congressional district, since 2013. Prior to that, he served one term in the California State Assembly and he is a member of the Republican Party. In Congress, Valadao has gained a reputation as one of the Republican Partys leading advocates of immigration reform. Valadao was born and raised in Hanford, California and he graduated from Hanford High School in 1995, and attended the College of the Sequoias in Visalia. He currently serves as the partner of Valadao Dairy, which he owns with his brothers. He has also been a member of the California Milk Advisory Board, Western States Dairy Trade Association, in August 2014, the United States Chamber of Commerce awarded Valadao its Spirit of Enterprise Award. Valadao won the award again less than two years later, in a 2016. Valadao was the poorest member of Congress in 2014, with over $12 million in loans to his familys dairy farm, Valadao announced his candidacy for Californias 30th State Assembly district following the retirement of Republican Assemblyman Danny Gilmore in 2010. He defeated Stephanie Campbell in the Republican primary 78%–22%, in the general election, he defeated Shafter Mayor Fran Florez 61%–39%. The district had previously been the 20th District, represented by four-term Democrat Jim Costa, however, redistricting had shifted most of the districts share of Fresno to the new 16th District, and Costa sought reelection there. In the June 5 open primary, he ranked first with 57% of the vote, ahead of Democrat John Hernandez – the head of the local Hispanic Chamber of Commerce –, in the November 6 election, he defeated Hernandez by a margin of 58%–42%. Valadao ran for reelection in November 2014 and his challengers were Democrat Amanda Renteria, a former political aide for Dianne Feinstein and Debbie Stabenow, and John Hernandez, the Democratic nominee whom he defeated in 2012. In the June 3 primary, he ranked first once again with 63% of the vote, in the November 4 general election, Valadao won reelection to his second term with 58% of the vote. Valadao ran for reelection to a term in November 2016. His first challenger was Democrat Daniel Parra, the Mayor pro tem of Fowler, in January 2016, Emilio Huerta, son of United Farm Workers co-founder Dolores Huerta, announced his candidacy for the race as a Democrat. In the primary on June 7, Valadao once again came in first with 58. 2% of the vote, while Parra finished narrowly ahead of Huerta. However, in the days, enough absentee ballots came in to allow Huerta to overtake Parra, with 24. 2% to Parras 21. 8%. In the general election, Valadao won reelection with roughly 59% of the vote, in February 2014, the House Ethics Committee formally dismissed the complaint
33.
California's 22nd congressional district
–
Californias 22nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. The district is represented by Republican Devin Nunes. The 22nd congressional district is centered in the San Joaquin Valley, in Fresno, the district includes most of eastern Fresno, as well as all of Clovis, Tulare, and Visalia. Former From 2002–2013 the 22nd formerly covered parts of San Luis Obispo, Kern, the district was anchored in Bakersfield and took in most of San Luis Obispo County. As of April 2015, there are five members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 22nd congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Carlos Moorhead on November 23,2011, the most recently serving representative to die was Walter Capps, who died in office on October 28,1997. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 22nd congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD22
34.
Devin Nunes
–
Devin Gerald Nunes, GOIH /ˈnuːˌnɛs/, is a Republican U. S. Representative for Californias 22nd congressional district, serving since 2003 and he serves as chairman of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and served as a member of President Trumps transition team. Nuness district, numbered as the 21st from 2003 to 2013, is in the San Joaquin Valley and includes most of western Tulare County, in early 2017, he was criticized for his alleged bias in a Congressional investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. Nunes stepped aside from leading that investigation, but remains chairman for other purposes. Nunes was born on October 1,1973, in Tulare, California and his family has operated a farm in Tulare County for three generations. The Nunes family is of Portuguese descent, immigrating from the Azores to California and he unseated an 18-year incumbent on the Board of Trustees of his alma mater, the College of the Sequoias, earning 65% of the vote. In 2001, he was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as California State Director for the United States Department of Agricultures Rural Development section. In 2002 Nunes ran for the Republican nomination in the 21st congressional district and his principal opponents in the crowded seven-way primary were former Fresno mayor Jim Patterson and state Assemblyman Mike Briggs. Nunes was the major candidate from Tulare County, Patterson. This was critical, as 58% of the population was in Tulare County. Patterson and Briggs split the vote in Fresno County, allowing Nunes to win by a four-point margin over Patterson, Nunes won 46. 5% of the vote in Tulare County and 28. 1% of the vote in Fresno County. Nunes was also helped by a showing in the rural part of the district. He won the endorsements of the California Farm Bureau and the Fresno Bee, the district is solidly Republican, and Nunes coasted to victory in November. He has been reelected seven times against only nominal Democratic opposition, during the June 8,2010, primary, Nunes actually received more write-in votes in the Democratic primary than the Democratic write-in candidate. He ran unopposed in the 2010 general election, Nunes district was renumbered the 22nd after the 2010 census. It lost most of eastern Tulare County to the neighboring 23rd District, despite these changes, it is no less Republican than its predecessor. In April 2016, Nunes voted for the Preventing IRS Abuse and Protecting Free Speech Act, the bill lessened the ability of the IRS to know the names of donors to so-called social welfare nonprofit groups, 501s, which increased after the Citizens United decision. The information on donors assists the IRS with ensuring that foreign funds do not covertly enter U. S. election politics, since that vote, the U. S. intelligence community has officially concluded that the Russian government interfered in the U. S. election
35.
California's 23rd congressional district
–
Californias 23rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. The current district is centered in areas of the southern San Joaquin Valley and southern Sierra Nevada, the Tehachapi Mountains, and it includes the cities of Mojave and Ridgecrest, as well as most of Bakersfield. Sequoia National Park and Sequoia National Forest are within it, the district was represented in the 115th United States Congress by Republican Kevin McCarthy. In June 2014 McCarthy was elected Majority Leader of the House of Representatives, from 2003–2013 the district ran along the Pacific coasts of Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties. Major cities in the district included Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Ventura and it was often referred to as the district that disappears at high tide or the ribbon of shame. As of April 2015, there are three members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 23rd congressional district that are currently living. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 23rd congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD23
36.
Kevin McCarthy (California politician)
–
Kevin Owen McCarthy is an American congressman from Bakersfield, California. He serves in the United States House of Representatives for Californias 23rd district, a Republican, he was formerly chairman of the California Young Republicans and the Young Republican National Federation. McCarthy worked as director for U. S. Representative Bill Thomas, and in 2000 was elected as a trustee to the Kern Community College District and he then served in the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2006, the last two years as minority leader. When Thomas retired from the House of Representatives in 2006, McCarthy ran to succeed him and won the election. After announcing his candidacy for Speaker on September 28,2015, he dropped out of the race on October 8 after a gaffe where he said, Everybody thought Hillary Clinton was unbeatable, but we put together a Benghazi special committee, a select committee. But no one would have any of that had happened, had we not fought. McCarthy was born in Bakersfield, California, the son of Roberta Darlene, a homemaker, and Owen McCarthy, McCarthy is a fourth-generation resident of Kern County. He is the first Republican in his family, as his parents were members of the Democratic Party. At the age of 19, he opened his first business and he subsequently sold the deli to attend California State University, Bakersfield, where he obtained a B. S. in marketing in 1989 and an M. B. A. in 1994. In 1995, he was chairman of the California Young Republicans, from 1999 to 2001, he was chairman of the Young Republican National Federation. From the late 1990s until 2000, he was director for U. S. Representative Bill Thomas, who, at the time, chaired the House Ways, McCarthy won his first election in 2000, as a Kern Community College District trustee. McCarthy was elected to the California State Assembly in 2002, becoming Republican floor leader during his term in 2003. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2006, McCarthy entered the Republican primary for Californias 22nd District after his former boss, Bill Thomas, announced his retirement. He won the three-way Republican primary--the real contest in this heavily Republican district--with 85 percent of the vote and he then won the general election with 70. 7% of the vote. McCarthy was unopposed for a second term and he was virtually unopposed, winning 98. 8% of the vote, with opposition coming only from a write-in candidate. Redistricting before the 2012 election resulted in McCarthys district being renumbered as the 23rd District and it became somewhat more compact, losing its share of the Central Coast while picking up large parts of Tulare County
37.
California's 25th congressional district
–
Californias 25th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California that covers part of northern Los Angeles County and part of Ventura County. It includes the cities of Santa Clarita, Simi Valley, Palmdale, Lancaster, and it is the most Republican congressional district to be located primarily in Los Angeles County. The district is represented by Republican Steve Knight. As of April 2015, there is one member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 24th congressional district that is currently living. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 25th congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD25
38.
Steve Knight (politician)
–
Stephen Thomas Steve Knight is an American politician. A Republican, he is the U. S, Representative for Californias 25th congressional district. Previously, he represented Californias 21st State Senate district from 2012–14, from 2010-12, he served as Assistant Minority Leader in the California State Assembly. Knight served in the U. S. Army from 1985 to 1993 and he was previously a member of the Palmdale, California City Council. Knight was born at Edwards Air Force Base in the Antelope Valley on December 17,1966, after graduating from Palmdale High School, he served in the U. S. Army from 1985-87 as a track systems mechanic in Friedberg, Germany. When his tour ended, he served in the Army Reserve, in 2006, Knight received an associate of arts degree from Antelope Valley College. Knight served for 18 years with the Los Angeles Police Department and he served on the Palmdale City Council and represented the north Los Angeles County area in both the California State Assembly and California State Senate. Knight was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2008, from 2010 to 2012, he was the Assistant Minority Leader of the California State Assembly. In 2012, Knight was elected to the California State Senate and his father, the late William J. Pete Knight served as Republican state senator in the Antelope Valley. In the State Assembly, Knight was vice chairman of the resources and public safety committees and served on the aerospace, local government, utilities and commerce. In September 2014, California Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill introduced by Knight that aimed to protect California’s disabled veterans by fixing an issue with property tax exemptions, Knight focused his 2014 campaign on jobs and education. The Los Angeles Daily News endorsed Knight in the 2014 primary election, due to Californias blanket primary system, Knight faced fellow Republican Tony Strickland in the November 4,2014, general election. Knight defeated Strickland with 53% of the vote, Knight was sworn into office on January 6,2015, aged 48. In April 2015, Knight had an altercation with a protester. After the protester touched him, Knight threatened him but later apologized, in May 2015, the National Republican Congressional Committee named Knight to its Patriot Program. The program gives added attention by the party to reelection campaigns in districts most likely to switch to Democratic representation in upcoming elections. In addition to Knight, two Democrats and one other Republican filed to run in the districts top-two primary, which place on June 7,2016. Knight and Democrat Bryan Caforio advanced to the general election, Knight was endorsed by the Los Angeles Daily News
39.
California's 39th congressional district
–
Californias 39th congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. S. From 1993 to 2003, the 39th Congressional District was a Republican stronghold, in 2003, this territory was mostly redesignated into the neighboring 40th Congressional District and 42nd Congressional District. From 2003 to 2013, the 39th district was represented Linda Sánchez, as of January 2017, there are three former members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 39th congressional district that are currently living. List of United States congressional districts GovTrack. us, Californias 39th congressional district RAND California Election Returns, District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD39
40.
Ed Royce
–
A member of the Republican Party, Royce became the Chairman of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs in 2013. He was re-elected to his seat in 2016, having spent over $3.5 million on his campaign. Born in Los Angeles, California, and graduating from Katella High School in Anaheim, Royce went on to earn his B. A. in Accounting and Finance in 1977 from the California State University, Fullerton. Royce is married to the former Marie Therese Porter, a businesswoman and former Professor at California State Polytechnic University, after redistricting following the 1990 United States Census, incumbent Republican U. S. Representative William Dannemeyer decided to retire and run for the 1992 U. S. Senate election, Royce won the Republican primary for what was then Californias 39th congressional district and defeated Democrat Molly McClanahan in the general election with 57% of the vote. He won re-election to the 39th district four times with at least 63% of the vote. After redistricting after the 2000 United States Census, his district was renumbered the 40th,2012 After redistricting, Royces home in Fullerton was drawn into the 39th district. That district had previously been the 42nd District, represented by fellow Republican Gary Miller, Royce defeated Jay Chen in the general election. S. Philippines Friendship Caucus Congressional Cement Caucus Royce is one of 14 GOP House Republicans in California and he has voted with his party in 97% of votes so far in the current session of Congress and voted in line with President Trumps position in 92. 9% of the votes. Over his career, Royce has received nearly $7 million from PACs, in the 2016 race, he raised over $4.2 million and spent over $3.5 million. His campaign committee received funds from Northwest Excavating, Duetche Bank, Morgan Stanley, the Sunlight Foundation gave Royces web site a 24 percent rating for transparency, with 40 percent being considered a passing score. Royces website highlights support from groups such as 60 Plus and business organizations such as the National Taxpayers Union, Citizens Against Government Waste. He has received praise from the American Share Holders Association, Citizens for a Sound Economy, wells Fargo, Orange County Teachers Fed Credit Union, and GUS plc. He is among the representatives receiving the largest percentage of their contributions from the banking industry. He has received 14 Taxpayer Friend Awards from the National Taxpayers Union, Royce opposes funding for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. Royce has posited that these overseas investments expose taxpayers to a potential liability. Royce is a conservative, having voted against same-sex marriage and gay adoption. He has a 92 percent rating from the Christian Coalition in terms of his record on families
41.
California's 42nd congressional district
–
Californias 42nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of California. The district is represented by Republican Ken Calvert. The district is centered in the Inland Empire including communities of Corona, from 2003 to 2013, the district covered parts of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino counties in Southern California. As of April 2015, there are two members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Californias 42nd congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Lionel Van Deerlin on May 17,2008, the most recently serving representative to die was George Brown Jr. who died in office on July 15,1999
42.
Ken Calvert
–
Kenneth Stanton Ken Calvert is the U. S. Representative for Californias 42nd congressional district, and previously the 44th and 43rd and he is a member of the Republican Party. The district is part of the Inland Empire and south Orange County areas of Southern California, Calvert was born in Corona, California, to Marceline Hamblen and Ira D. Calvert, Jr. and still lives in Corona. In 1970, shortly after school, he joined the campaigns of former state legislator Victor Veysey. Calvert worked in Veyseys Washington, D. C. office as an intern after a 1972 victory and he graduated from Corona High School in 1971. Calvert received an Associate of Arts degree from Chaffey Community College in 1973, after graduation, he managed his familys restaurant, the Jolly Fox, in Corona for five years. He then entered the real estate industry and ran Ken Calvert Real Properties until he was elected to Congress, in 1982, the 29-year-old Calvert ran for the United States House of Representatives to represent a newly drawn district. He narrowly lost the Republican primary to Riverside County Supervisor Al McCandless, McCandless went on to win the general election. Calvert was first elected to the House in 1992, when McCandless was re-elected in a different district, Calvert won the general election with 47% of the vote, defeating Democrat Mark Takano by 519 votes. In 1994, he was challenged in the Republican primary by Joe Khoury and he was re-elected in the 1994 general election with 55 percent, again defeating Takano. Ironically, he now serves in the House alongside his former opponent, in 1996, he was re-elected with 54 percent of the vote, defeating Democrat Guy Kimbrough. In 1998 he defeated Democrat Mike Rayburn with 55 percent of the vote, Calvert won again in 2000 with 74 percent of the vote, facing no major-party opposition. Calvert was re-elected in 2002, defeating Louis Vandenberg with 64 percent of the vote and he defeated Vandenberg again in 2004 with 61 percent of the vote. Vandenberg, an administrator, was again Calverts opponent in the November 2006 election. Calvert won with 60 percent of the vote, Vandenburg got 38 percent, in 2008, he had a surprisingly close race. He ran against Democratic candidate Bill Hedrick, receiving 52% of the vote, Calvert declared victory immediately, but Hedrick waited three weeks before conceding, due to higher than normal turnout prolonging the vote-counting process. In 2010, Bill Hedrick ran against Calvert again, while most pundits such as Larry Sabato expected him to lose again, sources such as The New York Times ranked the race more competitive. The New York Times re-ranked this race from solid Republican, to leaning Republican, in the end, Calvert won by a 10% margin
