Calligraphy
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Calligraphy is fine handwriting taken to the level of visual art. It involves the design and execution of lettering or characters using a pen, ink brush, or other writing instruments. Classical callig
Ink brushes of various size and material
Detail of Su Shi's Former Ode on the Red Cliffs transcribed by Zhao Mengfu in semi-cursive script, Yuan dynasty (China)
Detail of an Ishiyama-gire fragment: waka from the Ise shū in kana calligraphy on decorated paper, early 12th century (Heian period)
Bronze gallery, Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan.
Penmanship
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Penmanship is the technique of writing with the hand using a writing instrument. Today, this is most commonly done with a pen, or pencil, but throughout history has included many different implements.
Calligraphy
…for the London Underground, still used today (with minor modifications). Johnston has been credited for single-handedly reviving the art of modern penmanship and lettering through his books and teachings – his handbook on the subject, Writing & Illuminating, & Lettering (1906) was particularly influential…
Example of classic American business cursive handwriting known as Spencerian script from 1884
A thin object (pen), held with three fingers, allows one to draw thin lines.
Example of semi-cursive style Chinese calligraphy
A typical Kanji practice notebook of a 3rd grader