1.
Canton, Ohio
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Canton is a city in and the county seat of Stark County, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1805 alongside the Middle and West Branches of Nimishillen Creek, however, its status in that regard began to decline during the late 20th century, as shifts in the manufacturing industry led to the relocation or repositioning of many factories. After this decline, the industry diversified into the service economy, including retailing, education, finance. Canton is located approximately 24 miles south of Akron, and 60 miles south of Cleveland, Canton lies on the outskirts of the greater northeast Ohio metropolitan area anchored by Cleveland, and is also a short distance away from the periphery of the greater Pittsburgh area. The city lies on the edge of Ohios extensive Amish country, particularly in Holmes and Wayne counties to the citys west and southwest. Canton is located along Interstate 77, U. S. Route 62, and the historic Lincoln Highway, the present-day U. S. Route 30, and is also the terminus of the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad. Canton is the largest incorporated area in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, as of the 2010 Census, the population was 404,422. Cantons city population declined 9. 7%, down to 73,007 residents, despite this decline, the 2010 figure actually moved Canton from ninth to eighth place among Ohio cities. Nearby Youngstown in Mahoning County, once more populous than Canton. Canton is chiefly notable for two reasons, the first is football, especially the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the formation in 1920 of what became the National Football League. The second is William McKinley, who conducted from his home in Canton the famed front porch campaign which won him the presidency of the United States in the 1896 election, the McKinley National Memorial and the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum commemorate his life and presidency. Canton was chosen as the site of the First Ladies National Historic Site largely in honor of his wife, Canton is currently experiencing an urban renaissance, anchored by its growing and thriving arts district centrally located in the downtown area. Several historic buildings have been rehabilitated and converted into upscale lofts, Canton was founded in 1805, incorporated as a village in 1822, and re-incorporated as a city in 1838. Bezaleel Wells, the surveyor who divided the land of the town, named it after Canton, the name was a memorial to a trader named John ODonnell, whom Wells admired. ODonnell had named his Maryland plantation after the Chinese city, as he had been the first person to transport goods from there to Baltimore, Canton was the adopted home of President William McKinley. Born in Niles, McKinley first practiced law in Canton around 1867, the city was his home during his successful campaign for Ohio governor, the site of his front-porch presidential campaign of 1896 and the campaign of 1900. Canton is now the site of the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum, Cantons street layout forms the basis for the system of addresses in Stark County. Canton proper is divided into quadrants by Tuscarawas Street and Market Avenue
2.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
3.
1920 APFA season
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The 1920 APFA season was the inaugural season of the American Professional Football Association—renamed the National Football League in 1922. The league was formed on August 20,1920, by independent professional American football teams from Ohio, at the meeting, they first called their new league the American Professional Football Conference. A second organizational meeting was held in Canton on September 17, at the meeting, the name of the league became the American Professional Football Association. Four other teams joined the Association during the year. Meanwhile, Jim Thorpe of the Canton Bulldogs was named the APFAs first president, scheduling was left up to each team. There were wide variations, both in the number of games played and in the number played against other Association members. Thus, no standings were maintained. In addition, football teams in the APFA also faced independent football teams not associated with the league, for instance, the Rochester Jeffersons played a schedule consisting mostly of local teams from their local sandlot circuit and the NYPFL, not the APFA. The Akron Pros ended the season as the undefeated team in the Association. Despite this, two one-loss teams—the Decatur Staleys and Buffalo All-Americans—who both tied Akron that year made cases for a co-championship. At the league meetings in Akron on April 30,1921, the Pros were awarded the Brunswick-Balke Collender Cup for the 1920 season, according to modern NFL tie-breaking rules, the 1920 Buffalo All-Americans would be co-champions. They would be tied with the Akron Pros in win percentage,9.5 wins to 1.5 losses, both teams beating out the Staleys, who would have a season that counted 11 wins to 2 losses. Prior to the APFA, there were several other loose, professional organizations, the representatives then contacted other major professional teams and invited them to a meeting for September 17. Representatives of the Buffalo All-Americans and Rochester Jeffersons could not attend the meeting, under the new league structure, teams created their schedules dynamically as the season progressed, so there were no minimum or maximum number of games needed to be played. Also, representatives of each team voted to determine the winner of the APFA trophy, the regular-season schedule was not fixed but was created dynamically by each team as the season progressed. The following table was formed by NFL History, which used contemporary newspapers, the first game involving an APFA team occurred on September 26, when the Rock Island Independents beat the St. Paul Ideals 48–0. The first official game between APFA members occurred on October 3, when the Dayton Triangles beat the Columbus Panhandles 14-0, the Triangles Lou Partlow scored the leagues first touchdown and George Hobby Kinderline kicked the first extra point. An historic marker placed by the Ohio Historical Society at Triangle Park in Dayton marks the location of that first ever game, the final game of the season was a 14–14 tie between the Racine Cardinals and the Chicago Staleys on December 19,1920
4.
Ralph Hay
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Hay was the owner of the Canton Bulldogs from 1918 until 1923. However he is recognized for organizing the first meeting of teams that would later form the American Professional Football Association. After high school in Canton, Hay, at age 18, after several years selling cars, Hay went into the car business for himself. Hay Motor Company, and sold Jordan Hupmobiles and Pierce-Arrows, Hay became one of the most successful automobile dealers in the state of Ohio. In 1918, at the age of 27, Hay acquired the Canton Bulldogs from Jack Cusack, Hay had planned to use the team to help promote his car business and pursue his love of football. At the time the Bulldogs were the top team in the unofficial Ohio League, the team did not compete much in 1918 due manning issues related to the United States involvement in World War I. However in 1919, the Bulldogs again won the championship, despite winning a championship, the Bulldogs did not draw well. Not enough fans came to games to pay for the salaries owed to the players. To combat the increasing salaries, as well as the issue of players jumping from team to team, Hay sought to form a league. The league idea came from Cantons star halfback, Jim Thorpe, in August 1920, Hay met in Canton with the managers of the Akron Pros, Cleveland Tigers, and Dayton Triangles to form the American Professional Football Conference. The Akron delegation consisted of Frank Nied and Art Ranney, while Jimmy ODonnell and Stan Cofall represented Cleveland, and Carl Storck Dayton. At the meeting Hay was elected secretary of the league and he then wrote to every important pro team in the Midwest, including George Halas manager of the Decatur Staleys, inviting them to meet in Canton on Friday, September 17,1920 at 8,00 pm. Representatives from ten pro teams showed up, because Hays office was too small, the meeting was held in his automobile showroom. Some of the owners sat on car running boards due to a lack of seats, the resulting organization operated for two years as the American Professional Football Association before its name was changed to the National Football League in 1922. The ten original franchises were from four states, four other franchises the Buffalo All-Americans, Chicago Tigers, Columbus Panhandles, and Detroit Heralds would join the league later that year. Hay was asked to become the president, however he suggested that Jim Thorpe take the position on the belief that his fame would enhance the league. Hay built a team in Canton during the early1920s, signing three future Hall of Famers in tackle Wilbur Henry, tackle Roy Link Lyman, and end Guy Chamberlin. When Chamberlin took over as coach in 1922 from Cap Edwards, however, Hay continued to lose money with the Bulldogs
5.
Blondy Wallace
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Charles Edgar Blondy Wallace was an early professional football player. He was a 240-pound, former Walter Camp second-team All-American tackle from the University of Pennsylvania and he also played two years at Peddie Institute, in New Jersey, winning state championships in 1896 and 1897. During his professional playing career he was involved in almost every event in professional football between 1902 and 1907. In 1902, Col. John Rogers, owner of the National Leagues Philadelphia Phillies, upon hearing of this, Wallace approached Ben Shibe of the rival American Leagues Philadelphia Athletics to see whether the Athletics would be following suit and fielding a football team. Not wanting his rivals to be unchallenged, Shibe decided to form a team with Wallace as the teams player-coach, the Athletics baseball manager, Connie Mack, was then named the teams manager. The football Philadelphia Athletics finished the 1902 NFL season with a 5–2–2 record for a controversial second-place finish behind the Pittsburgh Stars, the league then folded immediately after the season. After the NFL season, Wallace played in the World Series of Football in 1902 at Madison Square Garden and he played on a team that consisted of former players from the football Athletics and the football Philadelphia Phillies of the NFL. The name of their team was called the New York team by Series organizer, Tom ORourke. Syracuse defeated Wallace and the New York club in what has called the first indoor pro football game. However Blondy would get a second winning the series after Glenn Pop Warner of the Syracuse Athletic Club suffered a head injury and was replaced by Wallace. Syracuse would go on to win the championship by a score of 36-0. In 1903, Bill Prince, the manager of the Franklin Athletic Club and that year, Wallace became the teams captain. That year Franklin posted a 12-0 record and won the 1903 World Series of Football and this accomplishment makes Blondy a winner on both the 1902 and 1903 World Series teams. In 1905 Wallace became the coach of the Canton Athletic Club. That year Wallace, signed an agreement with the Latrobe Athletic Association, led by quarterback John Brallier, Latrobe, under Brallier, was not only the current Pennsylvania football champion, but were undefeated for the last three seasons. They were also considered the professional team capable of competing at the same level as Canton. Canton would go on to lose the game to Latrobe, however the team was the runner-up in the Ohio League standings for the 1905 season, Wallace added four former Massillon players to his team in 1906. Shortly afterward that second game, a Massillon newspaper charged Wallace with fixing the 1906 championship game, the Bulldogs and Wallace denied the charges, maintaining that Massillon only wanted to ruin the clubs reputation before their final game against Latrobe
6.
Jim Thorpe
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James Francis Thorpe was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist. A member of the Sac and Fox Nation, Thorpe became the first Native American to win a medal for his home country. Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports, he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon, and played American football, professional baseball, in 1983,30 years after his death, the International Olympic Committee restored his Olympic medals. Thorpe grew up in the Sac and Fox Nation in Oklahoma, and attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School, after his Olympic success in 1912, which included a record score in the decathlon, he added a victory in the All-Around Championship of the Amateur Athletic Union. In 1913, Thorpe signed with the New York Giants, Thorpe joined the Canton Bulldogs American football team in 1915, helping them win three professional championships, he later played for six teams in the National Football League. He played as part of several all-American Indian teams throughout his career, from 1920 to 1921, Thorpe was nominally the first president of the American Professional Football Association, which became the NFL in 1922. He played professional sports until age 41, the end of his sports career coinciding with the start of the Great Depression and he struggled to earn a living after that, working several odd jobs. He suffered from alcoholism, and lived his last years in failing health and he was married three times and had eight children, before suffering from heart failure and dying in 1953. Thorpe has received accolades for his athletic accomplishments. The Associated Press named him the greatest athlete from the first 50 years of the 20th century, a Pennsylvania town was named in his honor and a monument site there is the site of his remains, which were the subject of legal action. Thorpe was portrayed in the 1951 film Jim Thorpe – All-American, information about Thorpes birth, name and ethnic background varies widely. He was baptized Jacobus Franciscus Thorpe in the Catholic Church, Thorpe was born in Indian Territory, but no birth certificate has been found. He was generally considered to have born on May 22,1887, near the town of Prague. Hope this will clear up the inquiries as to my birthplace, however, most biographers believe that he was born on May 22,1887, as that is what is listed on his baptismal certificate. Bellemont was a community, now disappeared, on the line between Pottawatomie and Lincoln Counties. While the town of Prague, Lincoln County, now claims to be the birthplace of Thorpe, All his personal references were either Shawnee or Pott County. The Sac and Fox agency is in Stroud, Lincoln County, Thorpes parents were both of mixed-race ancestry. His father, Hiram Thorpe, had an Irish father and a Sac and his mother, Charlotte Vieux, had a French father and a Potawatomi mother, a descendant of Chief Louis Vieux
7.
Guy Chamberlin
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Berlin Guy Champ Chamberlin was a professional American football player and coach in the National Football League. He played at Nebraska Wesleyan University and then at the University of Nebraska and he graduated from Nebraska in 1916. Originally a halfback, in 1915 he moved to end and was named All-American end and he served in the United States Army from 1917 to 1919. He served as player-coach on four NFL title teams,1922 and 1923 Canton Bulldogs,1924 Cleveland Bulldogs, in 1925, Chamberlin became player-coach of the Frankford Yellow Jackets, who finished only sixth that year, with a record of 13–7. In 1926, the Yellow Jackets went 14–1–1 to win the NFL Championship and his career NFL coaching record was 58 wins,16 losses, and 7 ties. Chamberlin has the best win percentage of any coach in NFL history, Chamberlin returned to Blue Springs in 1932, where he became a farmer, state livestock inspector, and businessman. A well-known authority on football, he became a public speaker and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. Guy Chamberlin at the College Football Hall of Fame Guy Chamberlin at the Pro Football Hall of Fame Guy Chamberlin at Find a Grave
8.
Pete Henry
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Wilbur Francis Pete Henry was an American professional football player and coach in the National Football League. He later worked for more than 20 years as director and occasional football coach at Washington & Jefferson College. Henry attended Washington & Jefferson College, where he played for the Washington & Jefferson Presidents football team and he was recognized as a first-term All-American at tackle in 1917, and a consensus All-American in 1918 and 1919. In 1919, the national champion Pittsburgh Panthers argued that Henry was an ineligible college player. A gentlemans agreement among all college teams generally allowed players, like Henry, in fact, Pitt played several other teams with similarly situated players on several teams without complaint. The Panthers stand caused an outcry among the press and the Pitt alumni. In the end, Pitt won the game 7–6, in his later years, Henry was not one to keep souvenirs, but he did keep the program from that game. Henry signed with the Canton Bulldogs on September 17,1920, despite his size and abilities at blocking, Henry was also considered one of the greatest kickers of his era. Statistics for kicks were imprecise at best during that time, however one accurate statistic was that of a 45-yard drop kick field goal kicked by Henry on December 10,1922 and he set a professional football record with that kick that stood for twelve years. Many claimed that both Jim Thorpe and Paddy Driscoll had beaten that record, both supposedly drop-kicking field goals at 50 yards, Driscoll was alleged to have kicked two from 50 yards in one game on September 28,1924. However, these claims could not be supported by any verifiable records, Henry was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963. In 1931, Henry was hired as the director for Washington & Jefferson College. As the college and football team struggled during World War II, as AD, he wanted every student to participate in some form of athletics and required every student to know how to swim. He personally raised substantial funds for the Gambolier Fund to pay for scholarships and he continued to work, even after losing a leg to diabetes. Henry was inducted into the Dapper Dan Clubs Pittsburgh Sports Hall of Fame in 1967 and he is also enshrined in the Helms Sports Hall of Fame as well as the College Football Hall of Fame. Upon his death, Henry was eulogized in W&Js college newspaper, the Red & Black, as capturing the very spirit of Wash Jeff and, for many people was the College
9.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
10.
Pro Football Hall of Fame
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The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football. As of 2017, there are a total of 310 members of the Hall of Fame, groundbreaking for the building was held on August 11,1962. The original building contained just two rooms, and 19,000 square feet of interior space, in April 1970, ground was broken for the first of many expansions. This first expansion cost $620,000, and was completed in May 1971, the size was increased to 34,000 square feet by adding another room. The pro shop opened with this expansion and this was also an important milestone for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, as yearly attendance passed the 200,000 mark for the first time. In November 1977, work began on another project, costing US$1,200,000. It was completed in November 1978, enlarging the shop and research library. The total size of the hall was now 50,500 square feet, the building remained largely unchanged until July 1993. The Hall then announced yet another expansion, costing US$9,200,000 and this expansion was completed in October 1995. The buildings size was increased to 82,307 square feet, the most notable addition was the GameDay Stadium, which shows an NFL Films production on a 20-foot by 42-foot Cinemascope screen. Through 2017, all inductees except one, played part of their professional career in the NFL. For CFL stars, there is a parallel Canadian Football Hall of Fame, only one player, the Chicago Bears have the most Hall of Famers among the leagues franchises with 32 enshrinees. Enshrinees are selected by a 46-person committee, largely made up of media members, each city that has a current NFL team sends one representative from the local media to the committee. A city with more than one franchise sends a representative for each franchise, there are also 13 at-large delegates, and one representative from the Pro Football Writers Association. Except for the PFWA representative, who is appointed to a term, all other appointments are open-ended and terminated only by death, incapacitation, retirement. To be eligible for the process, a player or coach must have been retired for at least five years. Any other contributor such as an owner or executive can be voted in at any time. Fans may nominate any player, coach or contributor by simply writing to the Pro Football Hall of Fame via letter or email
11.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
12.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
13.
Continental Football League
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The Continental Football League was a professional American football league that operated in North America from 1965 through 1969. It owed its name, at least in part, to the Continental League, Bill Walsh, Ken Stabler, Sam Wyche and Otis Sistrunk were among a few players and coaches who would later gain fame in the NFL. The formation of the Continental Football League was announced on February 6,1965, the league was primarily formed by minor-league teams that had played in the United Football League and Atlantic Coast Football League. Happy Chandler, former Kentucky governor and retired Major League Baseball commissioner, was named CFL commissioner on March 17,1965, the league originally adopted a professional appearance. Teams were sorted into two divisions and each team had a 36-man roster with a taxi squad. The rules were primarily those of the NFL except that a sudden death overtime period was employed to break ties, to reinforce an image of league autonomy, teams were restricted from loaning players to, or receiving optioned players from, the NFL or AFL. The first CFL season opened with three games played on August 14,1965, before the season began, the Springfield, Massachusetts, franchise moved to Norfolk, Virginia. The Norfolk club went on to become the most successful team in the league at the box office, Chandler, charging that the league was altering the terms under which he had accepted the position, resigned on January 20,1966. He was replaced by CFL Secretary Sol Rosen, owner of the Newark Bears, the league engaged in some unsuccessful preseason negotiations with the Empire Sports Network to obtain a television broadcasting agreement. However, it was able to get ABC to broadcast the game on the Wide World of Sports. The Brooklyn Dodgers, although under the managership of baseball Dodgers player Jackie Robinson. Part of the problem was that they were playing nowhere near Brooklyn, evidently, the Dodgers had trouble securing home dates at Downing, a season-ticket application showed only five home games in a fourteen-game schedule. Charlestons Coy Bacon,1966 CFL All-Star end, went on to play for the NFLs Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers, Cincinnati Bengals, the league also established farm team relationships with semi-pro clubs. The division comprised established minor-league teams in British Columbia, California, but four small western franchises, in Eugene, Oregon, Long Beach and San Jose, California and Victoria, B. C. left the league after the season. The remnants of the Brooklyn Dodgers were sold to Frank Hurn, Hurn used Chicago Outfit funding to buy the team and swindled numerous businessmen into providing lavish benefits for his team for which he would never pay. Hurn would later amass a long record of criminal activity after his time in Akron. Such instability marked the season for the CFL, particularly because the league could not improve upon its overall semi-pro public image, inability to establish working relationships with NFL and AFL teams was a contributing factor. The San Jose Apaches in 1967 were coached by Bill Walsh, the Quad Cities franchise moved to Las Vegas midway through the 1968 season
14.
Canton McKinley High School
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Canton McKinley Senior High School is a public high school in Canton, Stark County, Ohio, and part of the Canton City School District. It is one of the oldest high schools in Ohio, and was one of Ohios largest. The original McKinley building on Market Avenue North was opened on March 27,1918, the students of Central High School and North High School were moved to the new building. The school was named for President William McKInley and his sister, Anna McKinley, when it opened, it was the only high school in Canton. By 1943, it was one of four schools, as enrollment in the city schools dictated Lehman High School, Lincoln High School. As the city of Cantons population declined, so did city school enrollment, in the spring of 1976, the Canton City Schools closed all four high schools in the city. Lehman and Lincoln reverted to high schools, and Timken Senior High School. McKinley Senior opened in a new building on the site of Fawcett Stadium, McKinley High Schools enrollment peaked in the 1935 –1936 school year with 4,000 students attending. Canton McKinley competes in the Federal League, one of the oldest athletic conferences in Ohio, McKinley is also second in Ohio in win total. Prior to the start of the current playoff format in Ohio high school football, since the playoff format began, McKinley has won three State Titles, in 1981,1997, and 1998. They have been State Runner-Up three times in 1977,1985, and 2004, mcKinley-Massillon is the 13th most played rivalry in the nation, with 126 meetings between the schools. The rivalry is tied for the nations 14th oldest, dating back to 1894 and was profiled in the November 14,1994 issue of Sports Illustrated. McKinley plays at Fawcett Stadium, which seats over 22,500 fans, famous former coaches include Don Nehlen and Ben Schwartzwalder, Eric Snow McKinley is #1 in Ohio in wins all-time. They have won three State Championships in 1983–84, 2004–05, and 2005–2006 and they have been State Runners-Up eight times, and hold Ohio records for most appearances in the Championship game, Final Four appearances, and Sweet Sixteen appearances. McKinley has had players move on to the NBA, including Nick Weatherspoon, Phil Hubbard, Gary Grant, Eric Snow, Michael Hawkins. On February 25,2015, Canton City Schools approved the merger of McKinley High School and Timken High School, giving Canton a single high school for the first time since 1937. Freshmen of the schools will attend the Freshmen Academy located at the current Timken High School. The remaining high school retain the McKinley name, mascot
15.
Stark County, Ohio
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Stark County is a county located in the U. S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 375,586, the county was created in 1808 and organized the next year. It is named for John Stark, an officer in the American Revolutionary War, Stark County is included in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area. Stark County was named in honor of American Revolutionary War General John Stark, John Stark was a general who served in the American Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He became widely known as the Hero of Bennington for his service at the Battle of Bennington in 1777. During the early 20th century, Stark County was an important location in the development of professional football. The rivalry between the Massillon Tigers and Canton Bulldogs helped bring the Ohio League to prominence in the mid-1900s, the Bulldogs ended up a charter member of the National Football League, where it played for several years. In the later 20th century, Stark Countys voting record swung from one party to another, even within the swing state of Ohio, Stark County is regarded as a quintessential bellwether, and thus presidential candidates have typically made multiple visits to the region. Major media outlets typically pay close attention to the results in the county. The New York Times in particular has covered the countys citizens, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 581 square miles, of which 575 square miles is land and 5.3 square miles is water. First Ladies National Historic Site As of the census of 2000, there were 378,098 people,148,316 households, the population density was 656 people per square mile. There were 157,024 housing units at a density of 272 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 90. 28% White,7. 20% Black or African American,0. 24% Native American,0. 54% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 29% from other races, and 1. 43% from two or more races. 0. 92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was out with 24. 80% under the age of 18,8. 30% from 18 to 24,27. 80% from 25 to 44,24. 00% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 92.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $39,824, and the median income for a family was $47,747
16.
Massillon Tigers
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The Massillon Tigers were an early professional football team from Massillon, Ohio. Playing in the Ohio League, the team was a rival to the pre-National Football League version of the Canton Bulldogs, the Tigers won Ohio League championships in 1903,1904,1905, and 1906, then merged to become All-Massillons to win another title in 1907. The team returned as the Tigers in 1915 but, with the reemergence of the Bulldogs, pro football was popularized in Ohio when the amateur Massillon Tigers, hired four Pittsburgh pros to play in the season-ending game against Akron. At the same time, pro football declined in the Pittsburgh area, the team opted not to join the APFA in 1920, it remained an independent club through 1923, when the Tigers folded. During their time as an independent, the Tigers never played against any team in the NFL, the Massillon Tigers team name was transferred to Massillon Washington High School, who still uses it today. The Massillon area had fielded several amateur football teams featuring only local players since the early 1890s, however while some had performed well, the others were more likely to be defeated when they played their cross-county arch-rival, Canton. Therefore, a group of 35 area businessmen met on September 3,1903, Jack Goodrich, who expected to play halfback for the new team, was named manager. Meanwhile, Ed J. Stewart, a young and ambitious editor of the city newspaper The Evening Independent, was named as the teams first coach, Stewart had playing experience while attending Western Reserve College and Mount Union College. Apart from being the coach, he later appointed himself as the teams quarterback. Wise, who was the Massillon Clerk of City Council, led a committee to secure the funds for a new football. The local venders only had a sufficient quantity of one style to outfit an entire team. Those jerseys imitated the orange and black striped attire of the Princeton Tigers, when the Tigers began play in 1903, several of the expected starters hadnt touched a football in eight or more years. According to locals belief, Baldy Wittman, 32-year-old proprietor of a cigar store. Charles Cy Rigler, who became a famous major league baseball umpire started at tackle. Wittman opened at an end and was elected the team captain, meanwhile, Stewart lined himself up at quarterback. The Tigers first game against Wooster College ended in a 6-0 defeat, a biased official was the excuse for the loss. The Tigers followed their first ever game with a 16-0 victory over Stewarts alma mater, Mount Union College, a 6-0 victory over the Akron Imperials, after a 34-0 victory over the Dennison Panhandles, the Tigers prepared for their cross-county rivals, a sandlot team from Canton. Betting on the games, during the early 1900s was common and it is believed that over $1000 was risked on the games outcome
17.
Baseball
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Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding. A run is scored when a player advances around the bases, Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates turns batting. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the team records three outs. One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the team, constitutes an inning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century and this game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, in the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball teams are divided into the National League and American League, each with three divisions, East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series, the top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision, a French manuscript from 1344 contains an illustration of clerics playing a game, possibly la soule, with similarities to baseball. Other old French games such as thèque, la balle au bâton, consensus once held that todays baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular in Great Britain and Ireland. Baseball Before We Knew It, A Search for the Roots of the Game, by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England, recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of other. It has long believed that cricket also descended from such games. The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, David Block discovered that the first recorded game of Bass-Ball took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. William Bray, an English lawyer, recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford and this early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants
18.
Latrobe, Pennsylvania
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Latrobe /leɪˈtroʊb/ is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in the United States and part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The city population was 8,338 as of the 2010 census and it is located near Pennsylvanias scenic Chestnut Ridge. Latrobe was incorporated as a borough in 1854, and as a city in 1999, the current Mayor is Rosemarie M. Wolford. Among its claims to fame, Latrobe is the home of Saint Vincent Archabbey and it was the childhood home of Fred Rogers, childrens television personality who was buried there in Unity Cemetery after his death in 2003. While it was believed for years that the first professional American football game was played in Latrobe, Latrobe is home of the first banana split, invented in Latrobe by David Strickler in 1904. Latrobe is also home to the camp of the six time Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In May 2006, Anheuser-Busch purchased the Rolling Rock brands, in June 2006, City Brewing Company from La Crosse, Wisconsin entered into negotiations to buy the brewery. In September 2006, City Brewing Company agreed to purchase the brewery, sam Adams production did not last long. The plant is currently brewing Iron City Beer under contract, in addition, Duquesne Bottling Company has brewed the revived Duquesne Beer, The Prince of Pilseners, at the Latrobe plant. In 1852, Oliver Barnes laid out the plans for the community that was incorporated in 1854 as the Borough of Latrobe, Barnes named the town for his best friend and college classmate, Benjamin Latrobe, who was a civil engineer for the B&O Railroad. Its location along the route of the Pennsylvania Railroad helped Latrobe develop into a significant industrial hub, Latrobe was also served by the Ligonier Valley Railroad from 1877 to 1952. In 1904, the split was invented in Latrobe by David Evans Strickler at Stricklers Drug Store. Two interurban lines served Latrobe, The Westmoreland County Railway Company connected Latrobe to Derry, also, Latrobe Street Railway Company began operations in 1900, connecting Latrobe to Kingston. That line was purchased by West Penn Railways, which linked it with its network running through Youngstown, Pleasant Unity. Latrobe has two sites on the National Register of Historic Places within its city boundaries, Pennsylvania Railroad Station at Latrobe, citizens National Bank of Latrobe, At six stories, this is the city’s tallest building, previously known as the Mellon Bank Building. This 1926 structure was designed by the Greensburg firm of Batholomew & Smith, from 1895 until 1909, Latrobe was the home of the Latrobe Athletic Association, one of the earliest professional football teams. The teams quarterback, John Brallier, became the first football player to playing for money. In 1895 he accepted $10 and expenses to play for Latrobe in a 12-0 victory over the Jeannette Athletic Club, Brallier was thought to be the very first professional football player, until the 1960s
19.
Latrobe Athletic Association
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The Latrobe Athletic Association was a professional football team located in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, from 1895 until 1909. In 1895, teams quarterback, John Brallier, also became the first football player to turn professional, by accepting $10. In 1895 the local Latrobe YMCA organized a football team. With the decision, Russell Aukerman, an instructor at the club, meanwhile, David Berry, an editor-publisher of a local newspaper, the Latrobe Clipper, was chosen as the teams manager. Harry Ryan, a tackle from West Virginia University, was then elected as the teams captain. The team was formed and began to conduct daily practices in early August, since many of the players held jobs unrelated to football, those men working different shifts were accommodated with evening practices, when they could not attend regular sessions in the afternoon. The teams practices were held on a vacant Pennsylvania Railroad lot at the corner of Depot and Alexandria Streets, just before the start of the season, Latrobes quarterback, Eddie Blair, found himself in a scheduling conflict. Blair, who played baseball in nearby Greensburg, discovered that the teams first football game against the Jeannette Athletic Club conflicted with a prior baseball commitment. Berry was now given the task for replacing Blair, for the game and he heard of a quarterback at Indiana Normal named John Brallier and contacted him at his home in Indiana, Pennsylvania. Berry offered Brallier expenses to play for Latrobe, however Brallier was reluctant to play since he would be playing for Washington & Jefferson College within just a few weeks. This led Berry to offer Brallier $10 to play for Latrobe against Jeannette, plus expenses, Brallier, accepted the offer and became the first player to openly admit to being paid to play football player. The quarterback arrived in Latrobe the night before the game and practiced with the team, william Pudge Heffelfinger of the Allegheny Athletic Association is now considered the first professional player. The first game of Latrobes 1895 season was played on a Tuesday afternoon on September 3,1895, before the game, a parade formed on newly paved Ligonier Street. The parade was led by Billy Showalter’s Cornet Band, followed by both the Latrobe and Jeannette teams in full uniforms, the Latrobe team colors of Orange and Maroon were displayed in store windows and hotels, and on street corner poles. Stores were closed, and steel mines, coal and coke works declared a half-holiday for the occasion, the game began at 4,00 pm with Latrobe coming out as the victor over Jeannette. Latrobes coach, Russell Auckerman, scored two touchdowns, while Brallier kicked two points for a final score of 12–0. After the initial game, Brallier played a game with Latrobe. The game was held on September 14, against a squad from Altoona, Pennsylvania, while at Washington & Jefferson, Braillier became the colleges varsity quarterback
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Quarterback
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A quarterback is a position in American and Canadian football. Quarterbacks are members of the team and line up directly behind the offensive line. In modern American football, the quarterback is considered the leader of the offensive team. In modern American football, the quarterback is usually the leader of the offense, the quarterback touches the ball on almost every offensive play, and his successes and failures can have a significant impact on the fortunes of his team. Accordingly, the quarterback is among the most glorified and scrutinized positions in team sports, prior to each play, the quarterback will usually tell the rest of his team which play the team will run. After the team is lined up, the center will pass the ball back to the quarterback, usually on a running play, the quarterback will then hand or pitch the ball backwards to a half back or full back. On a passing play, the quarterback is almost always the responsible for trying to throw the ball downfield to an eligible receiver downfield. Depending on the scheme by his team, the quarterbacks role can vary. While quarterbacks in Canadian football need to be able to throw the ball often, in the NFL, quarterbacks are required to wear a uniform number between 1 and 19. In the CFL, the quarterback can wear any number from 0 to 49 and 70 to 99. Because of their numbering, quarterbacks are eligible receivers in the NCAA, NFHS, after a Super Bowl victory, the starting quarterback is the first player to be presented with the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The starting quarterback of the victorious Super Bowl team is chosen for the Im going to Disney World. Campaign, whether they are the Super Bowl MVP or not, examples include Joe Montana, Trent Dilfer, Dilfer was chosen even though teammate Ray Lewis was the MVP of Super Bowl XXXV, due to the bad publicity from Lewis murder trial the prior year. In addition to their role, quarterbacks are occasionally used in other roles. Most teams utilize a backup quarterback as their holder on placekicks, in the Wildcat, a formation where a halfback lines up behind the center and the quarterback lines up out wide, the quarterback can be used as a receiving target or a blocker. A more rare use for a quarterback is to punt the ball himself, Denver Broncos quarterback John Elway was known to perform quick kicks occasionally, typically when the Broncos were facing a third-and-long situation. As Roger Staubachs back-up, Dallas Cowboys quarterback Danny White was also the teams punter, ascending the starting role upon Staubachs retirement, White held his position as the teams punter for several seasons—a double duty he performed to All-American standard at Arizona State University. White also had two touchdown receptions as a Dallas Cowboy, both from the halfback option, if quarterbacks are uncomfortable with the formation the defense is using, they may call an audible change to their play
21.
John Brallier
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John Kinport Sal Brallier was one of the first professional American football players. Brallier was born in Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania, near Indiana and he was the son of Dr. Emanuel Brallier, a physician, and his wife, Lucy M. Kinport Brallier. His grandparents were from Alsace-Lorraine, accounting for the French-sounding name, as a boy, Brallier remembered having worked in a glass factory. His first recollection of football was in 1890, at the age of 13, by his sophomore year in 1892, he was the captain and right halfback. In 1893, while attending high school, also played quarterback for the Indiana Normal football club in 1893 and 1894. The team won three of four games played that year, among Bralliers teammates was left guard Alex Stewart, future father of movie star James Stewart. During the fourth game of the 1894 season, Normal lost, 28–0, however, Bralliers outstanding play led the Presidents coach E. Gard Edwards to write from Pittsburgh asking Brallier to play football for his team. Further correspondence followed through the winter between Brallier and Washington & Jefferson Presidents manager H. Wilson Boyd, the result was that Brallier agreed to go to Washington & Jefferson if all expenses are paid for the entire year. In 1895 the town of Latrobe established a football team. However, just before the start of the season, Latrobe quarterback Eddie Blair found himself in a scheduling conflict, Blair, who also played baseball in nearby Greensburg discovered that the teams first football game against the Jeannette Athletic Club conflicted with a prior baseball commitment. Manager David Berry, who was now seeking a replacement for Blair, had heard of Bralliers performance as Indiana Normals quarterback and he contacted the 17-year-old at his home in Indiana and offered him expenses to play for Latrobe. However, Brallier was not particularly anxious to play, anticipating his entrance into Washington & Jefferson College in a few weeks, the young quarterback was afraid that an injury would jeopardize his scholarship, so the Latrobe offered to pay him to make it worthwhile. Finally, Berry offered $10 a game plus expenses, while promising several other games and this offer made Brallier the first openly paid football player. The quarterback arrived in Latrobe the night before the game and practiced with the team under a street light, Latrobe would go on to win the game. Brallier kicked two goals for a final score of 12–0. William Pudge Heffelfinger of the Allegheny Athletic Association is now considered the first professional player, Brallier remained with Latrobe for a second game against an Altoona squad before leaving for college. Brallier promptly won the varsity quarterback position at Washington & Jefferson, Washington & Jefferson won the game 32–0. The 1895 Washington & Jefferson team won six games, tied Penn State University, and lost only to the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, which was composed of former college stars
22.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
23.
Penn Quakers
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The Penn Quakers are the athletic teams of the University of Pennsylvania. The school sponsors 27 varsity sports, the school has won three NCAA national championships in mens fencing and one in womens fencing. The football team has competed since 1876 and it has won eighteen national championships when the school competed in what is now known as the FBS. Since the formation of the Ivy League in 1956, Penn has won 17 Ivy League Football Championships, Penn has been outright Ivy Football Champion 13 times and been undefeated 8 times. Eighteen former players have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, in addition to the varsity squad, the Penn Quakers are a charter member of the Collegiate Sprint Football League, having played the sport since 1934. From 1911 to 1958, Penn won ten national championships, the Penn mens swimming team was founded in 1894. They have won the Ivy League championships five times, in 1940, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1969–70, penns swim team practices and competes at Sheerr Pool in the Pottruck fitness facility. Penn Quaker Wrestling dates back to 1905, where the first intercollegiate wrestling championship was held in Weightman Hall Gym located on University of Penn campus, princeton, Yale and Columbia joined Penn in founding the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association, which the team currently competes in. Coached by Illinois all time win record holder Alex Tirapelle with a 128 career wins with the University, the Penn Quaker Wrestling team currently competes in the historic Palestra Arena. 2016 Ivy League Champions As of July 2,2016, Penn has 4 NCAA team national championships
24.
Jack Hayden (baseball)
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John Francis Hayden was a reserve outfielder in Major League Baseball who played between the 1901 and 1908 seasons for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Americans and Chicago Cubs. A native of Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, he attended college at Villanova University, in a three-season career, Hayden was a.251 hitter with one home run and 33 RBI in 147 games, including 60 runs,14 doubles, eight triples, and 11 stolen bases. He made 146 outfield appearances at right field, left and center and he later became the manager for the Louisville Colonels. After they were separated, Hayden returned to the bench and Ferriss ran after him, both were ejected from the game, but Ferris refused to go. Two policemen escorted him to the clubhouse and later was arrested for assault, after that, Ferris was suspended for the remainder of the season. This was the first time in league history that teammates had been ejected for fighting each other. Outside of baseball, Hayden also played American football professionally and at the level as a quarterback. Over the span of his career, Hayden played for Villanova and his football career continued in 1903 with the Franklin Athletic Club. In 1905, he was in the line-up for the Massillon Tigers of the Ohio League, a year later he jumped to the rivial Canton Bulldogs after being offered more money to play there by former Franklin teammate, Blondy Wallace. In 1906, he took part in the two games between Canton and Massillon that were centered on the Canton Bulldogs–Massillon Tigers betting scandal. However, in the second game against Massillon, six punts sailed over his head while playing the safety position. Hayden died in Havertown, Pennsylvania, at age 61, Baseball Reference The Baseball Library Retrosheet Smith, William R. Franklins World Champion Football team. Blondy Wallace and the Biggest Football Scandal Ever
25.
Peggy Parratt
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George Watson Peggy Parratt was a professional football player who played in the Ohio League prior to it becoming a part of the National Football League. Parratt threw the first legal pass in professional football history while playing for the Massillon Tigers on October 25,1906. Parratt played college football at Case School of Applied Science, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during his time at Case, he became a 3-time All-Ohio college star. However, in 1905, he risked his amateur standing by playing ball on Sundays for the Shelby Blues. To hide his identity from the media and school officials, Parratt played under the name Jimmy Murphy, however just weeks after his first game for Shelby, the Cleveland newspapers revealed that Murphy was really Peggy Parratt, in disguise. Soon afterwards Parratt was called in for questioning by the chairman of the Case University Athletic Board, during the interview, Parratt openly admitted to breaking the amateur code. He was then barred from all further intercollegiate play at Case, at this time, Parratt was also a star basketball and baseball player for Case and was removed from those teams as well. By admitting openly to playing for Shelby, Parratt thus became the first college football star to be disciplined by his school for moonlighting as a football player. Several other college players had played professional football, but they always denied the charges when questioned. However Case still awarded Peggy his varsity letter, citing his leadership on. He also made All-Ohio Honors for 1905 and was allowed to coach the baseball team. After graduating from Case in 1906, Parratt was offered the head coaching job at Marietta College. In 1909, however, Peggy was an assistant football coach at Case, after losing his amateur status, Parratt played football for the Lorain Pros for the remainder of the 1905 season. In 1906, Peggy was signed by the Massillon Tigers, in part because of his mastery of the forward pass and he immediately earned the role of starting quarterback. Peterson in his book Pigskin The Early Years of Pro Football, during the second game of the 1906 Ohio League championship, which would later result in a betting scandal on November 24,1906, Wood reportedly caught a couple of the new forward passes. March somehow stated that those catches in a game, at the end of the season, were very first catches in professional football. It was later discovered that Parratt threw an earlier recorded pass to Bullet Riley on October 25, a second recorded pass was thrown to Clark Schrontz two days later. During the Tigers season-ending series with the Canton Bulldogs, to determine the Ohio League champions, however rumors of a betting fix tainted the championship and turned the public off to pro football in Ohio for the next several years
26.
Shelby Blues
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The Shelby Blues were an American football team based in Shelby, Ohio. The team played in the Ohio League from 1900 to 1919, in 1920, when the Ohio League became the APFA, the Blues did not join but continued to play against APFA teams, only to later suspend operations. The Blues returned to play as an independent between 1926 and 1928, the team was named for their blue uniforms, that were worn in their first year. In 1905, the Blues replaced the Shelby Athletic Club as the top team in town. A year later the team was the runner-up for the Ohio League title, the Blues won Ohio League championships in 1910 and 1911, with Peggy Parratt, an early pioneer and master of the forward pass, at quarterback. In 1904, the Blues are credited with signing the first black players in American professional football, halfback Charles Follis
27.
Akron Pros
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The Akron Pros were a professional football team that played in Akron, Ohio from 1908 to 1926. Fritz Pollard, the first black coach in the NFL. Paul Robeson played for the team in 1921 as well and he was among the earliest stars of professional football, before football became segregated from 1934 to 1946. In 1926, the name was changed back to the Akron Indians, due to financial problems, the team suspended operations in 1927 and surrendered its franchise the following year. Prior to 1908, several semi-pro and amateur teams dominated the Akron football scene, the most dominant of these was a team known as the Akron East Ends. The East Ends dominance of Ohio football went unmatched until the Massillon Tigers paid several ringers from the recently disbanded Pittsburgh Stars to defeat the East Ends in 1903, the Akron Indians date as far back as 1908. The early Indians teams went on to win Ohio League championships in 1908,1909,1913 and 1914, the team was always referred to as the Indians by the fans. From 1908–1913, the Indians had a reputation of playing more of a style of football seen at the level than that of the early athletic clubs. For example, the Indians preferred passing the ball as opposed to running. The team tied for the Akron city title in 190 Before the 1912 season, Peggy Parratt, a football star with the Massillon Tigers, Franklin Athletic Club. He made the move realizing that he could make more money in the large football market that Akron provided. When he arrived in Akron, his first move was to change the name from the Akron Indians to Parratts Indians. With Peggy as player, coach, and owner-manager, the Indians split their series with Shelby and twice defeated Canton, however they were defeated by the unheard of Elyria Athletics, who then took the Ohio championship. The Athletics were mostly former Blues players who formed a team in Elyria after Parratt left for Akron, the following season, Parratt brought most of Elyrias 1912 championship team to Akron, and adding them to his roster. The Indians then beat Shelby and Elyria and they also managed to tie the rapidly improving Canton Pros. However, the game was cancelled due to snowstorm, a week later when the Blues returned to Akron, the Indians were prepared with newly recruited talent that was viewed as even superior to that of Shelbys. The Indians won the game 20–0 and brought the Ohio title back to Akron, for his 1914 recruiting efforts, Parratt signed the usual big-name players, which consisted of a lineup that changed from week to week, with just enough stars on hand to guarantee a win. By late season, the left side of his Akron Indian line was from Notre Dame
