The capture of Rome occurred on 20 September 1870, as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States. After a plebiscite held on 2 October 1870, Rome was officially ma
Barricades at Porta San Giovanni, photographed on 21 September 1870, after the breach of the Aurelian Walls
Pope Pius IX blesses his troops for the last time, at St. Peter's Square, 25 April 1870
Porta Pia on 21 September 1870, following the breach of the Aurelian Walls
The breach in the Aurelian Walls (right), near Porta Pia (left), opened by Italian artillery fire during the Capture of Rome, in a contemporary photograph
Hermann Kanzler was a German general who commanded the Army of the Papal States and was the arms minister during the reign of Pope Pius IX. He led Papal forces during the Battle of Mentana against Ita
General Hermann Kanzler