Cardinal Mazarin
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Jules Mazarin, from 1641 known as Cardinal Mazarin, was an Italian Catholic prelate, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642
Portrait by Pierre Mignard, 1658
Mazarin carrying the peace agreement to the armies at Casale, crying "Peace! Peace!" (18th century engraving)
Mazarin as a papal envoy in Paris (1632)
Portrait of Cardinal Jules Mazarin by Simon Vouet (before 1649, private collection)
The Fronde
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The Fronde was a civil war fought in France between 1648 and 1653. The term comes from the French noun for slingshot, and was originally a derogatory term for the rebels.
Cardinal Mazarin
…make France the main European power and establish the Peace of Westphalia (1646–1648). A major uprising against Anne of Austria and Mazarin, called the Fronde and led by the nobles of the Parlement of Paris, broke out in Paris in 1648, followed by a second Fronde, led by Louis, Grand Condé, who had turned…
Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine, 1652, outside the Bastille in Paris
Cardinal Mazarin
"Louis XIV Crushes the Fronde" by Gilles Guérin 1654
The Battle of the Dunes by Charles-Philippe Larivière, 1837. The battle was a decisive victory for France and its English allies over the Spanish in 1658.