Carnival Cruise Line
Carnival Cruise Line is an international cruise line with headquarters in Doral, Florida. Its logo is the funnel like the funnels found on their ships, with red and blue colors; the funnels are shaped like a whale's tail. Carnival is the largest cruise line in the world, based on passengers carried annually, annual revenue, total number of ships in fleet. Carnival is one of ten cruise line brands owned by the world's largest cruise ship operator, the American-British Carnival Corporation & plc. In 2018 Carnival Cruise Line was estimated to hold an 8.9% share of cruise industry revenue and 22.0% of passengers. It is the largest fleet in the Carnival group; the ships fly flags of convenience. Its headquarters are in Miami, the United States; the North American division of Carnival Corporation has executive control over the corporation and is headquartered in Doral, Florida. Carnival Cruise Line was founded in 1972 by Ted Arison. To finance the venture, Arison turned to his friend Meshulam Riklis, who owned Boston-based American International Travel Service.
Arison and Riklis set up the new company as a subsidiary of AITS. AITS was to promote the new venture. In 1974, due to regulatory issues, Riklis sold AITS's interest in the company to Arison for $1, but subject to Arison taking over the substantial company debts; the split enabled Arison to enter into new relationships with independent travel agents. He promoted his cruises to fun-loving younger people; the format was successful financially. Until 1975, the line consisted of the Mardi Gras. In 1975 another ship was acquired, the Carnivale. In 1996, Carnival Destiny of 101,000 GT became the largest passenger ship in the world at the time and first to exceed 100,000 tons. In 2001, Robert H. Dickinson President and CTC, participated in a BBC documentary, Back To The Floor. Dickinson went to work at the lowest crew levels on the MS Imagination in the Caribbean, where he shadowed a Romanian cleaner, Alina. In 2004, Carnival Corporation ordered for a development program for Carnival's new ships, the Pinnacle Project, calling for a 200,000 GT prototype, which would have been the world's largest cruise ship at the time.
The ship was cancelled and after that they came up with a project called Next Generation. In 2009, Carnival released their biggest ship at the time, the Carnival Dream, a new 128,000 GT ship. Carnival Dream entered service on 21 September 2009. After several voyages in the Mediterranean, she was set to offer weekly Caribbean cruises from Port Canaveral from 5 December 2009. A sister ship, Carnival Magic, debuted on 1 May 2011. On 1 December 2009 it was announced, it entered service in June 2012 and its homeport is now Galveston. On May 10, 2010, Carnival selected a name for their new Dream-class vessel in 2012 - Carnival Breeze. On 26 October 2012, it was announced that Carnival had ordered a brand new 133,500 GT ship for their Carnival Cruise Line brand; this ship, built by Fincantieri, was the largest ship they have built. It sailed its maiden voyage on May 1, 2016; the new ship was named Carnival Vista. In January 2017, Michael Thamm was appointed CEO of Carnival Asia to oversee operations in China and the surrounding region.
A sister to Carnival Vista, Carnival Horizon, joined the fleet with their inaugural voyages from Trieste and Barcelona, Spain on May 1, 2016 and April 2, 2018, respectively. Queen Latifah is the Godmother of Horizon for its christening in New York on May 23, 2018. Carnival Panorama is set to join the fleet in December 2019. In February 2018, the company's officials unveiled a major port development project in Ensenada, Mexico. In 2016, Carnival extended their contract with Port Everglades cruise port to 2030; the port began a $54 million renovation in anticipation of the deal. The agreement brings over $200 million in personal income. In 2018, Carnival brought the Carnival Fantasy to Alabama. Economists anticipate an increase in tourism to revenue at an estimated $35 million; the company has been paying wages under $1.50 per hour to employees with low-to-nonexistent benefits, such as holidays or minimal vacations. Monthly salaries of the high-paid workers are around $1,300. Employees report strenuous working conditions such as 14-hour shifts with no days off.
Retirement benefits were revoked in October 2013. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, three of the Carnival cruise ships were chartered by the United States government for six months to serve as temporary housing until the houses can be rebuilt. After being chartered for six months, their planned voyages were cancelled, passengers were refunded. Holiday was docked in Mobile and Pascagoula, Ecstasy and Sensation were docked at New Orleans, Louisiana; the six-month contract cost $236 million. The contract was criticized, because the vessels were never utilized, Carnival received more money than it would have earned by using the ships in their normal rotation. Since 2017, Carnival Cruise Line has been on probation, after having been found to "illegally dumping oil into the ocean from its Princess Cruises ships and lying about the scheme." Carnival Cruise Line had to pay a $40 million fine. By 2019, the US prosecutors found that "ships have dumped gray water into Alaska’s Glacier Bay National Park, prepared ships in advance of court-ordered audits to avoid unfavorable findings, falsified records and dumped plastic garbage into the ocean."
Carnival Cruise has acknowledged these incidents. As a result, a US federal Judge "threatens to stop Carnival ships from docking in US." See al
IMO number
The International Maritime Organization number is a unique reference for ships, registered ship owners and management companies. IMO numbers were introduced to reduce maritime fraud, they consist of the three letters "IMO" followed by unique seven-digit numbers, assigned under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. In 1987 the IMO adopted resolution A.600, aimed at the "enhancement of maritime safety and pollution prevention and the prevention of maritime fraud" by assigning to each ship a permanent identification number. The IMO number remains linked to the hull for its lifetime, regardless of changes of names, flags, or owners; the IMO adopted the existing unique 7-digit numbers applied to ships by Lloyd's Register since 1969, which were modified from 6-digit numbers introduced in 1963. SOLAS regulation XI/3, adopted in 1994 and came into force on 1 January 1996, made IMO numbers mandatory, it was applied to cargo vessels that are at least 300 gross tons and passenger vessels of at least 100 gt.
In the SOLAS Convention, "cargo ships" means "ships which are not passenger ships". The IMO scheme does not however apply to: Vessels engaged in fishing Ships without mechanical means of propulsion Pleasure yachts Ships engaged on special service Hopper barges Hydrofoils, air cushion vehicles Floating docks and structures classified in a similar manner Ships of war and troopships Wooden ships In December 2002, the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Security adopted a number of measures aimed at enhancing security of ships and port facilities; this included a modification to SOLAS Regulation XI-1/3 to require ships' identification numbers to be permanently marked in a visible place either on the ship's hull or superstructure as well as internally and on the ship's certificates. Passenger ships should carry the marking on a horizontal surface visible from the air. In May 2005, IMO adopted a new SOLAS regulation XI-1/3-1 on the mandatory company and registered owner identification number scheme, with entry into force on 1 January 2009.
The regulation provides that every ship owner and management company shall have a unique identification number. Other amendments require these numbers to be added to the relevant certificates and documents in the International Safety Management Code and the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code. Like the IMO ship identification number, the company identification number is a seven-digit number with the prefix IMO. For example, for the ship Atlantic Star, IMO 5304986 referred to the former ship manager Pullmantur Cruises Ship Management Ltd and IMO 5364264 to her former owner, Pullmantur Cruises Empress Ltd. IMO identification numbers for ships and registered owners are assigned by IHS Markit. For new vessels, the IMO number is assigned to a hull during construction upon keel laying. Many vessels which fall outside the mandatory requirements of SOLAS have numbers allocated by Lloyd's Register or IHS Markit in the same numerical series, including fishing vessels and commercial yachts.
An IMO number is made of the three letters "IMO" followed by a seven-digit number. This consists of a six-digit sequential unique number followed by a check digit; the integrity of an IMO number can be verified using its check digit. This is done by multiplying each of the first six digits by a factor of 2 to 7 corresponding to their position from right to left; the rightmost digit of this sum is the check digit. For example, for IMO 9074729: + + + + + = 139. Maritime Mobile Service Identity, used globally as a national alternate to the IMO number ENI number, a comparable system for European barges and other inland waterway vessels IMO Number Requests by IHS Maritime
Diciotti-class offshore patrol vessel
The Diciotti class is an Italian-designed offshore patrol vessel, presently in use with the Italian Coast Guard, Iraqi Navy, Armed Forces of Malta and Panama SENAN. These ships are designed and built by Fincantieri on the bay of La Spezia to Muggiano and Riva Trigoso shipyards. Based on the earlier experimental Saettia class, the Diciotti class is an advanced and improved version with a longer length, more power and hence greater patrol endurance. In 2003, the Armed Forces of Malta ordered a replacement for the former East German Kondor class patrol boats P29, P30 and P31, due to the increase in flow of refugees from North Africa to Europe; the design for P61 provides a clear rear half to the ship, providing sufficient space with reinforcement to land a helicopter, up to the size of an AW139. P61 has the capability of carrying out patrols up to Sea State 5, withstand sea conditions up to Sea State 7, it can launch a rib patrol boat via a rear launch ramp up to Sea State 4. This combination of modifications increases vessel weight to 450-tonnes, reduces standard crew capacity to 25.
Maximum unrefueled patrol length at 20 knots is 3,000 nautical miles. The €17m Euros contract, financed from the 5th Italo-Maltese Financial Protocol, covered the construction of the vessel together with an associated training and logistic support package; the ship was commissioned on October 1, 2005 and operational from November 5, 2005. P61 acts as the flagship of the Armed Forces of Malta; the vessel has been updated in 2017 with overhaul and engine refit, by Fincantieri, to a cost around €7 million. In 2006, the new Iraqi Navy signed a contract with the Italian Government to purchase four modified Diciotti class vessels to patrol its 58 kilometre coast line; the vessels are to be built by Fincantieri at Riva Trigoso, with modifications including increased crew capacity of 38. The contract comprises the provision of logistical support and crew training with each crew completing a 7-week training course. In cooperation with the Marina Militare, each commissioning crew is provided with a week’s bridge simulator course at the Naval Academy in Livorno.
In May 2009, the first vessel, Patrol Ship 701 named Fatah, was handed over at the Muggiano, La Spezia shipyard. The crew had been training since January 2009, now headed for Umm Qasr, a 20 day/5,000 nautical mile journey via the Mediterranean, Suez Canal and Red Sea. There, additional training was completed, before the vessel took over duties from the British Royal Marine patrols, who reverted to training the new crew; the vessels are used to patrol the exclusive economic zone, control maritime traffic, for search and rescue and fire fighting. Following an agreement reached in June 2010, Italy delivered CP 902 Ubaldo Diciotti and CP 903 Luigi Dattilo to SENAN - National Air and Navy Service of Panama as P 901 and P 902 in April 2014. Falaj 2-class patrol vessel - a more armed patrol vessel based on the Diciotti
Italian aircraft carrier Cavour
Cavour is an Italian aircraft carrier launched in 2004. It is the flagship of the Italian Navy; the ship is designed to combine fixed wing V/STOL and helicopter air operations and control operations and the transport of military or civil personnel and heavy vehicles. The 134 m, 2,800 m2 hangar space can double as a vehicle hold capable of holding up to 24 main battle tanks or many more lighter vehicles, is fitted aft with access ramps rated to 70 tons, as well as two elevators rated up to 30 tons for aircraft. Cavour can operate as landing platform helicopter, accommodating heavy transport helicopters and 325 marines; the Cavour has a displacement of 27,900 tons but can reach more than 30,000 tons at full military capacity. It complements the Giuseppe Garibaldi; the Italian Navy will replace its 16 Harriers with 15 Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning IIs. The F-35B schedule is uncertain, but it is planned to modify Cavour to support the F-35B by 2016. Cavour will have room for ten F-35Bs in the hangar, six more parked on deck.
Cavour was laid down by Fincantieri in June 2001, was launched from the Riva Trigoso shipyard in Sestri Levante, on 20 July 2004. Sea trials began in December 2006, she was commissioned 27 March 2008. Full operational capability was reached 10 June 2009. On 19 January 2010, Cavour was dispatched to Haiti as part of Operation White Crane, Italy's operation for 2010 Haiti earthquake relief; this was the first mission of the aircraft carrier, where it supplemented international efforts to provide relief for the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. List of naval ship classes in service Italian aircraft carrier Trieste Italian Navy Aviation Cosentino, Michael. "Cavour: A Multi-Role Aircraft Carrier for the Italian Navy". In Jordan, John. Warship 2014. London: Conway. Pp. 93–111. ISBN 978-1-84486-236-8. Cavour on the Marina Militare website History, technical details and a collection of photo of Cavour
Cassiopea-class patrol vessel
The Cassiopea class is a heavy series of four patrol boats of the Italian Navy. They were built in the late 1980s on civilian standards, they are designed for patrol in safe areas. In the early 1980s the Italian navy developed two classes of corvettes to replace older vessels; the Minerva class were combatant ships to serve as coastal escorts, equipped with modern sensors and armament, while the Cassiopea class were simpler offshore patrol vessels intended to replace the old Albatros-class corvettes used for fisheries patrol. Construction of four ships was authorized in December 1982, with funding from the Ministry of Merchant Marine. Orders were placed in December 1986, with construction starting the next year at Fincantieri shipyard, Muggiano; the ships were built to mercantile standards, the first ship entered service in 1989. A further two ships were cancelled in 1991, prior to the start of construction; the ships' main gun armament is a single 76mm/L62 Allargato gun. Each ship is fitted with a flight deck and fixed hangar to accommodate a helicopter type Agusta-Bell AB-212 ASW of the Italian navy.
Each carries equipment for dealing with pollution. Between 2012 and 2014 all units were fitted with Selex ES Janus-N IR optronic system; as of 2014 the ships, starting with Libra were fitted with new dual-band navigation Gemini-DB radar systems from GEM Elettronica. Source: Baker, A. D; the Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1998–1999. Annapolis, Maryland, USA. ISBN 1-55750-111-4. Gardiner and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. Grove, Eric J. NATO Major Warships - Europe. Tri-Service Pocketbook. London: Tri-Service Press, 1990. ISBN 1-85400-006-3
Vista-class cruise ship (Carnival)
The Vista class is a class of cruise ships built by Fincantieri in Italy. The ships are operated by the Carnival Cruise Lines, Costa Crociere, CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping divisions of Carnival Corporation & plc; the Carnival Vista was constructed in the Fincantieri shipyard of Monfalcone and was delivered in April 2016. The first steel for the ship was cut in late February 2014, the keel was laid in October 2014; the Carnival Vista Coin Ceremony/Float out was done in June 2015, with the ship being delivered on April 28, 2016. The Carnival Vista features outdoor spots like Havana Bar & Pool, a ropes course, mini golf, SkyRide at SportSquare, Seafood Shack plus additional spaces like the first IMAX at sea; the Vista has new Family Harbor staterooms. The Clubhouse features indoor activities like mini-bowling and arcade-style basketball, soccer and table tennis; the ship has SkyGreens, a mini golf course on Deck 12. The second Vista ship, the Carnival Horizon was delivered to Carnival in March 2018.
Like the Carnival Vista, the Carnival Horizon features SkyRide, an IMAX Theatre, a Water Works aqua park, themed after Dr. Seuss characters, Carnival's Seuss at Sea programme, she has some unique new attractions such as Bonsai Teppanyaki and Guy's Pig & Anchor Bar-B-Que Smokehouse | Brewhouse. In 2019 and 2020 Fincantieri was expected to deliver one ship to P&O Cruises Australia and two ships for Costa Crociere, however on December 15, 2016 Carnival Corporation announced that the ship, to set sail for P&O Cruises Australia in 2019 would now be sailing for Carnival Cruise Line. P&O was set to receive a retro fitted Carnival Splendor instead, however in September 2017, it was announced that Carnival Splendor will stay in the Carnival fleet and P&O Cruises Australia will get Princess Cruises Golden Princess in 2020. Two more future ships will be built at China State Shipbuilding Corporation and are due to be delivered from 2022 to CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping. There are options for four more ships.
The 3rd Vista Class ship under Carnival brand, Carnival Panorama, was announced on December 1, 2017, scheduled to make maiden voyage in December 2019 from Long Beach, CA. Carnival Cruise Lines
Carnival Sunshine
Carnival Sunshine is the lead ship of the Sunshine-class of cruise ships. Carnival Sunrise and Carnival Radiance will join in April 2019 and April 2020. With two of her four sisters, she is operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was christened as Carnival Destiny in Venice, Italy, in November 1996 by Lin Arison, wife of Ted Arison, the founder of Carnival Cruise Line. Carnival Sunshine itinerary is 5-13 day Caribbean cruises out of Port Canaveral. Starting in May 2019, The ship will be homeported in South Carolina. Upon entering service, Carnival Destiny was the first passenger ship built to be over 100,000 tons as measured by gross tonnage for a year, she became Carnival Sunshine on 5 May 2013, after receiving a major renovation featuring all Fun Ship 2.0 upgrades. At a ceremony in New Orleans on 17 November 2013, she was rechristened, with Lin Arison once again serving as her godmother. Carnival Destiny went into dry dock in Trieste, Italy in 2013 to be refitted and renamed Carnival Sunshine.
The refitting, completed in May 2013, had been delayed a month to allow for new back-up generator systems to be installed after Carnival announced the first part of its fleet-wide review. Two of Carnival Sunshine's European sailings were cancelled to allow time for the generators to be installed; the ship was renamed due to the size and scope of the renovation, which included every guest area on the ship. The propulsion system consists of six thruster units, three forward and three aft, each with variable-pitch propellers and 1760-kW motors; the electricity for the motors is provided by diesel generators. Given a multimillion-dollar refurbishment in 2005, Carnival Destiny featured three pools, a variety of dining options, nightclubs, a casino, duty-free shopping and a spa. Carnival Destiny received more upgrades in 2010, including a movie screen on the Lido deck and cabin renovations. On 6 March 2012, Carnival announced that Destiny would undergo a US$155-million dollar refit, re-christening of the ship as Carnival Sunshine, constituting the most major refit Carnival has attempted.
The ship was re-launched on 5 May 2013. The refit included a racing themed waterpark with one of the biggest slides in Carnival's fleet. Carnival Sunshine is scheduled to undergo another renovation in October 2018. Other than an 18 day cruise across the Atlantic to position her for the refit in Italy the ship has always operated from ports in the United States cruising to Caribbean destinations. Official website Carnival Sunshine Photo Gallery
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