1.
Continuous track
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Continuous track, also called tank tread or caterpillar track, is a system of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads or track plates is driven by two or more wheels. The prominent treads of the plates are both hard-wearing and damage resistant, especially in comparison to rubber tyres. The aggressive treads of the tracks provide good traction in soft surfaces but can damage paved surfaces, in modern times, continuous track propulsion systems can be traced back to a crude continuous track system designed in the 1770s by Richard Lovell Edgeworth. Polish mathematician and inventor Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński conceived of the idea in the 1830s, the British polymath Sir George Cayley patented a continuous track, which he called a universal railway. Although not a track in the form encountered today, a dreadnaught wheel or endless railway wheel was patented by the British Engineer James Boydell in 1846. In Boydells design, a series of feet are attached to the periphery of the wheel. A letter of recommendation was signed by Sir William Codrington, the General commanding the troops at Sebastapol, a number of manufacturers including Richard Bach, Richard Garrett & Sons, Charles Burrell & Sons and Clayton & Shuttleworth applied the Boydell patent under licence. The British military were interested in Boydells invention from an early date, one of the objectives was to transport Mallets Mortar, a giant 36 weapon which was under development but, by the end of the Crimean war, the mortar was not ready for service. In those tests, a Garrett engine was put through its paces on Plumstead Common, the Garrett engine featured in the Lord Mayors show in London, and in the following month that engine was shipped to Australia. Nicholas works in 1856, again, after the close of the Crimean war, between late 1856 and 1862 Burrell manufactured not less than a score of engines fitted with dreadnaught wheels. Steam tractors fitted with wheels had a number of shortcomings and. In August 1858, more than two years after the end of the Crimean War, John Fowler filed British Patent No.1948 on another form of Endless Railway, comprising only eight sections, the track sections are essentially longitudinal, as in Boydells initial design. Further to Fowlers patent of 1858, in 1877, a Russian, Fyodor Blinov and it lacked self-propulsion and was pulled by horses. Blinov received a patent for his wagon in 1878, from 1881 to 1888 he developed a steam-powered caterpillar-tractor. This self-propelled crawler was successfully tested and featured at an exhibition in 1896. Steam traction engines were used at the end of the 19th Century in the Boer Wars, but neither dreadnaught wheels nor continuous tracks were used, rather roll-out wooden plank roads were thrown under the wheels as required. A little-known American inventor, Henery T. Stith, developed a continuous track prototype which was, in forms, patented in 1873,1880. The last was for the application of the track to a prototype off-road bicycle built for his son, the 1900 prototype is retained by his surviving family
2.
Caterpillar Inc.
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Caterpillar is a leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. With more than US$89 billion in assets, Caterpillar was ranked one in its industry. In 2016 Caterpillar was ranked #59 on the Fortune 500 list, Caterpillar stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Caterpillar Inc. traces its origins to the 1925 merger of the Holt Manufacturing Company, Best Tractor Company, creating a new entity, the California-based Caterpillar Tractor Company. In 1986, the company re-organized itself as a Delaware corporation under the current name, Caterpillars headquarters are located in Peoria, Illinois, it announced in January 2017 that over the course of that year it would relocate its headquarters to Chicago. The company also licenses and markets a line of clothing and workwear boots under its Cat / Caterpillar name, Caterpillar machinery is recognizable by its trademark Caterpillar Yellow livery and the CAT logo. Benjamin Holt attempted to fix the problem by increasing the size and width of the wheels up to 7.5 feet tall and 6 feet wide, but this also made the tractors increasingly complex, expensive and difficult to maintain. Another solution considered was to lay a temporary plank road ahead of the tractor, but this was time-consuming, expensive. Holt thought of wrapping the planks around the wheels and he replaced the wheels on a 40 horsepower Holt steamer, No. 77, with a set of wooden tracks bolted to chains, on Thanksgiving Day, November 24,1904, he successfully tested the updated machine plowing the soggy delta land of Roberts Island. Company photographer Charles Clements was reported to have observed that the tractor crawled like a caterpillar, some sources, though, attribute this name to British soldiers in July 1907. Two years later Holt sold his first steam-powered tractor crawlers for US$5,500, each side featured a track frame measured 30 inches high by 42 inches wide and were 9 feet long. The tracks were 3 inches by 4 inches redwood slats, Holt received the first patent for a practical continuous track for use with a tractor on December 7,1907 for his improved Traction Engine. On February 2,1910, Holt opened up a plant in East Peoria, Illinois, there Pliny met farm implement dealer Murray Baker who knew of an empty factory that had been recently built to manufacture farm implements and steam traction engines. On October 25,1909, Pliny Holt purchased the factory, Holt incorporated it as the Holt Caterpillar Company, although he did not trademark the name Caterpillar until August 2,1910. Tractors were built in both Stockton and East Peoria, on January 31,2017, after more than 90 years of being headquartered in Peoria, Illinois, the company announced plans to move their headquarters from Peoria to Chicago, Illinois by the end of 2017. The upper echelon of executives, including newly installed CEO Jim Umpleby, will begin relocating later this year, about 300 employees will work in the new office at an as-yet undecided location once the transition is complete. The changes contributed to $2.3 billion in savings in 2016, Umpleby said that decline is a fundamental reason the companys Board of Directors opted to move global headquarters to an area where the global marketplace is in easier reach
3.
Drive sprocket
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A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name sprocket applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it and it is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. Early automobiles were also driven by sprocket and chain mechanism. Sprockets are of designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its originator. Sprockets typically do not have a flange, some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep the timing belt centered. They can be run at speed and some forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed. In the case of bicycle chains, it is possible to modify the overall ratio of the chain drive by varying the diameter of the sprockets on each side of the chain. This is the basis of derailleur gears, a multi-speed bicycle, by providing two or three different-sized driving sprockets and up to 11 different-sized driven sprockets, allows up to 33 different gear ratios. The resulting lower gear ratios make the easier to pedal up hills while the higher gear ratios make the bike more powerful to pedal on flats. In a similar way, manually changing the sprockets on a motorcycle can change the characteristics of acceleration, there may also be a third sprocket, elevated, driving the track. Sprockets are used in the transport mechanisms of movie projectors. In this case, the sprocket wheels engage film perforations in the film stock, sprocket feed was also used for punched tape and is used for paper feed to some computer printers. Roller chain Rack and pinion Toothed belt Gear train Gear ratio Chain drive Bicycle chain Mechanical advantage Chain Engagement with Sprockets
4.
Caterpillar D9
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The Caterpillar D9 is a large track-type tractor designed and manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. It is usually sold as an equipped with a detachable large blade. The size, durability, reliability, and low operating costs have made the D9 one of the most popular large track-type tractors in the world, the Komatsu D275A is one of its most direct competitors. The D9 is a series of heavy tracked-type tractors, propelled by Caterpillar tracks, the series began in 1954 with a prototype tractor called the D9X. Ten D9X prototype models were built in 1954, in 1955, the 286 hp D9 was introduced to compete against the more powerful Euclid TC-12. The D9 came equipped with a 1,473 cid D353 which powered the D9 right up until the 1980 introduction of the D9L, in 1956 the D9 had its engine power raised to 320 hp. The new 335 hp D9E replaced that model in 1959, two years later, in 1961, the legendary 385 hp D9G was introduced, that remained in production for 13 years. Over its 13-year life the D9G became the main crawler on many job sites, testifying to its sturdiness, in 1965, West Coast businessman Buster Peterson hooked up a pair of D9Gs to pushload the largest wheel tractor scrapers built. In 1986 Caterpillar bought the rights to this concept and thus the 770 hp DD9G was created, Peterson also built the first SxS D9G which has two D9Gs side-by-side, pushing a 24-foot wide bulldozer blade. In 1969, Caterpillar introduced this new SxS D9G, in 1974, the improved 410 hp D9H was introduced to replace the D9G. The D9H is still the most powerful conventional track-type tractor in company history, the DD9H and the SxsD9H would soon follow. In 1980, the 460 hp D9L was introduced, the unit featured the same new type of elevated-sprocket undercarriage as was used in the larger D10. The new undercarriage design reduced strain and shock loads on the final drives, the elevated-drive-sprocket undercarriage is a modular design. To repair the machines one breaks down the tracks and pulls the drive sprockets out, as a result, one can pull the powershift transmission out the rear. The 370 hp D9N replaced the D8L in 1987, in 1988, Caterpillar produced their 25, 000th elevated-drive-sprocket track-type tractor, a D9N. The 405 hp D9R replaced the D9N in 1996, the 410 hp D9T replaced the D9R in 2004. The D9T has a low-emissions ACERT diesel engine, the current model is the D9T, however, older models such as the D9R, D9N, and D9L are still commonly used. The L, N, R and T models of the D9 are visually very similar, the D9L was replaced by the 520 hp D10N in 1987
5.
Komatsu Limited
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Its headquarters are in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The corporation was named after the city of Komatsu, Ishikawa, worldwide, the Komatsu Group consists of Komatsu Ltd. and 182 other companies. Komatsu is the second largest manufacturer of construction equipment and mining equipment after Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery. However, in areas, Komatsu has a larger share than Caterpillar. It has manufacturing operations in Japan, Asia, Americas and Europe, Japanese 小松 ko matsu means small pine tree, named after Komatsu city in Ishikawa prefecture. Komatsu Iron Works was started by Takeuchi Mining Industry as a subsidiary to make tools for the parent company. Komatsu eventually became large enough to sell to the public, and was spun off on May 13,1921 as Komatsu Ltd, Komatsu produced its first agricultural tractor prototype in 1931. Through the 1930s, Komatsu also produced tractors for the Japanese military, as well as bulldozers, tanks. After World War II, under its new president Yoshinari Kawai, Komatsu added non-military bulldozers, in 1949 it began production of its first diesel engine. Its growth as a company was aided by the demand for its bulldozers during Japans post-war reconstruction in the 1950s. In August 1951 the corporate headquarters were moved to Tokyo, by 1957 the company had advanced technologically to the point that all its models were using Komatsu engines. In July 1967, it entered the U. S. market, taking on Caterpillar and this was done under the company slogan of Maru-C, translating into English as encircle Caterpillar. Komatsu and Dresser Industries established Komatsu Dresser to make mining tractors and this 50-50 ownership lasted from September 1988 to August 1994, when Komatsu bought out Dressers share. Komatsus mining products were consolidated under the name Komatsu Mining Systems in 1997, to prevent brand-name confusion during these corporate changes, the name Haulpak was used for the product line Komatsu began with Dresser. The name Haulpak dates back to 1957 when LeTourneau-Westinghouse introduced a range of rear dump trucks known as Haulpaks, LeTourneau-Westinghouse equipment later became known simply as WABCO equipment in 1967. The name Haulpak was a term that eventually became applied to any type of rear dump truck. A detailed history of the development of the Haulpak can be found in Wabco Australia, Komatsu makes the largest bulldozer in the world, the D575. In 2008 Komatsu launched the Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid, a 360-degree excavator that stores the energy from slew-braking to boost power and cut fuel use
6.
Fiatallis
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Fiat-Allis, later renamed Fiatallis, was a brand of heavy equipment, such as loaders, bulldozers, backhoes, scrapers, and graders. It began in 1974, when Allis-Chalmerss construction equipment business was reorganized into a joint venture with Fiat SpA, Allis-Chalmerss construction equipment business was often not profitable during the 1950s and 1960s. It faced stiff competition from such as Caterpillar, Case, Euclid, John Deere, Fiat MMT. The 1974 formation of a new company, Fiat-Allis, was essentially a divestment, over the next decade, Fiat continued to invest in Fiat-Allis, more so than Allis-Chalmers did. The two parent firms disagreed on decisions made at, and about, Fiat-Allis, in 1985, the joint venture ended. Fiat bought out Alliss remaining minority stake, cooperation with Hitachi yielded Fiat-Hitachi branding for some years. Fiatallis was eventually sold to CNH, of which Fiat is a major stockholder, CNH retired the Fiatallis brand and merged the companys assets with others from Case and New Holland Machine Company. CNHs construction equipment line is called New Holland Construction, buescher, Walter M. Plow Peddler, Macomb, Illinois, USA, Glenbridge Publishing, ISBN 978-0-944435-18-2. A memoir by a man who worked for Allis-Chalmers company for over 30 years as a sales representative, dean, Terry, Allis-Chalmers Tractors and Crawlers, Illustrated Buyers Guide Series, Motorbooks International, ISBN 978-0760309407. Yellow Steel, The Story of the Earthmoving Equipment Industry, University of Illinois Press, ISBN 978-0252071041
7.
Rishon LeZion
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Rishon LeZion is the fourth-largest city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain 8 km south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area, founded in 1882 by Jewish immigrants from Russian Empire, it was the second Jewish farm settlement established in The land of Israel in the 19th century, after Petah Tikva. In 2015 it had a population of 243,973, the name Rishon LeZion is derived from a biblical verse, First to Zion are they, and I shall give herald to Jerusalem and literally translates as First to Zion. Rishon LeZion was founded on July 31,1882, by ten Hovevei Zion pioneers from Kharkiv, reuven Yudalevich was also a member of the group. The pioneers purchased 835 acres of land southeast of present-day Tel Aviv, Ayun Kara was the scene of a bloody battle between Turkish and New Zealand troops on November 14,1917. Local citizens carried the wounded to a hospital in Rishon, a stone cenotaph was erected by the people of Rishon LeZion to the memory of the New Zealanders who fell that day, but it has since been destroyed. The soil was sandy, water was scarce and the settlers had no agricultural experience, after a well was dug and more pioneers arrived – the Biluim – the colony slowly took shape. Notable members of this group include Fani Belkind, Israel Belkind, Shimshon Belkind, Yoel Drubin, Dr. Haim Hissin, when Baron Edmond James de Rothschild took over, sending in his administrators, major progress was made in the spheres of agriculture, citrus and viticulture. Under Rothschilds patronage, the Carmel-Mizrahi Winery was established in 1886, David Ben-Gurion was head of workers union at the winery before later becoming Israels first Prime Minister. The first Hebrew school in the country opened in Rishon LeZion in 1886. Dov Lubman Haviv taught there, eliezer Ben-Yehuda, known as the father of modern Hebrew, was a teacher in Rishon LeZion. In 1890, Rishon LeZion had a population of 359, five years later, the figure had risen to 380, and by 1900, to 526. In 1911,4,000 dunams of land in Rishon LeZion were planted with grapes and 254 dunams with other fruit orchards, development was hindered by the lack of a water source. Baron Rothschild brought in experts who located water at 42 meters below ground, the groundwater table in the area was found to be uneven and wells were mostly constructed at between 20 and 25 meters in depth. Orchards were then developed around the settlement, and by the late 1920s the city developed a citrus industry. In 1924 the British Army contracted the Palestine Electric Company for wired electric power, the contract allowed the Electric Company to extend the grid beyond the original geographical limits that had been projected by the concession it was given. Rishon was declared a city in 1950, by 1983 it had a population of 103,000. In 2006,222,300 people were living in the city, by 2020, the population is expected to reach 315,000. In 2007, the Rishon LeZion Municipality was awarded the Ministry of Interior Prize for Proper Management, the city may in the future host a new international airport, which will replace Ben-Gurion International Airport and Sde Dov Airport
8.
Israel
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Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The country contains geographically diverse features within its small area. Israels economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, in 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency for Palestine, next year, the Jewish Agency declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and it extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israels occupation of the Palestinian territories is the worlds longest military occupation in modern times, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed, the population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2017 to be 8,671,100 people. It is the worlds only Jewish-majority state, with 74. 8% being designated as Jewish, the countrys second largest group of citizens are Arabs, at 20. 8%. The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, including significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins, other minorities include Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Black Hebrew Israelites, Circassians, Maronites and Samaritans. Israel also hosts a significant population of foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia, including illegal migrants from Sudan, Eritrea. In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish, Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature, Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2016. The country benefits from a skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the third highest in Asia, in the early weeks of independence, the government chose the term Israeli to denote a citizen of Israel, with the formal announcement made by Minister of Foreign Affairs Moshe Sharett. The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel. The name Israel in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, jacobs twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel. The earliest known artifact to mention the word Israel as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt. The area is known as the Holy Land, being holy for all Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam
9.
Half shaft
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An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating them, or fixed to the vehicle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the points where the axle is supported. In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type axle is referred to as a spindle, on cars and trucks, several senses of the word axle occur in casual usage, referring to the shaft itself, its housing, or simply any transverse pair of wheels. Strictly speaking, a shaft which rotates with the wheel, being either bolted or splined in fixed relation to it, is called an axle or axle shaft, however, in looser usage an entire assembly including the surrounding axle housing is also called an axle. An even broader sense of the word refers to every pair of wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle, regardless of their mechanical connection to each other. Thus, transverse pairs of wheels in an independent suspension may be called an axle in some contexts, axles are an integral component of most practical wheeled vehicles. In a live-axle suspension system, the serve to transmit driving torque to the wheel, as well as to maintain the position of the wheels relative to each other. The axles in this system must also bear the weight of the vehicle plus any cargo. A non-driving axle, such as the front beam axle in heavy duty trucks and some 2-wheel drive light trucks and vans, will have no shaft, conversely, many front wheel drive cars have a solid rear beam axle. In other types of systems, the axles serve only to transmit driving torque to the wheels. This is typical of the independent suspension found on most newer cars and SUVs and these systems still have a differential, but it will not have attached axle housing tubes. It may be attached to the frame or body, or integral in a transaxle. The axle shafts then transmit driving torque to the wheels, like a full floating axle system, the drive shafts in a front wheel drive independent suspension system do not support any vehicle weight. A straight axle is a rigid shaft connecting a wheel on the left side of the vehicle to a wheel on the right side. The axis of rotation fixed by the axle is common to both wheels, such a design can keep the wheel positions steady under heavy stress, and can therefore support heavy loads. Straight axles are used on trains, for the axles of commercial trucks
10.
Caterpillar D11
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The Caterpillar D11 is a large bulldozer, manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. in East Peoria, Illinois, and mainly used in the mining industry. Primarily designed as a bulldozer, it used for push-loading scrapers. The D11N was introduced in February 1986 to replace the D10, the D11N had some major improvements over the D10, it includes a bigger track and blade, and a longer track by 21 inches. The U blade was just under 21 feet long and 7 feet high and this increased the blade capacity to 45 cu yd. The D11Ns weight was 204,517 pounds and it was powered by a 770 horsepower,2,105 cu in 3508 V-8 Diesel engine. The D11Ns improvements made it over 10 percent more productive than the D10, in 1987 a hydraulically powered impact ripper was added to the D11N which raised the weight up to 225,950 lb. This would become known as the D11N Impact Ripper, the D11R and D11R Carrydozer were introduced at the Las Vegas, Nevada at MINExpo International 1996. Both were 770 hp and that would be increased to 850 hp later in 1997, other improvements made to the D11R were Fingertip Controls and Electronic Clutch and Brakes. The Finger Tip Controls allowed the D11R to be steered with a lever on the left hand side. The D11R now weighed 230,935 lb, the Carrydozer version has a special blade with a curvature that allowed 57 yards to be pushed. The Carrydozer had the structure strengthened considerably for the extra weight, both D11Rs received a new Caterpillar 3508B EUI diesel engine with electronic controls at 915 gross hp. The Carrydozer versions weight is just over 120 tons at 248,600 pounds, according to Caterpillar by the year 2000 over 3,000 D11s had been produced at their plant in East Peoria. The current D11T was introduced in early 2008 and is also 850 hp and this comes as a regular bulldozer and a carrydozer like the previous model. As with the D11R, the D11T Carrydozer can push 57.9 yards while the regular D11T can push 45 yards of earth, a new D11T was on display at the Caterpillar display at Minexpo during the 22 to 24 September 2008 in Las Vegas, Nevada. The D11T and D11T CD are both powered by the CAT C32 engine with ACERT technology, another difference between the D11R and the D11T is the controls inside the operators cabin. Several levers have been changed into electronic switches, and several controls have moved for increased visibility. Another difference is that the D11T has its exhaust mufflers moved back closer to the front of the cab like the D10T and they stand taller than the ones on the D11N/D11R. These machines are so big that they must be dismantled for shipment to most sites
11.
Heavy equipment
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Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations. They are also known as machines, heavy trucks, construction equipment, engineering equipment, heavy vehicles. They usually comprise five equipment systems, implement, traction, structure, power train, control, Heavy equipment functions through the mechanical advantage of a simple machine, the ratio between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied. Some equipment uses hydraulic drives as a source of motion. The use of equipment has a long history, the ancient Roman engineer Vitruvius gave descriptions of heavy equipment. The pile driver was invented around 1500, the first tunnelling shield was patented by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1818. Until the 19th century and into the early 20th century heavy machines were drawn under human or animal power, with the advent of portable steam-powered engines the drawn machine precursors were reconfigured with the new engines, such as the combine harvester. The design of a core tractor evolved around the new power source into a new machine core traction engine, that can be configured as the steam tractor. During the 20th century, internal-combustion engines became the power source of heavy equipment. Kerosene and ethanol engines were used, but today diesel engines are dominant, mechanical transmission was in many cases replaced by hydraulic machinery. The early 20th century also saw new electric-powered machines such as the forklift, caterpillar Inc. is a present-day brand from these days, starting out as the Holt Manufacturing Company. The first mass-produced heavy machine was the Fordson tractor in 1917, the first commercial continuous track vehicle was the Lombard Steam Log Hauler from 1901. Tracks became extensively used for tanks during World War I, the largest engineering vehicles, and the largest mobile land machines altogether, are bucket-wheel excavators, built from the 1920s. Until almost the twentieth century, one simple tool constituted the primary earthmoving machine, the hand shovel - moved with animal and human powered, sleds, barges, and wagons. This tool was the method by which material was either sidecast or elevated to load a conveyance, usually a wheelbarrow. In antiquity, an equivalent of the shovel or hoe. The two elements required for mechanized earthmoving, then as now, were an independent power source and off-road mobility, container cranes were used from the 1950s and onwards, and made containerization possible. Nowadays such is the importance of this machinery, some companies have developed specific equipment to transport heavy construction equipment to
12.
Bitelli S.p.a.
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Bitelli was an engineering company located in Bologna, Italy - the largest and, perhaps best known, Italian construction machinery firm. Beppino Bitelli produced his first three wheel roller in 1933 although it was not until 1957 that the Bitelli Road Mechanics company was formed, Tandem rollers were soon added and In 1969 the first single drum rollers were manufactured. In 1978 Bitelli built its first paving machine and, during the 1980s, road profilers, in 1980 Bitelli became a shareholder company and the five brothers and sisters took over control of the business. These were Gino Bitelli, Romolo Bitelli, Alessandro Bitelli, Luisa Bitelli, in 1995 Bitelli was divided into four main product categories across 5 continents and 45 countries. Asphalt Pavers 41. 8% Cold planners 20. 7% Single drum rollers 20. 9% Tandem rollers 16. 6% On 2 May 2000 Bitelli was sold to Caterpillar, some models were continued in the Caterpillar line such as the 200LE Cold Planner. But most others were discontinued including the road rollers and most of the asphalt pavers, bB30 BB50 BB52 BB632 BB642 BB660 BB670 BB621 BB651 BB781 SF100 SF140 200L 200LE 200R202 ST200 Single Drum C80 C100 C120 C170 C180 Three point rollers TS8 TS10 TS12 TS14
13.
Bucyrus-Erie
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Bucyrus-Erie was an American surface and underground mining equipment company. It was founded as Bucyrus Foundry and Manufacturing Company in Bucyrus, Bucyrus moved its headquarters to South Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1893. In 1927, Bucyrus merged with the Erie Steam Shovel Company to form Bucyrus-Erie, renamed Bucyrus International, Inc. in 1997, it was purchased by Caterpillar Inc. in a US$8.8 billion transaction that closed on July 8,2011. At the time of its acquisition, the Bucyrus product line included a range of removal and material handling products used in both surface and underground mining. Bucyrus was a producer of steam shovels, operating from its Bucyrus, Ohio headquarters. In 1893, Bucyrus moved its operations to South Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1904 Bucyrus supplied 77 of the 102 steam shovels used to dig the Panama Canal. These were ninety-five-ton models with five-cubic-yard buckets that could move approximately eight tons of material at once and they were operated by a crew of four. Similar to a locomotive, the crew was headed by a engineer, a support crew on the ground of six men extended the rails on which the shovel moved as the digging progressed. A famous photograph of President Theodore Roosevelt was taken in November 1906 operating a Bucyrus shovel in Panama during his trip to the canal. In March 1910, a single Bucyrus shovel excavated 70,000 cubic yards over twenty-six consecutive days at the Culebra cut, each shovel averaged more than 1,000,000 cubic yards of earth excavated at the cut. The company changed its name to Bucyrus-Erie in 1927 when it merged with the Erie Steam Shovel Company, in 1930 Bucyrus joined with the English firm of Ruston & Hornsby Ltd Lincoln, England, to form the Ruston-Bucyrus Ltd firm in England. Ruston & Hornsby Ltd were the pre-eminent manufacturers of steam excavators at the time, having started in 1874, the merger gave the company access to previously unavailable world markets. Ruston & Hornsby Ltd sold their share in Ruston-Bucyrus in 1985, during a period of recession and consolidation in the mining industry, for a time in the 1980s the company was known as Becor Western following its merger with Western Gear. On February 22,1993, Bucyrus-Erie filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the company took its current name, Bucyrus International, Inc. in 1997. Bucyrus built hundreds of large mining machines, as well as construction equipment, Bucyrus acquired Marion Power Shovel in 1997. On May 4,2007, Bucyrus completed the acquisition of the DBT Group, Bucyrus acquired DBT because DBTs underground mining equipment complemented Bucyrus surface mining products. In February 2010, Bucyrus International completed a US $1.3 billion acquisition of the equipment division of Terex Corporation. On November 15,2010, Bucyrus agreed to be acquired by Caterpillar in a transaction valued at US$8.6 billion, Caterpillar said it intended to create a new mining business headquarters at the former Bucyrus headquarters location in South Milwaukee
14.
Electro-Motive Diesel
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Electro-Motive Diesel is an American manufacturer of diesel-electric locomotives, locomotive products and diesel engines for the rail industry. The company is owned by Caterpillar through its subsidiary Progress Rail Services Corporation, in 1930, General Motors purchased Electro-Motive Company and the Winton Engine Co. combining the two to form its Electro-Motive Division in 1941. In 2005, GM sold EMD to Greenbriar Equity Group and Berkshire Partners, in 2010, Progress Rail Services completed the purchase of Electro-Motive Diesel from Greenbriar, Berkshire, and others. EMDs headquarters, engineering facilities and parts manufacturing operations are based in McCook, Illinois, while its final assembly line is located in Muncie. EMD also operates a traction motor maintenance, rebuild and overhaul facility in San Luis Potosí, as of 2008, EMD employed approximately 3,260 people, and in 2010 it held approximately 30 percent of the market for diesel-electric locomotives in North America. Harold L. Hamilton and Paul Turner founded the Electro-Motive Engineering Corporation in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1922, the company developed and marketed self-propelled railcars using General Electrics newly developed internal combustion-electric propulsion and control systems. Hamilton started his career as a fireman, then locomotive engineer, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. Financing himself, he quit his sales position and set up shop in a hotel with his partner. In 1923 EMC sold two gasoline-powered rail motor cars, one to the Chicago Great Western and the other to the Northern Pacific, EMC subcontracted the body construction to St. Louis Car Company, electrical components to General Electric, and the prime mover to Winton Engine Company. The motorcars were delivered in 1924 and worked well, fortunate for the fledgling company, in 1925, EMC entered full-scale production, selling 27 railcars. In 1930 General Motors was seeking to improve their Diesel technology and they purchased the Winton Engine Company who, in addition to their Diesel products, sold non-Diesel engines for EMC-developed rail motorcars. The combined resources of GM and their new Winton subsidiary were focused on developing Diesel engines with improved power-to-weight ratios, GM saw EMCs role in marketing and applications development as fitting their objectives and purchased the company shortly after the Winton acquisition, renaming it Electro-Motive Corporation. In 1933 EMC designed the power setups for the Zephyr and M-10000 streamliners, the Zephyr used the first major product of the new GM-Winton venture, the 600 hp Winton 201A 2-stroke Diesel engine. Encouraged by the success of the new streamliners, EMC invested in a new locomotive factory. The new headquarters on 55th Street in McCook, Illinois, west of Chicago, in 1938 EMC started production of locomotives using GMs new 567 engine, which upgraded the horsepower to 2000 per locomotive unit and increased reliability. The 567, named for its displacement-per-cylinder of 567.45 in³, was a two-cycle Roots-blown, Uniflow-scavenged, Unit-injected engine with overhead camshafts and it was built as a V-6, V-8, V-12 and V-16. Charles F. Kettering and the General Motors Research Corporation were in charge of its development and their nearest competitor was the American Locomotive Company, who started production of less-developed Diesel locomotives to compete with the E-units in 1939. Baldwins response to the challenge of the E-units was to develop a steam locomotive design that pushed beyond the limits of practicality, passenger trains made little money for the railroads, but replacement of steam engines with reliable Diesel units could provide railroads with a crucial difference for profitability
15.
Maschinenbau Kiel
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Maschinenbau Kiel GmbH designed, manufactured and marketed marine diesel engines, diesel locomotives and tracked vehicles under the MaK brand name. The three primary operating divisions of Maschinenbau Kiel GmbH were sold to different companies in the 1990s, rheinmetall acquired the military vehicles division in 1990. Siemens acquired the manufacturing division in 1992. Siemens sold the division to the current owner, Vossloh. Caterpillar Inc. acquired the marine engine division in 1997. Both Vossloh and the marine division of Caterpillar are still based in Kiel. The companies are major employers in Kiel, the companies origins can be traced back at least as far as 1918. With the Treaty of Versailles limiting arms production in Germany, the defence based industries in Kiel sought other markets, Kiel Deutsche Werke AG was founded, producing diesel locomotives as well as shipbuilding and firearms manufacture. During the second world war Deutsche work produced U-boats, as well as locomotives for the Wehrmacht, the end of the second world war brought not only destruction of many of the facilities in Kiel, but also the end of the company. The company Maschinenbau Kiel was founded on the 25 May 1948 as a liability company. It included several factories of the former Deutsche Werke AG, in 1954 after a lengthy legal dispute with MAN the name was changed from MAK to MaK. In 1959 a crisis led to the purchase by Bremer Atlas GmbH. In 1964 MaK became part of the Krupp group due to the take over of its parent company, the locomotive production arm of the company was sold in 1992 to Siemens. In 1997 the marine part of the business was sold to Caterpillar Inc. The marine diesel engines division became Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co, KG in 1997 and is now a 100% subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. The engines still carry the MaK logo, one example of the success of this organisation is the use of four engines of the type MaK9 M43 C in the cruise ship AIDAdiva. The MaK product line as of August 2015 consists of six medium-speed four-stroke diesel and they range in power from 1,020 to 16,800 kW. Current models apply flexible camshaft technology to reduce or eliminate visible smoke at partial load, FCT also said to improve performance and load pick-up
16.
Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklifts
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The joint venture was formed on July 1,1992 and includes the following companies based on the geographic markets they serve, Americas, MCFA based in Houston, Texas, USA. Europe & Africa, MCFE based in Almere, Netherlands, far East, MCFS based in Singapore. The joint venture combined a variety of operational strengths to form a successful company, mitsubishis operational strengths include cost-effective manufacturing expertise, vast engineering resources and possession proprietary powertrain. Caterpillar Inc. provided marketing experience, worldwide dealer organization, brand recognition, Forklift truck manufacturers Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift America
17.
Mitsubishi Caterpillar Forklift America
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MCFA also owns the rights to Towmotor brand name, but does not manufacture under it. MCFA is ISO 9001-2000 certified and has obtained compliance certification from the California Air Resources Board, MCFA provides a full line of forklifts with complete sales and product support through more than 600 dealer locations throughout the United States, Canada and Latin America. The companys 860,000 sq ft. facility in Houston is located on 42 acres of land and employs 600 workers, MCFA was formed through a joint venture in 1992 between two major companies, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and Caterpillar Industrial Inc. Jungheinrich Forklifts joined this partnership on January 1,2010 through a manufacturing and distribution agreement with MCFA
18.
MWM GmbH
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The Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH is a mechanical engineering company, based in Mannheim. For many years it was known as Motoren-Werke Mannheim, in 2009 the company was the third-largest producer of gas and diesel engines. The main focus of production is gensets for the generation of energy from 400 to 4,300 kWel per unit. It also provides consulting, designing and engineering, construction and commissioning of plants as well as global aftersales service, the company also has its own training center. In 1922 the department for the construction of engines was outsourced and had its name changed from Benz & Cie. Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik in Mannheim to Motorenwerke Mannheim. The renowned German engineer Prosper LOrange, a pioneer of diesel engine technology, was the manager then. Before that he worked for Benz & Cie, the construction of diesel engines in particular used to be the core business of MWM, amongst others for utility vehicles and agricultural machines. In 1924 MWM manufactured their first tractor, which was called Motorpferd, in 1931, tractor production was discontinued. For quite a time, combines by Claas, tractors by the French manufacturer Renault. In 1926 Knorr-Bremse AG was able to acquire the majority of shares, in 1985 they sold MWM to Deutz AG. The company, along with MAN SE, remained the engine manufacturer in the field of commercial diesel engines in Germany. DEUTZ restructured the company several times and expanded the gas engine division. In August 2007, DEUTZ sold the company to the financial investor 3i as Deutz Power Systems for 360 million euros. On 1 October 2008 Deutz Power Systems was renamed MWM GmbH, today MWM offers mainly gas engines for cogeneration units and biogas plants with an output between 400 and 4,300 kilowatts. To a smaller extent also diesel engines are still produced, on 22 October 2010 Caterpillar Inc. officially announced an agreement with 3i regarding the acquisition of MWM for 580 million euros. Subject to the consent of prudential authorities MWM will then become part of Caterpillars Electric Power Division, on 8 October MWM announced that it will change its name to Caterpillar Energy Solutions as of 1 of November 2013
19.
Perkins Engines
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It was established in Peterborough, England, in 1932. Over the years Perkins has expanded its engine ranges and produces thousands of different engine specifications including diesel and gas engines. F. Perkins Limited, established on 7 June 1932, was founded in Queen Street, Peterborough, to design and manufacture high-speed diesel engines by Frank Perkins, Chapman was design engineer and company secretary and was given a ten percent shareholding. He was to remain with the business for more than a decade before re-joining the RNVR though remaining a consultant to the company, Frank Perkins obtained further initial support from directors Alan J M Richardson and George Dodds Perks. Before Chapman and Perkins the diesel engine was a heavy and slow revving workhorse, chapmans concept was the high-speed diesel – an engine that could challenge gasoline as the primary motive power. Sales were strong and by the time of World War II the company made two series of engines, P4 and P6, soon after the war, the company went public, and established a number of licensees for local manufacturing and sale. F. Perkins Ltd was purchased by its largest customer, Massey Ferguson, keeping its separate identity, the business continued under the name of Perkins Engines and in 1994 became a subsidiary of LucasVarity. Development continued and Perkins updated its engines to meet stricter emissions rules while developing new series for power generation and forklift trucks. A supplier to Caterpillar Inc. since the 1970s, Perkins was bought by Caterpillar in 1998 for US$1.325 billion, on 1 January 2009 Gwenne Henricks became President of Perkins Engines replacing Hans Haefeli, after having worked in Caterpillar’s Electronics and Connected Worksite Division in North America. Henricks is also a vice-president of Caterpillar, Perkins engines were also used as standard factory equipment in Jeeps and Dodge trucks in the United States in the 1960s. They also continued to be popular in European trucks from their customer, Commer and other companies. The Perkins 6.354 medium duty engine was designed to be enough to replace petrol/gasoline V8 engines in trucks. After acquiring Rolls-Royce Diesels of Shrewsbury in 1984, Perkins continued to supply British Rail with engines for its diesel multiple units, Perkins went on to purchase Gardner Engines in the summer of 1986 to complement their line of lighter diesel engines. Global product support is provided by 4,000 distribution, parts, in 2015, Perkins Engines Company consolidated its U. S. distribution from six to three master distributors. Serving Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. Has 5 full-service locations in Ridgefield, WA, Oklahoma City, OK, Surprise, AZ, Santa Fe Springs, CA, manufactured with 1100 Series Perkins engines. Wanco Long-Run Light Towers - Wanco Long-Run Light Towers feature an exclusive, revolutionary design that more light than a metal halide light tower. Powered by Perkins diesel, 3-cylinder, water-cooled engine, list of Perkins engines Official website
20.
Progress Rail Services
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Progress Rail markets products and services worldwide and maintains 110 facilities in the United States,34 in Mexico, four in Canada, two in Brazil, five in UK, one in Italy, and one in Germany. Progress Rail is organized into two divisions, Engineering & Track Services and Locomotive & Railcar Services, Progress Rail Services Corporation traces its roots to a recycling company founded in Albertville, Alabama, United States in 1982. Progress Rail became a division of Progress Energy in 2000 as a result of the merger of Florida Progress Corporation, in February 2005, Progress Energy announced it was selling Progress Rail to One Equity Partners for $405 million. The sale closed on March 28,2005, with Progress Rail becoming a private company. On May 17,2006, Caterpillar Inc. announced it would purchase Progress Rail from One Equity Partners for $1 billion in cash, stock, the acquisition by Caterpillar was announced as part of its long-term strategy, Vision 2020. In July 2011 the company announced it was to assemble EMD locomotives at a plant leased in the state of Minas Gerais, on May 24,2008 Caterpillar agreed to acquire all of the capital stock of MGE - Equipamentos e Serviços Ferroviários Ltda. A São Paulo, Brazil-based locomotive component and transit car services company to become part of Caterpillars Progress Rail Services Corporation, the acquisition of MGE marked Progress Rails first entry into the South American market. On June 1,2010, Caterpillar announced Progress Rail Services Corporation would buy Electro-Motive Diesel from Berkshire Partners LLC, the purchase was completed on August 2,2010, making Electro-Motive Diesel a wholly owned subsidiary of Progress Rail Services Corporation. During October 2013, Caterpillar announced that a criminal indictment had been secured against Progress Rail Services. Progress Rail and its subsidiary Electro-Motive Diesel currently offer freight, passenger, Progress Rails Signal Division makes grade crossing and wayside signals under the name Lincoln Industries. Progress Rail Services Corporation, progressrail. com, company website
21.
Holt Manufacturing Company
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The Holt Manufacturing Company traces its roots to the 1883 founding of Stockton Wheel Service in Stockton, California, United States. Benjamin Holt, who was credited with patenting the first workable crawler tractor design. Holt Manufacturing Company was the first company to manufacture a continuous track tractor. Holt Manufacturing Company operated from its base in Stockton, California, until opening a facility in Walla Walla, Washington. In 1909, Holt Manufacturing Company expanded by purchasing the facility of defunct farm implement maker Colean Manufacturing Company in East Peoria, Holt changed the name of the company to Holt Caterpillar Company, although he did not trademark the name Caterpillar until 1910. The companys initial products focused on machinery and were distributed internationally. During World War I, almost all of its capacity was dedicated to military needs. Its tractors were used by the Allies in place of horses to haul heavy artillery. Holt tractors also played a part, to varying degrees, in the development of tanks in Great Britain, France. Holts equipment was credited with helping the Allies to win the war, the Holt Manufacturing Company gained worldwide recognition for the quality and durability of its equipment. The company decided to focus instead on construction equipment and sought to capitalize on the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921. Laden with debt and needing more capital to switch its product line, both the Holt Manufacturing Company and C. L. Best were hurt by the depression of 1920–21 which further inhibited sales, both companies streamlined their over-lapping product lines. The two companies had spent about US$1, as of 2010, Caterpillar Inc. was the 229th largest company in the world. Charles H. Holt arrived in San Francisco from Concord, New Hampshire, in 1864 to form C. H. Holt, initially the company produced wooden wheels for wagons and, later on, steel wheels for streetcars. William and Ames joined Charles in San Francisco in 1871, in the same year, Charles and Ames established the Holt Brothers Company in San Francisco. The company sold hardwood, lumber, and wagon and carriage materials, primarily manufacturing wagon axles, wheels, W. Harrison Holt and Ames both temporarily returned around 1871 to New Hampshire – where both were married – to manage the eastern business. The brothers built a factory in Concord, New Hampshire, to manufacture wagon wheels, wheel components, bodies, in 1872, at age 23, Benjamin was given an interest in his fathers business, and he assumed more responsibility for the companys operations
22.
Best Manufacturing Company
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The Best Manufacturing Company of San Leandro, California was a manufacturer of farm machinery, known for its steam tractors. The company was formed in 1871 by Daniel Best, the companys initial product was a portable grain cleaner, soon followed by a combine harvester. In 1890, the company purchased the rights to manufacture the Remington steam engine, the company was acquired by the Holt Manufacturing Company in 1908 after a legal battle. C. L. Best, the son of the then formed his own rival company. Best Gas Traction Company which built gasoline-powered tractors and this new company acquired the rights to manufacture the Lombard Steam Log Hauler, an early tracked crawler, and began producing tracklayer tractors. Following fierce competition from the Fordson company, C. L, Best merged with the Holt Manufacturing Company in 1925 to form the Caterpillar Tractor Company. Oakland museums Best tractor Page on Best steam tractors The Oakland Best operating in 2005
23.
Holt gas electric tank
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The Holt Gas-Electric Tank was the first prototype tank built in the United States in a collaboration between the Holt Manufacturing Company and the General Electric Company. The tank, built during 1917-1918, was the one of its kind built. The crew number is given as six, on the assumption there would be two machine gunners, a gunner and loader for the main gun, a driver and a commander. The tank was based on a lengthened and modified version of the suspension of the Holt Model 75, there were ten road wheels at each side. The tank was 7 feet 9.5 inches tall,16 feet 6 inches long, to prevent overheating the transmission—a constant problem with electrical types—a complicated water cooling system had been installed. Like the French tank, the Holt Gas-Electric had a 75 mm gun placed low in the V-shaped nose, the engine and transmission were in the rear, next to a corridor leading to the only door. Only one was built as tests showed its performance was unsatisfactory and it was much heavier than planned. The Holt Gas-Electric Tank Holt Gas-Electric Tank
24.
Holt tractor
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The Holt tractors were a range of continuous track haulers built by the Holt Manufacturing Company, which was named after Benjamin Holt. Between 1908 and 1913, twenty-seven of the first 100 Holt caterpillar track-type tractors were used on the Los Angeles Aqueduct project, which provided a good proving ground for these machines. They were most famously used by the British, French and American armies in World War I for hauling heavy artillery, including BL9. 2-inch howitzers and the BL 8-inch howitzer. By 1916 more than 1000 were in use by British and by the end of the war around 10,000 had been used, there were at least two models used for military purposes, the Holt 75 and the Holt 120. The 120 horsepower model had a steering wheel at the front that was usually covered. The 75 hp model used two tracks for steering and it had a maximum speed of 15 miles per hour and had a gasoline engine. Holt Tractors Photo Archive, An Album of Steam and Early Gas Tractors, ISBN 978-1-882256-10-5 Media related to Holt tractors at Wikimedia Commons Holt tractor models
25.
C. L. Best
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Clarence Leo Best, usually known as C. L. Best, was a pioneering tractor company executive. Best Gas Traction Company in 1910 then merged his company with Holt Manufacturing Company to form Caterpillar Tractor Company in 1925, Best was chairman of the board of Caterpillar Tractor Company from its founding until his death in 1951. Best started out working for Best Manufacturing Company, owned by his father, Daniel Best, Best Manufacturing Company was acquired by Holt Manufacturing Company in 1908. Best left Holt Manufacturing Company and formed his own company, C. L, Best Gas Traction Company, to continue his fathers work. Originally operating out of a plant in Elmhurst, California, the C. L, Best Traction Company became large enough to purchase Daniel Bests former San Leandro, California plant in mid-1916. Best Traction Company was restructured and renamed the C. L, in the mid-1920s, Holt encountered financial trouble. Bests financial backers approached Holt executives to discuss a merger, Best Tractor Company and Holt Manufacturing Company merged to form Caterpillar Tractor Company. Best remained chairman of the board of Caterpillar until his death in 1951 and he was interred at Evergreen Cemetery in Oakland, CA Daniel Best Best Manufacturing Company Benjamin Holt Caterpillar Inc. Caterpillar 60 — tractor originally manufactured by C. L
26.
Daniel Best
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Daniel Best was an American adventurer, inventor, and entrepreneur known for pioneering agriculture machinery and heavy machinery. In 1839, Daniel Best’s father, John, moved the family to Missouri, there he built a saw mill and proceeded to cut lumber for the local pioneers to use in building their homes. The first nine years of Daniels life were spent here and is probably where he received his interest in logging, in 1847, the family moved again to Lee County, Iowa, here they took up farming and raised stock. In 1859 Daniel, desiring adventure, and wanting to follow his brother, joined a train heading west to Fort Walla Walla, Washington, employed as an ox tender. As was the case for many other Americans of his day, along the way, he went from fighting Indians to befriending Indians. Once the wagon train reached its destination, Daniel went his own way to try his hand at gold mining followed by working in sawmills and eventually building his own sawmill. While working in his sawmill, an accident occurred that changed the course of his life and it was at this time in his life, as he would say later, that he began to use his head. He then moved to Sutter County, California to work with his brother, Henry Best, on his ranch, over a period of forty-three years, Daniel Best received 41 patents, ranging from an improved washing machine to combine harvesters. His first invention, patented April 25,1871, was a portable grain cleaner, prior to this, farmers had to haul their grain to town to have it cleaned and separated, now the cleaner and separator could be brought to the grain. This invention won first prize at the California State Fair in 1871, while continuing to produce grain cleaners Daniel began experimenting with the idea of combining grain harvesting, threshing and cleaning in one machine. He was successful in 1885 when he sold his first horse-powered combined harvester and this new addition to his product line gave him the capital and the means to move onto the next major invention. It was actually an improvement on a design, but is still one of his better known inventions. Daniel Best, as with most industrialists, was looking to improve, simplify. It began when he saw the need for a traction engine, what some now call a steam tractor. He first purchased the rights to build a steam traction engine from Remington of Woodburn. He immediately began to make improvements until his engines were known as the strongest, most dependable, around 1891, Daniel began to experiment with gas engines to replace the steam engines on his tractors. He developed his first gas-powered tractor in 1896, to prove its superiority, he staged a tug of war between his steam tractor and his new gas-powered engine. Not only did the gas-powered engine win, but it pulled the steam tractor around the block, as word spread of his dependable traction engines, he received more and more orders from clients all around the world
27.
Benjamin Holt
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Benjamin Leroy Holt was an American inventor who patented and manufactured the first practical crawler-type tread tractor. The continuous-type track is used for agricultural and engineering vehicles to spread the weight over a large area to prevent the vehicle from sinking into soft ground. He founded with his brothers the Holt Manufacturing Company, Holt was the youngest of four brothers and eleven siblings, the children of William Knox Holt and first, Eliza Jane Virgin, and later Harriet Parker Ames of Concord, New Hampshire. William Knox Holt owned a sawmill that made hardwood for wagon, in 1864, Benjamins brother Charles H. Holt arrived in San Francisco, California where he founded C. H. Holt and Co. The company produced wooden wheels for wagons and, later on, brothers William Harrison Holt and Ames Frank Holt arrived in 1871. The company sold hardwood, lumber, wagon and carriage materials, primarily manufacturing wagon axles, wheels, the brothers shipped hardwood from New Hampshire by ship to San Francisco. In 1869, Benjamin went to work in his fathers sawmill, at age 23, he was given an interest in the business, and he managed shipping the lumber to the west coast. His mother died in 1875 and his father died eight years later in 1883, with his parents gone, Holt left for California as well. Benjamin Holt arrived in California in 1883, the Holt brothers formed the Stockton Wheel Company to season woods in a way that would prepare them for use in the arid valleys of California and deserts of the West. They based their new venture in the warm Central Valley town of Stockton, California and they invested $65,000 into a factory equipped with the best machinery available. Stockton, about 90 miles east of San Francisco, was accessible by seagoing ship, by 1883 the brothers had 25 men on the payroll in a three-story brick building and a one-story wood frame building in Stockton. Benjamin was acknowledged by his family as an entrepreneurial and mechanical genius, most of the surrounding fields were recovered from the delta of the San Joaquin River. Much of it was planted in wheat and Benjamin Holt produced his first horse-drawn Link-Belt Combined Harvester and this machine used flexible chain belts rather than gears to transmit power from the ground wheels to the working mechanism, reducing breakage and down time. While manufacturing coach and wagon wheels and carriage bodies, Benjamin saw a need for mechanical Traction engines to replace horse-drawn machinery, in 1890, Holt built his first experimental steam traction engine, nicknamed Old Betsy. It developed 60 horsepower on a 24 feet -long frame from a single 11 inches -diameter,12 inches -stroke piston and it could burn wood, coal, or oil as fuel. Carrying 675 US gallons of water, it weighed 48,000 pounds, holt’s tractors could harvest large fields for one-sixth the cost of a horse-drawn combine. Foresters soon adapted them to haul Redwood logs out of road-less forests, in 1892 the Holts manufactured a steam-driven tractor capable of hauling 50 short tons of freight at 3 miles per hour. Up to this time in America animal power was used to haul goods, Benjamin Holt became president that year and the company was incorporated as the Holt Manufacturing Company
28.
George H. Prudden
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George Henry Prudden, Jr. was an American aircraft engineer. He was instrumental in designing the first all metal aircraft in America and he was president of the Early Birds of Aviation in 1961. Born on 18 February 1893, George, and his brother Earl, were interested in aviation from an early age, by 24 June 1910, Prudden had soloed a plane of his own design based on the Wright Flyer. Despite his flying experience George Prudden served in the 74th Field Artillery during World War I, after military service Prudden returned to education graduating in the Class of 1920 from the University of Minnesota. George was then recruited by William Bushnell Stout, to develop the Stout ST-1 all metal torpedo bomber for the U. S. Navy. George later designed the Stout 2-AT Pullman, the first aircraft to regularly scheduled airline flights, cargo flights. Henry Ford fully purchased the Stout company in 1925, making it the Stout Metal Airplane Division of the Ford Motor Company, one of Pruddens first tasks was to investigate the breakup of the USS Shenandoah on behalf of Ford. Ford was very displeased when he saw that the effort was publicised in the Detroit Free Press, in 1927, Prudden founded the Prudden-San Diego Airplane Company, to manufacture an all-metal trimotor with Ryan supplied engines. In November 1928, Prudden left the company at the height of the depression, the company Prudden founded is still active as Solar Turbines Incorporated, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc. Later, Prudden developed the Prudden-Whitehead monoplane with the Atlanta Aircraft Corporation, while in Atlanta, Prudden helped develop Candler Field, Atlanta. In 1932, Prudden worked for Lockheed Aircraft where he helped engineer the Lockheed Vega, in World War II, Prudden managed the Ryan Aeronautical factory in San Diego, California. In 1961, Pruden became the President of the Early birds of Aviation and he died on January 20,1964. Many of Pruddens awards were displayed in the San Diego Air & Space Museum, but were destroyed in a 1978 arson fire
29.
Armored bulldozer
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The armored bulldozer is a basic tool of combat engineering. These combat engineering vehicles combine the earth moving capabilities of the bulldozer with armor which protects the vehicle, most are civilian bulldozers modified by addition of vehicle armor/military equipment, but some are tanks stripped of armament and fitted with a dozer blade. Some tanks have bulldozer blades while retaining their armament, but this does not make them armored bulldozers as such, the first armored bulldozer was developed by the British during World War II. This was a conventional Caterpillar D8 bulldozer fitted with armor to protect the driver, the work was carried out by Jack Olding & Company Ltd of Hatfield. The bulldozer was one of several armored vehicles that were collectively referred to as Hobarts Funnies and were operated by the British 79th Armoured Division in support of armored assaults. This need was met by the Centaur Bulldozer—a Centaur tank with the turret removed, Centaur bulldozers were still in use with the British Army at the time of the Korean War. Modern armored bulldozers are often based on the Caterpillar D7 and D9, the attributes that make the D9 popular for major construction projects make it desirable for military applications as well. It has been effective for the Israel Defense Forces and for the United States armed forces in Iraq. Following the success of the armored D9, Caterpillar Defense Products started to manufacture and sell armored bulldozers, the D9R, the latest generation of D9 bulldozers in IDF service, has a power of 405 to 410 horsepower and drawbar pull of 71.6 tonnes-force. It has a crew of two, an operator and a commander and it is operated by the TZAMA units of the Israeli Engineering Corps. The main IDF modification is the installation of an Israeli-made armor kit which provides protection to the mechanical systems. The operator and commander are protected inside a cabin, with bulletproof windows to protect against bombs, machinegun. The IDF also developed a slat armor add-on to deflect RPG rounds, the fitted armor package adds roughly 15 additional tons to the production-line weight of the D9. The modified D9 bulldozers can be fitted with disparate features, such as crew-operated machine guns, smoke projectors, therefore, they were used to open safe routes for IDF forces and detonate explosive charges. The bulldozer was used extensively to clear shrubbery and structures which could be used as cover, during the first Gulf war the USA purchased tractor protection kits from the Israel Military Industries for their Caterpillar D7 bulldozers. The armored bulldozers were used in mine clearing applications. During the preparation to the war in Iraq in 2003 the United States Army purchased several D9 armor kits from the IDF and these have been used to clear destroyed vehicles from roads, dig moats, erect earthen-barriers, and construct field fortifications. D9s have also used to raze houses which sheltered insurgent snipers
30.
Caterpillar 345C L
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The Caterpillar 345C L is a large hydraulic excavator manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. The 345C L, with 345 hp of net power, is classified as a large excavator by Caterpillar. In Caterpillars naming conventions, the last two digits indicate the weight in metric tonnes. The 345C L is not named after its horsepower, rather, it is a coincidence that both use the number 345
31.
Caterpillar 740 Ejector
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The Caterpillar 740 Ejector Articulated Truck is Caterpillars second generation of articulated haulers to have a system that pushes material out the back of the body. It is the largest articulated haul truck offered by Caterpillar, larger use a rigid frame system. The ejector uses a 4-cylinder hydraulic ram and blade to dump the material out, the 740 Ejector is sold as separate model from the usual 740. Total power is 436 hp, total operating weight is 162,280 lb, top forward speed is 34 mph. Caterpillar introduced a version of its D400E in 2001. In 2002/2003, the DX00 series of trucks were replaced with the 7XX range, currently Caterpillar supplies 725,730,730 Ejector,735,740 and 740 Ejector versions. The 7XX truck series uses the cab design across all types. These are all manufactured in the UK, advantages Lower risk of tipping over on slopes when dumping. Ability to spread the material out over a distance, dumping does not increase the risk of contacting overhead obstacles. Virtually eliminate any material remaining in the body after dumping, dumping and returning can be done without slowing down. Disadvantages Reduction in types of materials suited for hauling, large rocks can wedge between sidewall and ejector causing damage, winter operations may cause wet material to freeze on sidewall jamming ejector. More complicated operation, additional parts to maintain, body can be damaged from contact while loading, preventing ejection. Caterpillar 740 Ejector - Official Caterpillar website Ejector system Magazine Article in Earthmovers Magazine about Maveric Contractors Caterpillar 740 Ejectors
32.
Caterpillar 789
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The Caterpillar 789 dump truck is a model of large dump trucks, typically used in open pit mining, manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. The 789 has a capacity of 177 tonnes, and its engine can produce 1770 horsepower, while some competing products use hybrid drive, the Caterpillar 789 has an entirely mechanical drive-train. The first Caterpillar 789 trucks were introduced in 1986, the vehicles controls are designed to work much like those of an ordinary truck. However, they have mechanisms for the driver to slow or stop the vehicle. Next to the brake pedal there is a second foot pedal to activate a secondary braking system. There is a lever to the right of the wheel, called the retarding brake. Finally, the vehicles drive-train will automatically change gears, while descending inclines, because the vehicle provides the driver with a limited view, with many blind spots, they are equipped with multiple proximity sensors, and closed circuit TVs cameras. Vehicles average 0.3 miles per gallon, vehicle have six tires, that are 12 feet in diameter, and cost $50,000 to replace. Malcolm Nance, the author of Defeating ISIS, Who They Are, How They Fight, What They Believe, described ISIS suicide bombers driving Caterpillar 789 trucks loaded with explosives into fortifications
33.
Caterpillar 797
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In production since 1998, the 797 series represents Caterpillar’s largest, highest capacity haul trucks. Engineers at Caterpillars Mining & Construction Equipment Division in Decatur, Illinois and this was the first time CAD tools had been used extensively to design a Caterpillar truck. Caterpillar first unveiled a completed 797 on September 29,1998, at its plant in Decatur. The first two 797s produced were transported to Caterpillars Arizona proving grounds for testing, in the second quarter of 1999, the third and fourth 797s produced were the first to be placed in service with a customer at the Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah. Caterpillar put 18 additional 797s into service with operators worldwide as production development units. Caterpillar began marketing the 797 in North America in 2000, with full worldwide marketing following in 2001, the first generation serial number prefix is 5YW. Caterpillar introduced the 797B in spring of 2002, replacing the first-generation 797, Caterpillar increased the power output of the Cat 3524B engine to cope with the 797Bs higher payload capacity of up to 380 short tons, a 20 short tons improvement over the 797. The first 797B units entered service with customers in October,2002, Caterpillar introduced the latest 797 in the series, the 797F, at MINExpo International in September 2008. When Caterpillar began full production of the 797F in late 2009, the 797F comes equipped with a new, more powerful and more efficient Cat C175-20 engine and an increased payload capacity of up to 400 short tons. The Caterpillar 797 series trucks employ mechanical drive powertrains in contrast to the diesel-electric powertrains of similar haul trucks offered by competitors. A gross 3,400 hp Cat 3524B HD EUI 24-cylinder, displacement]], electronic injection, quad single-stage turbocharged, liquid aftercooled. The Cat 3524B HD engine is a unit consisting of two 12-cylinder Cat 3512B HD engine blocks coupled to operate as a single engine with a combined displacement of 106 liters. A gross 3,550 hp, quad turbocharged Caterpillar 3524B engine powers the 797B, the power rating of the 3524B is valid up to an elevation of 8,500 ft or 15,000 ft with a high altitude arrangement. A gross 4,000 hp Cat C175-20 ACERT single block, 20-cylinder, electronic common rail injection, quad turbocharged, air-to-air aftercooled, four-stroke diesel engine powers the 797F. The power rating of the C175-20 is valid up to an elevation of 7,000 ft or up to 16,000 ft with a high altitude arrangement. The 797 series haul trucks are equipped with a rear-axle-mounted, computer-controlled, seven-speed planetary transmission with a separate lock-up torque converter, both transmission and torque converter use a common powertrain oil. Each 797 wheel is attached to the axle using 54 - 36-mm nuts that are torqued to 2,300 lb·ft, a size 55/80R63 radial tire was developed by Michelin in conjunction with Caterpillar specifically for the first generation 797. The Caterpillar 797B and 797F run 4.028 m tall,5,300 kg Michelin 59/80R63 XDR, most first generation 797s have been retrofitted to use the 59/80R63 tires as well
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Cat CT660
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The Cat CT660 is a Class 8 vocational truck sold by Caterpillar Inc. which represents a diversification of the companys product line into the on-highway trucking industry. Available at Cat dealers from summer 2011, the truck is offered with a CAT11 liter CT11 and 13 liter CT13 and is built at Navistar International’s factory in Garland, cT660s are sold and serviced by Cat dealers only. “We have not yet started truck production in Victoria, and this allows us to exit this business before the transition occurs. ”Cat CT660 as taken by Wayne Crane
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