Champa were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century CE until 1832.
This Cham head of Shiva was made of electrum around 800. It decorated a kosa, or metal sleeve fitted to a liṅgam. One can recognise Shiva by the tall chignon hairstyle and by the third eye in the middle of his forehead.
Crown of Champa in 7th and 8th century. (Museum of Vietnamese History)
Depiction of a couple of highland man and Cham lady in the Boxer Codex from 1590
Pottery vase of the Sa Huỳnh culture, 1000 BC. The Sa Huỳnh people were the prehistoric ancestors of all Chamic peoples.
Đại Việt was the official name of multiple Vietnamese monarchies in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day Hanoi.
Sculpture of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh in Hoa Lư temple (c. 17th century)
Statue of Ly Cong Uan (974–1028) in Bac Ninh
Remnants of Dạm Pagoda (built in emperor Lý Nhân Tông's era, early 12th century)
Luqīn (Annam/Đại Việt) and Sanf (Champa) are shown in the bottom right of the Tabula Rogeriana, drawn by al-Idrisi for Roger II of Sicily in 1154.