1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Roberta Flack
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Roberta Cleopatra Flack is an American singer and musician. Flack lived with a family, born in Black Mountain, North Carolina to parents Laron LeRoy and Irene Flack a church organist, on February 10,1939 and raised in Arlington. Her interests in performing were inspired when she discovered the work of Mahalia Jackson, when Flack was nine, she started taking an interest in playing the piano, and during her early teens, Flack so excelled at classical piano that Howard University awarded her a full music scholarship. By age 15, she entered Howard University, making her one of the youngest students ever to enroll there and she eventually changed her major from piano to voice, and became an assistant conductor of the university choir. Her direction of a production of Aida received an ovation from the Howard University faculty. Flack is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority and was made a member of Tau Beta Sigma by the Eta Delta Chapter at Howard University for her outstanding work in promoting music education. Roberta Flack became a student teacher at a school near Chevy Chase, before becoming a professional singer-songwriter, Flack returned to Washington, D. C. and taught at Browne Junior High and Rabaut Junior High. She also taught piano lessons out of her home on Euclid St. NW. During this period, her career began to take shape on evenings and weekends in Washington. At the Tivoli Club, she accompanied opera singers at the piano, during intermissions, she would sing blues, folk, and pop standards in a back room, accompanying herself on the piano. Later, she performed several nights a week at the 1520 Club, around this time, her voice teacher, Frederick Wilkie Wilkerson, told her that he saw a brighter future for her in pop music than in the classics. She modified her repertoire accordingly and her reputation spread, Flack began singing professionally after being hired to perform regularly at Mr. Henrys Restaurant, on Capitol Hill, Washington, DC in 1968. Mr. Henry’s was owned by Henry Yaffe and it is still in operation at 6th and Pennsylvania Ave, SE. The atmosphere in Mr. Henry’s was welcoming and the club turned into a showcase for the music teacher. Her voice mesmerized locals and word spread, a-list entertainers who were appearing in town would come in late at night to hear her sing. As Yaffe recalled, “She told me if I could give her work there three nights a week, she would quit teaching. ”To meet Roberta’s exacting standards, Yaffe transformed the apartment above the bar into the Roberta Flack Room. “I got the oak paneling from the old Dodge Hotel near Union Station, I put in heavy upholstered chairs, sort of a conservative style from the 50s and an acoustical system designed especially for Roberta. Les McCann discovered Flack singing and playing jazz in a Washington nightclub and he later said on the liner notes of what would be her first album First Take noted below, Her voice touched, tapped, trapped, and kicked every emotion Ive ever known
3.
Atlantic Studios
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Atlantic Studios was the recording studio of Atlantic Records. Although this recording studio was located at 1841 Broadway, in New York City, Atlantic Recording Studios was initially located at 234 West 56th Street from November 1947 until mid-1956. When the Shorty Rogers and His Giants disc of 33.33 rpm called Martians Come Back. was issued in August 1956, the studio was the first to record in stereo due to the efforts of Tom Dowd. Tom Dowd in the days of Atlantic Records would do recording at the offices. In 1958 Tom Dowd convinced Ampex to sell the second Ampex eight track tape recorder ever manufactured to Atlantic Studios putting Atlantic ahead of other studios for many years, in 1959 Atlantic Records and Atlantic Studios moved to 1841 Broadway. The studios were in the building at 11 West 60th Street. When Atlantic Records moved to 75 Rockefeller Center in the mid 1970s, in the early 1980s the studios expanded to the 3rd floor. Studio A - approximately 50 x 30 x 15, control room 20 x 15, the control room had two generations of MCI consoles, later the Hidley control room had a custom NEVE. Monitors were Altecs, UREIs and Hidleys, tommy Dowd early on installed variable acoustic sound traps that affected both the low frequency absorption and the reverberation time in the studio. Studio B - approximately 30 x 15 x 15, control room 15 x 15, consoles were MCI528 and then NEVE and monitoring was Altecs and then UREIs. Mix Room - approximately 15 x 12, later a new repositioned mix room, consoles were a built-in-house 16 channel passive summing mixer, then original Studio A MCI black console, then a third MCI528 purchased from Criteria Studios and in the new mix room an SSL. Monitoring was Altecs and later in the SSL room, mastering Rooms - Neumann and Scully Disk Cutting systems, and Altec monitoring. Tape Recorders - Ampex, Scully, MCI, Studer, microphones - Neumann, AKG, Sennheiser, Electro-Voice, Sony, Shure, and RCA. Outboard Equipment - Dolby, UREI, Pultec, Lang, Spectra-Sonic, Eventide, Allison Research, Audio & Design, Ltd and Fairchild. Reverberation - An echo chamber was built in the basement of 1841 Broadway but it was used in later years, primarily it was EMT analog. The studios closed in 1991 and Atlantic Records in-house digital and analog production rooms, ahmet Ertegün Nesuhi Ertegün Herb Abramson Chronological list, with album, artist, and recording dates, Splish Splash - Bobby Darin Mr
4.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
5.
R&B
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
6.
Gospel music
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Gospel music is a music genre in Christian music. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music varies according to culture. Gospel music is composed and performed for many purposes, including aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, Gospel music usually has dominant vocals with Christian lyrics. Gospel music can be traced to the early 17th century, with roots in the oral tradition. Hymns and sacred songs were repeated in a call and response fashion, most of the churches relied on hand clapping and foot stomping as rhythmic accompaniment. Most of the singing was done a cappella, the first published use of the term Gospel Song probably appeared in 1874. The original gospel songs were written and composed by such as George F. Root, Philip Bliss, Charles H. Gabriel, William Howard Doane. The advent of radio in the 1920s greatly increased the audience for gospel music, following World War II, gospel music moved into major auditoriums, and gospel music concerts became quite elaborate. Gospel blues is a form of gospel music. Southern gospel used all male, tenor-lead-baritone-bass quartet make-up, progressive Southern gospel is an American music genre that has grown out of Southern gospel over the past couple of decades. Christian country music, sometimes referred to as gospel music, is a subgenre of gospel music with a country flair. It peaked in popularity in the mid-1990s, bluegrass gospel music is rooted in American mountain music. Celtic gospel music infuses gospel music with a Celtic flair, and is popular in countries such as Ireland. British black gospel refers to Gospel music of the African diaspora, some proponents of standard hymns generally dislike gospel music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, with distance, there is a greater acceptance of such gospel songs into official denominational hymnals. Gospel music in general is characterized by dominant vocals referencing lyrics of a Christian nature, subgenres include contemporary gospel, urban contemporary gospel, Southern gospel, and modern gospel music. Several forms of gospel music utilize choirs, use piano or Hammond organ, tambourines, drums, bass guitar and, increasingly, electric guitar. In comparison with hymns, which are generally of a statelier measure, several attempts have been made to describe the style of late 19th and early 20th century gospel songs in general
7.
Atlantic Records
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Atlantic Recording Corporation is an American major record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. In 2004, Atlantic Records and its sister label Elektra Records merged into Atlantic Records Group, craig Kallman is currently the chairman of Atlantic Records. Ahmet Ertegün served as founding chairman until his death on December 14,2006, the brothers had become ardent fans of jazz and rhythm & blues music, amassing a collection of over 15,00078 RPM records. He convinced the family dentist, Dr Vahdi Sabit, to invest $10,000 and recruited Herb Abramson, Abramson had worked as a part-time A&R manager/producer for the jazz label National Records, signing Big Joe Turner and Billy Eckstine. He founded Jubilee Records in 1946, but had no interest in its most successful artists, so, in September 1947, he sold his share in Jubilee to his partner, Jerry Blaine, and invested $2500 in the new Atlantic label. When interviewed in 2009 she attributed her reputation to the companys chronic cash-flow shortage, most of the problems we had with artists were that they wanted advances, and that was very difficult for us. We were undercapitalized for a long time, the labels original office in the Ritz Hotel, Manhattan proved too expensive so they relocated to an $85 per month room in the Hotel Jefferson. In its early years Atlantic focused principally on modern jazz although it released some country and western and spoken word recordings. The union action forced Atlantic to use almost all its capital to cut and stockpile enough recordings to last through the ban, Ertegun and Abramson spent much of the late 1940s and early 1950s scouring nightclubs in search of talent. Ertegun composed many songs under the alias A, in early 1949 a New Orleans distributor phoned Ertegun trying to obtain Stick McGhees Drinking Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee, which was unavailable due to the closure of McGhees previous label. Ertegun knew Sticks younger brother Brownie McGhee, with whom Stick happened to be staying, so he contacted the McGhee brothers, Ertegun asked about artists royalties, which he paid, which surprised Columbia executives, who did not, which scuttled the deal. On the recommendation of broadcaster Willis Conover, Ertegun and Abramson went to see Ruth Brown at the Crystal Caverns club in Washington and she was badly injured in a car accident en route to New York but Atlantic supported her for nine months and then signed her. Her first release for the label So Long, cut at her second Atlantic session on May 25,1949 with the Eddie Condon band, was a major hit, reaching #6 on the R&B chart. Brown went on to more than eighty songs for the label, becoming the most prolific. So significant was Browns success to Atlantics fortunes that the label became known colloquially as The House That Ruth Built. The Clovers Dont You Know I Love You became the labels first R&B #1 in September 1951 and she hit #1 again in March–April 1952 with 5-10-15 Hours. After she left the label in 1961 Browns fortunes declined rapidly - within a few years was reduced to working as a cleaner and bus-driver to support her children. Brown eventually received a payment of $20,000 and founded a charity
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
10.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
11.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
12.
Jimmy Webb
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Jimmy Layne Webb is an American songwriter, composer, and singer. He has written numerous platinum-selling songs, including Up, Up and Away, By the Time I Get to Phoenix, Wichita Lineman, Galveston, The Worst That Could Happen, All I Know, and MacArthur Park. He has had collaborations with Glen Campbell, Michael Feinstein, The 5th Dimension, Art Garfunkel. Carly Simon, Nina Simone, Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, Donna Summer, The Supremes, James Taylor, The Temptations, Dionne Warwick, Webb was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1990. According to BMI, his song By the Time I Get to Phoenix was the third most performed song in the fifty years between 1940 and 1990, Webb is the only artist ever to have received Grammy Awards for music, lyrics, and orchestration. Webb was born on August 15,1946 in Elk City and his father, Robert Lee Webb, was a Baptist minister and former member of the United States Marine Corps who presided over rural churches in southwestern Oklahoma and west Texas. With his mothers encouragement, Webb learned piano and organ, and by the age of 12 was playing in the choir of his fathers churches, accompanied by his father on guitar and his mother on accordion. Webb grew up in a religious home where his father restricted radio listening to country music. During the late 1950s, Webb began applying his creativity to the music he was playing at his fathers church, frequently improvising and rearranging the hymns. He began to write songs at this time, but his musical direction was soon influenced by the new music being played on the radio. In 1961, at the age of 14, he bought his first record, Turn Around, Webb was drawn to the singers distinctive voice. In 1964, Webb and his moved to Southern California. Following the death of his mother in 1965, his father plans to return to Oklahoma. Webb decided to stay in California to continue his music studies, Webb would later recall his father warning him about his musical aspirations, saying, This songwriting thing is going to break your heart. Seeing that his son was determined, however, he gave him $40, saying, Its not much, after transcribing other peoples music for a small music publisher in Hollywood, Webb was signed to a songwriting contract with Jobete Music, the publishing arm of Motown Records. The first commercial recording of a Jimmy Webb song was My Christmas Tree by The Supremes, which appeared on their 1965 Merry Christmas album. The following year, Webb met singer and producer Johnny Rivers, who signed him to a publishing deal and recorded his song By the Time I Get to Phoenix on his 1966 album Changes. In 1967, Rivers released Rewind, an album featuring seven Jimmy Webb songs, including Do What You Gotta Do and Tunesmith and that same year, Rivers turned to Webb for material for a new group Rivers was producing called The 5th Dimension
13.
Just Like a Woman
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Just Like a Woman is a song written by Bob Dylan and first released on his 1966 album, Blonde on Blonde. It was also released as a single in the U. S. during August 1966, in 2011, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Dylans version of the song at #232 in their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In the album notes of his 1985 compilation, Biograph, Dylan claimed that he wrote the lyrics of song in Kansas City on Thanksgiving Day, November 25,1965. Dylan was initially unsure what the person described in the song does that is just like a woman, rejecting shakes, wakes, the improvisational spirit extends to the band attempting, in their fourth take, a weird, double-time version, somewhere between Jamaican ska and Bo Diddley. The first draft has a complete first verse, a couplet from the second verse. There is no trace of the chorus of the song, in successive drafts, Dylan added sporadic lines to these verses, without ever writing out the chorus. Kooper has explained that he would play piano for Dylan in his room, to aid the song-writing process. The song features a melody, backed by delicately picked nylon-string guitar and piano instrumentation. Although Dylans regular guitar sideman, Robbie Robertson, was present at the recording session and this exploration of female wiles and feminine vulnerability was widely rumored—not least by her acquaintances among Andy Warhols Factory retinue—to be about Edie Sedgwick. The reference to Babys penchant for fog, amphetamine and pearls suggests Sedgwick or some similar debutante, Just Like a Woman has also been rumored to have been written about Dylans relationship with fellow folk singer Joan Baez. 1, The Essential Bob Dylan, and Dylan, Dylan performed the song at George Harrison and Ravi Shankars Concert for Bangladesh in 1971 and consequently, a recording of the performance is featured on the Concert for Bangladesh album. The song has been criticized for supposed misogyny in its lyrics, alan Rinzler, in his book Bob Dylan, The Illustrated Record, describes the song as a devastating character assassination. the most sardonic, nastiest of all Dylans putdowns of former lovers. Dylan biographer Robert Shelton noted that the title is a male platitude that justifiably angers women, although Shelton believed that Dylan is ironically toying with that platitude. He further comments on Dylans singing by saying that never a moment in the song, despite the little digs and the confessions of pain. Williams also contends that a theme of the song is the power that the woman described in the lyrics has over Dylan, as evidenced by the lines I was hungry. Bill Janovitz, in his Allmusic review, has noted that in the context of the song, Dylan seems on the defensive. as if he has been accused of causing the womans breakdown. But he takes some of the blame as well, he was taken by the woman at first, but apparently matured a little and saw through her fog, her amphetamine. Janovitz concludes by noting that It is certainly not misogynist to look at a relationship from the point of view of one of those involved
14.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
15.
Donny Hathaway
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Donny Edward Hathaway was an American jazz, blues, soul and gospel singer, songwriter, arranger and pianist. Hathaway signed with Atlantic Records in 1969 and with his first single for the Atco label, The Ghetto, in early 1970, where Is the Love won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1973. At the height of his career Hathaway was diagnosed with schizophrenia and was known to not take his prescribed medication regularly enough to properly control his symptoms. On January 13,1979, Hathaways body was found outside the luxury hotel Essex House in New York City, his death was ruled a suicide. Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born in Chicago but raised with his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, Hathaway began singing in a church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three and studying piano. He graduated from Vashon High School in 1963, Hathaway then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University in Washington, D. C. where he met close friend Roberta Flack. At Howard, he was also a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, Hathaway formed a jazz trio with drummer Ric Powell while there but during 1967 left Howard just before completing a degree, after receiving job offers in the music business. Hathaway worked as songwriter, session musician and producer for Curtis Mayfields Curtom Records in Chicago and he did the arrangements for hits by the Unifics and took part in projects by the Staple Singers, Jerry Butler, Aretha Franklin, the Impressions and Curtis Mayfield himself. After becoming a producer at Curtom, he also started recording there. Hathaway recorded his first single under his own name in 1969 and they also recorded the duet Just Another Reason, released as the b-side. That year, Hathaway signed to Atco Records, then a division of Atlantic Records and he released his first single of note, The Ghetto, Pt.1, which he co-wrote with former Howard roommate Leroy Hutson, who became a performer, writer and producer with Curtom. The track appeared the year on his critically acclaimed debut LP, Everything Is Everything. His second LP, Donny Hathaway, consisted mostly of covers of pop, soul. His third album Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway was an album of duets with former Howard University associate and label mate Roberta Flack that established him and it sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA on September 5,1972. The album also included a number of covers, including versions of Carole Kings Youve Got a Friend, Baby I Love You, originally a hit for Aretha Franklin. Perhaps Hathaways most influential recording is his 1972 album, Live, the album can also be found on the British online music and culture magazine The Quietus list of 40 Favourite Live Albums. It was recorded at two concerts, side one at The Troubadour in Hollywood, and side two at The Bitter End in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, Donny Hathaway is also known as the co-composer and performer of the Christmas standard, This Christmas. The song, released in 1970, has become a staple and is often used in movies, television
16.
Curtis Mayfield
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Curtis Lee Mayfield was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, and one of the most influential musicians behind soul and politically conscious African-American music. He first achieved success and recognition with the Impressions during the Civil Rights Movement of the late 1950s and 1960s, born in Chicago, Illinois, Mayfield started his musical career in a gospel choir. Moving to the North Side he met Jerry Butler in 1956 at the age of 14, as a songwriter, Mayfield became noted as one of the first musicians to bring more prevalent themes of social awareness into soul music. In 1965, he wrote People Get Ready for the Impressions, after leaving the Impressions in 1970 in the pursuit of a solo career, Mayfield released several albums, including the soundtrack for the blaxploitation film Super Fly in 1972. The soundtrack was noted for its socially conscious themes, mostly addressing problems surrounding inner city minorities such as crime, poverty, the album was ranked at no.72 on Rolling Stones list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Mayfield was paralyzed from the neck down after lighting equipment fell on him during a performance at Wingate Field in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York. Despite this, he continued his career as a recording artist and he was also a two-time Grammy Hall of Fame inductee. He died from complications of type 2 diabetes in 1999 at the age of 57, Curtis Mayfield was born on June 3,1942, in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Marion Washington and Kenneth Mayfield and grew up one of five children in an impoverished family. Mayfields father left the family when Curtis was five, his mother moved the family into various Chicago projects before settling at Cabrini–Green when he reached his teenage years, Mayfield attended Wells Community Academy High School until dropping out his sophomore year. When he was 14 years old he formed the Alphatones when the Northern Jubilee Gospel Singers decided to try their luck in the heart of Chicago. Fellow group member Gooden was quote It would have nice to have him there with us. When he was 14 he joined his school friend Jerry Butlers group the Roosters in 1956, with Arthur and he wrote and composed for this group who would become the Impressions two years later. Mayfields career began in 1956 when he joined the Roosters with Arthur and Richard Brooks, two years later the Roosters, now including Sam Gooden, became the Impressions. The band had two hit singles with Butler, For Your Precious Love and Come Back My Love, then Butler left. Butler was replaced by Fred Cash, a returning original Roosters member, and Mayfield became lead singer, frequently composing for the band, starting with Gypsy Woman, a Top 20 Pop hit. Their hit Amen, a version of an old gospel tune, was included in the soundtrack of the 1963 United Artists film Lilies of the Field. Mayfields Were a Winner was their last major hit for ABC. Mayfield was a prolific songwriter in Chicago even outside his work for the Impressions, writing and producing scores of hits for many other artists. He also owned the Mayfield and Windy C labels which were distributed by Cameo-Parkway, among Mayfields greatest songwriting successes were three hits that he wrote for Jerry Butler on Vee Jay
17.
Buffy Sainte-Marie
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Buffy Sainte-Marie, OC is a Native Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, composer, visual artist, educator, pacifist, and social activist. Throughout her career in all of areas, her work has focused on issues of indigenous peoples of the Americas. Her singing and writing also includes subjects of love, war, religion. In 1997 she founded the Cradleboard Teaching Project, an educational curriculum devoted to better understanding Native Americans and she has won recognition and many awards and honours for both her music and her work in education and social activism. Buffy Sainte-Marie was born in 1941 on the Piapot Plains Cree First Nation Reserve in the QuAppelle Valley, Saskatchewan and she was later adopted, growing up in Massachusetts, with parents Albert and Winifred Sainte-Marie. She attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst, earning degrees in teaching and Oriental philosophy and she went on to earn a Ph. D in Fine Art from the University of Massachusetts. In 1968 she married surfing teacher Dewain Bugbee of Hawaii, they divorced in 1971 and she married Sheldon Wolfchild from Minnesota in 1975, they have a son, Dakota Cody Starblanket Wolfchild. That union also ended in divorce and she married her co-writer for Up Where We Belong, Jack Nitzsche, on March 19,1982. He died from an attack on August 25,2000. As of 2007, she lives in Hawaii, in 1992, she appeared in the musical event prelude to the Baháí World Congress, a double concert Live Unity, The Sound of the World in 1992 with video broadcast and documentary. In the video documentary of the event Sainte-Marie is seen on the Dini Petty Show explaining the Baháí teaching of progressive revelation and she also appears in the 1985 video Mona With The Children by Douglas John Cameron. However, while she supports a universal sense of religion, she does not subscribe to any particular religion. I gave a lot of support to Baháí people in the 80s and 90s … Baháí people, … I have a huge religious faith or spiritual faith but I feel as though religion … is the first thing that racketeers exploit. … But that doesnt turn me against religion … Sainte-Marie played piano and guitar, self-taught, in her childhood, in college some of her songs, Ananias, the Indian lament, Now That the Buffalos Gone and Mayoo Sto Hoon were already in her repertoire. Also in 1963, she witnessed wounded soldiers returning from Vietnam at a time when the U. S and she was subsequently named Billboard Magazines Best New Artist. Some of her songs such as Now That The Buffalos Gone, in 1967, she released Fire and Fleet and Candlelight, which contained her interpretation of the traditional Yorkshire dialect song Lyke Wake Dirge. Sainte-Maries other well-known songs include Mister Cant You See, Hes an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo, in the late 1960s, she used a Buchla synthesizer to record the album Illuminations, which did not receive much notice. It was the first totally quadraphonic electronic vocal album ever, in late 1975, Sainte Marie received a phone call from Sesame Street producer Dulcy Singer to appear on the show for a one-shot guest appearance
18.
The Impossible Dream (The Quest)
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The Impossible Dream is a popular song composed by Mitch Leigh, with lyrics written by Joe Darion. The song is the most popular song from the 1965 Broadway musical Man of La Mancha and is featured in the 1972 film of the same name starring Peter OToole. The song is all the way through once in the musical by Don Quixote as he stands vigil over his armor. It was awarded the Contemporary Classics Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. S, Kennedys long shot campaign for the presidency in 1968, Senator George McGovern introduced him before a South Dakota stump speech by quoting from The Impossible Dream. Afterwards Kennedy questioned McGovern whether he thought it was impossible. McGovern replied, No, I dont think its impossible, wanted the audience to understand its worth making the effort, whether you win or lose. Kennedy replied, Well, thats what I think and it was actually Robert Kennedys favorite song, and Andy Williams, who recorded the song, was one of Kennedys close friends. The song was also a favorite of younger brother Ted Kennedy and was performed by Brian Stokes Mitchell at his service in 2009. The song was a favorite of Philippine hero Evelio Javier, the governor of the province of Antique in the Philippines. Every year, Javier is remembered on Evelio Javier Day and the song is featured, the songs lyrics are written in brass on a monument in the plaza where he was shot. List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1966 Jim Nabors singing The Impossible Dream on YouTube on the Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C
19.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
20.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
21.
Eumir Deodato
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Mainly, his records can be categorized as pop, jazz or crossover jazz. His successes as a keyboard player occurred mainly in the 1970s, since then, he has produced or arranged music on more than 500 albums for acts ranging from Kool and the Gang to Björk, Christophe and k. d. lang. His daughter, Kennya Deodato, is married to American actor Stephen Baldwin, Deodato was born in Rio de Janeiro to Italian and Portuguese parents. He is an autodidact, starting with the accordion at age 12. His first album in the US, Prelude, released in January 1973, was of a big band Latin jazz style that attracted a wide audience. The album was produced by Creed Taylor on his CTI label, the nine-minute crossover jazz version of Richard Strauss Also Sprach Zarathustra, entitled Also Sprach Zarathustra, won the 1974 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. It went to No.2 in the pop charts in the US, No.3 in Canada, the album climbed to No.3 in the Billboard chart, the labels best-selling album and an amazing sales achievement for a jazz-based release. It was subsequently used to effect in the 1979 film Being There, starring Peter Sellers. It has also covered extensively by the rock band Phish in their live performances. 41 on the Hot 100 in 1973 and his early career records used guitarist John Tropea and jazz fusion flautist Hubert Laws. He was also known for utilizing the piano sound of the Fender Rhodes Eighty-Eight. In 1982 he released a track called Keep on Movin from the LP Happy Hour. He continued recording until the late 1980s on the Warner Brothers label, fire In The Sky and Are You For Real, were Top 20 Billboard Dance hits in 1985. Deodato has been in demand as a producer and arranger since the 1960s, in all, he has worked on more than 500 albums,15 of which have reached platinum. Deodato had previously worked on Björks song Isobel, making a mix which was released on her album Telegram, produced by Björk, Nellee Hooper, Tricky, Howie B. He has also written scores for a number of films, including The Gentle Rain, The Black Pearl, in 2007 Deodato co-produced the single called Paris, Tokyo which is on the album Lupe Fiascos The Cool. He also recorded an album in Rio in 2007 called Eumir Deodato Trio – ao vivo no Rio. In 2010, Deodato released the CD, The Crossing, produced by him in cooperation with Lino Nicolosi, Pino Nicolosi and Nicolosi productions, with guest Al Jarreau
22.
Eric Gale
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Eric J. Gale was a leading American jazz and session guitarist. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Gale began playing guitar at the age of 12 and he soon began to attract the attention of King Curtis and Jimmy Smith, who began recommending him for studio work. He became known first as a musician in the 1960s. He also had played in Aretha Franklins stage band, Gale died of lung cancer in May 1994, at the age of 55
23.
King Curtis
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Curtis Ousley, who performed under the stage name King Curtis, was an American saxophone virtuoso known for rhythm and blues, rock and roll, soul, blues, funk and soul jazz. Variously a bandleader, band member, and session musician, he was also a musical director, the son of Ethel Montgomery, he was born Curtis Montgomery in Fort Worth, Texas, and was adopted, with his sister Josephine, by Josie and William Ousley. Curtis Ousley attended I. M. Terrell High School, Curtis started playing saxophone at the age of twelve in the Fort Worth area. He took interest in musical genres including jazz, rhythm and blues. As a student pursuing music, he turned down college scholarships in order to join the Lionel Hampton Band, during his time with Hampton, he was able to write and arrange music and learn guitar. In 1952 Curtis decided to move to New York and became a musician, recording for such labels as Prestige, Enjoy, Capitol. He recorded with Nat Adderley, Wynton Kelly, Buddy Holly, Waylon Jennings, stylistically, Curtis took inspiration from saxophonists Lester Young, Louis Jordan, Illinois Jacquet, Earl Bostic, and Gene Ammons. Known for his syncopated and percussive style, he was versatile and powerful as a musician. He put together a group during his time as a musician that included Richard Tee, Cornell Dupree, Jerry Jemmott. Curtis enjoyed playing both jazz and rhythm and blues but decided he would make money as a rhythm. In a 1971 interview with Charlie Gillett he said, I love the authentic rhythm and blues more than anything, Buddy Holly hired him for session work, during which they recorded Reminiscing. Holly wrote this song, but gave Curtis the songwriting credit for flying down to the session and his best-known singles from this period are Soul Twist — his highest-charting single, reaching number one on the R&B chart and number 17 on the Billboard pop chart — and Soul Serenade. He provided backing on a number of songs for LaVern Baker, including her 1958 hit single I Cried a Tear, in 1965 he moved to Atlantic Records and recorded his most successful singles, Memphis Soul Stew and Ode to Billie Joe. He worked with The Coasters, and led Aretha Franklins backing band the Kingpins, the Kingpins opened for the Beatles during their 1965 performance at Shea Stadium. Curtis produced records, often working with Jerry Wexler and recorded for Groove Records during this period, including the Joe South song Games People Play with guitarist Duane Allman. In March 1971 he appeared with Aretha Franklin and the Kingpins at the Fillmore West, in July 1971, Curtis recorded saxophone solos on Its So Hard and I Dont Wanna Be a Soldier from John Lennons Imagine. Along with the Rimshots, he recorded the theme song for the 1971 hit television show Soul Train. On June 17,1971 Curtis played at the Montreux Jazz Festival, in the Casino Kursaal, with Champion Jack Dupree, backed by Cornell Dupree on guitar, Jerry Jemmott on bass and Oliver Jackson on drums
24.
Frank Wess
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Frank Wellington Wess was an American jazz saxophonist and flautist. In addition to his solo work, Wess is remembered for his time in Count Basies band from the early 1950s into the 60s. Critic Scott Yannow described him as one of the premier proteges of Lester Young, Wess was born in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of a principal father and a schoolteacher mother. He began with classical training and played in Oklahoma in high school. He later switched to jazz on moving to Washington, D. C. and his career was interrupted by World War II although he did play with a military band in the period. After leaving the military, he joined Billy Eckstines orchestra and he returned to Washington D. C. a few years afterwards and received a degree in flute at the citys Modern School of Music. He played tenor sax with Count Basie from 1953 to 1964, Wess was considered one of the best jazz flautists of his time. From 1959 to 1964, he won the Down Beat magazine critics poll for flute and he was a member of Clark Terrys big band from 1967 into the 1970s and played in the New York Jazz Quartet. He also did a variety of work for TV, in 1968 he contributed to the album The Jazz Composers Orchestra. He played tenor and alto sax, doubling on flute throughout his career, in the 2000s, Wess released two albums with Hank Jones. In 2007, Wess was named an NEA Jazz Master by the U. S. National Endowment for the Arts, Wess died from a heart attack related to kidney failure on October 30,2013. Flutes & Reeds Opus in Swing North, South, East. Wess Jazz for Playboys Wheelin & Dealin Opus De Blues The Frank Wess Quartet Southern Comfort Yo Ho. Count Basie Plays, Joe Williams Sings Standards with Joe Williams Metronome All-Stars 1956 with Ella Fitzgerald, the Count Meets the Duke The Legend Back with Basie Basie in Sweden On My Way & Shoutin Again. More Hits of the 50s and 60s Ella and Basie, with Kenny Clarke Telefunken Blues With Hank Crawford Mr. J. Johnson Broadway Express With Elvin Jones Elvin. And Then Again Time Capsule With Quincy Jones The Birth of a Band, K. Salim Flute Suite with Herbie Mann With Woody Shaw Rosewood With Zoot Sims Passion Flower, Zoot Sims Plays Duke Ellington With Melvin Sparks Akilah
25.
Hubert Laws
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Hubert Laws is an American flutist and saxophonist with a career spanning over 40 years in jazz, classical, and other music genres. After Eric Dolphy and alongside Herbie Mann, Laws is probably the most recognized and respected jazz flutist, Laws is one of the few classical artists who has also mastered jazz, pop, and rhythm-and-blues genres, moving effortlessly from one repertory to another. Hubert Laws, Jr. was born November 10,1939, in the Studewood section of Houston, Texas, many of his siblings also entered the music industry, including saxophonist Ronnie and vocalists Eloise, Debra and Johnnie Laws. He began playing flute in high school after volunteering to substitute for the orchestras regular flutist. He became adept at jazz improvisation by playing in the Houston-area jazz group the Swingsters, which evolved into the Modern Jazz Sextet, the Night Hawks. At age 15, he was a member of the early Jazz Crusaders while in Texas and he would return to this genre in 1976 with a recording of Tchaikovskys Romeo and Juliet. He appeared on albums by Ashford & Simpson, Chet Baker, George Benson and he recorded with his younger brother Ronnie on the album The Laws in the early 1970s. He played flute on Gil Scott-Herons 1971 album Pieces of a Man, during the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet. He can also be heard playing tenor saxophone on some records from the 1970s, in the 1990s Laws resumed his career, playing on the 1991 Spirituals in Concert recording by opera singers Kathleen Battle and Jessye Norman. He also recorded an album to jazz pianist and pop-music vocalist Nat King Cole, Hubert Laws Remembers the Unforgettable Nat King Cole. In June 2010, Laws received an achievement award from the National Endowment for the Arts in the field of jazz. Laws is a recipient of the 2011 NEA Jazz Masters Award
26.
Killing Me Softly (Roberta Flack album)
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Killing Me Softly is a studio album by American singer-songwriter Roberta Flack, released on August 1,1973, by Atlantic Records. She recorded the album with producer Joel Dorn for 18 months, Killing Me Softly reached number three on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape and number two on the Soul LPs chart. The Recording Industry Association of America certified the album gold on August 27,1973 and it was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year, which it lost to Stevie Wonders 1973 album Innervisions. The albums title track was released as a single and topped the Billboard Hot 100 and it won the 1974 Grammy Award for Record of the Year. In a contemporary review for the Chicago Tribune, Clarence Page said Killing Me Softly has a hit title track and other potential hits, adding up to one of better albums. John S. Wilson, writing in The New York Times, felt that Flack, in a retrospective review, The Rolling Stone Album Guide gave the record two-and-a-half out of five stars and found its music inocuous. Killing Me Softly with His Song 4,49 Jesse 4,03 No Tears 4,56 Im the Girl 4,55 River 5,03 Conversation Love 3,43 When You Smile 3,44 Suzanne 9,44 Credits are adapted from AllMusic
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