Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart making him the grandson of James VII and II, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1766 as Charles III. During his lifetime, he was also known as "the Young Pretender" and "the Young Chevalier"; in popular memory, he is known as Bonnie Prince Charlie.
Charles Edward Stuart by Allan Ramsay, painted at Holyrood Palace, late autumn 1745
Portrait by William Mosman
Charles Edward as the Jacobite leader (a painting in Traquair House, attributed to the circle of Louis Tocqué)
A 1907 illustration of Prince Charles seen on the battlefield
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart, nicknamed the Old Pretender by Whigs and the King over the Water by Jacobites, was the son of King James VII and II of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena. He was Prince of Wales from July 1688 until, just months after his birth, his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. James II's Protestant elder daughter Mary II and her husband William III became co-monarchs. The Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Settlement 1701 excluded Catholics such as James from the English and British thrones.
Portrait from the studio of Alexis Simon Belle, c. 1712
James Francis Edward as Prince of Wales, after a painting by Nicolas de Largillière
James Francis Edward, about 1703, portrait in the Royal Collection attributed to Alexis Simon Belle
The Old Pretender lands in Scotland after Sheriffmuir. An 18th-century engraving.