1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
2.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
3.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
4.
William Randolph Hearst
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Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887 after being given control of The San Francisco Examiner by his wealthy father. Acquiring more newspapers, Hearst created a chain that numbered nearly 30 papers in major American cities at its peak and he later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world. Politically he espoused the Progressive Movement, speaking on behalf of the working class and he controlled the editorial positions and coverage of political news in all his papers and magazines and thereby exercised enormous political influence. He also called for war in 1898 against Spain—as did many other newspaper editors—but he did it in sensational fashion, after 1918, he called for an isolationist foreign policy to avoid any more entanglement in what he regarded as corrupt European affairs. He was at once a militant nationalist, a fierce anti-communist, and deeply suspicious of the League of Nations and of the British, French, Japanese, and Russians. He was a supporter of Franklin Roosevelt in 1932–34, but then broke with FDR. His life story was the inspiration for Charles Foster Kane. His famous mansion, Hearst Castle, on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean near San Simeon, is now a State Historical Monument and a National Historic Landmark. William R. Hearst was born in San Francisco, to mining engineer, goldmine owner and U. S. senator George Hearst. His paternal great-grandfather was John Hearst, of Ulster Protestant origin and he migrated to America from Ballybay, County Monaghan as part of the Cahans Exodus with his wife and six children in 1766 and settled in South Carolina. Their immigration to South Carolina was spurred in part by the governments policy that encouraged the immigration of Irish Protestants. The names John Hearse and John Hearse Jr, the Hearse spelling of the family name never was used afterward by the family members themselves, or any family of any size. Hearsts mother, née Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson, was also of Irish ancestry and she was the first woman regent of University of California, Berkeley, funded many anthropological expeditions and founded the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology. Following preparation at St. Pauls School in Concord, New Hampshire, while there he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the A. D. Searching for an occupation, in 1887, Hearst took over management of a newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, a self-proclaimed populist, Hearst went on to publish stories of municipal and financial corruption, often attacking companies in which his own family held an interest. Within a few years, his paper dominated the San Francisco market, outcault, the inventor of color comics, and all of Pulitzers Sunday staff as well. Another prominent hire was James J. Montague, who came from the Portland Oregonian, Hearst imported his best managers from the San Francisco Examiner and quickly established himself as the most attractive employer among New York newspapers. Hearsts activist approach to journalism can be summarized by the motto, While others Talk, the New York Journal and its chief rival, the New York World, mastered a style of popular journalism that came to be derided as yellow journalism, after Outcaults Yellow Kid comic
5.
James Keeley
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James Keeley was an American newspaper editor and publisher. He served as managing editor of the Chicago Tribune from 1898 to 1914, Keeley was born in London, England. His mother was a teacher who had deserted by her husband. He immigrated to the United States on his own, settling in Kansas at age 16 and his career in the newspaper business started as a correspondent for the Kansas City Times. He also worked at a number of papers and by the late 1880s was at the Chicago Tribune, rising to the positions of managing editor. He served as Dean of the school of journalism at the University of Notre Dame, in South Bend, Indiana and he was also known for lobbying for a sane Fourth of July to stop fireworks deaths, and for tracking down fugitive Chicago bank president Paul O. Stensland. In 1914, Keeley bought two papers, the Chicago Record Herald and Chicago Inter Ocean, and named the paper the Chicago Herald. The Herald was bought by William Randolph Hearsts Chicago Examiner in 1918, Keeley also did war reporting from Europe during World War I. Keeley also was a vice-president of the Pullman Company in the 1920s, Keeley died at his home in Lake Forest, Illinois on June 7,1934, after being ill since January with heart disease. His wife, a newspaper writer in Boston and for the Tribune whom he married in 1895. Their daughter Dorothy Aldis was an author and poet. James Keeley papers, 1895-1937 Linn, James Weber
6.
Chicago Inter Ocean
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The Chicago Inter Ocean, also known as the Chicago Inter-Ocean, is the name used for most of its history for a newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois, from 1865 until 1914. Its editors included Charles A. Dana and Byron Andrews, the history of the Inter Ocean can be traced back to 1865 with the founding of the Chicago Republican, a partisan newspaper that supported the Republican party. William Penn Nixon became president of the Inter-Ocean in 1876 and remained there, also as editor-in-chief, with the building of transcontinental railroads, it was possible to deliver periodical newspapers by mail throughout the central and western U. S. The growth of newspapers printed on inexpensive newsprint in the 1890s led to another upheaval in the newspaper industry. Many non-Chicago subscribers to the Inter Ocean no longer needed the weekly paper, the weakened paper fell in 1895 into the hands of Charles Yerkes, the notorious Chicago streetcar boss, who returned the newspaper to the partisan, subordinate role it had fulfilled in its youth. George Wheeler Hinman bought a controlling interest in the paper in 1906, the paper stopped publication in 1914. Readers decided that Keeleys new consolidated newspaper should be named The Chicago Herald and this further consolidation created the Chicago Herald-Examiner. The Inter Ocean was published in three locations during its career, from 1873 to 1880, it stood at 119 Lake Street, and from 1880 to 1890 it stood at 85 West Madison. The Inter-Ocean Building sat on the northwest corner of Madison and Dearborn in Chicago’s Loop, the then-famous clock-spire — with its steep hip roof and its strings of colored lights — singled out this building from its fellows in the block. The clock-tower was removed sometime before the building’s demolition, the Inter-Ocean Building was converted into the Hotel Grant sometime around 1895, when the Inter-Ocean newspaper fell on hard times. It was considered a second-class Chicago hotel, the building was razed in either 1940 or 1941. Its replacement sat there until 1981, when a new skyscraper was built on the site — Three First National Plaza
7.
Tri-State Tornado
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The Tri-State Tornado of Wednesday, March 18,1925 was the deadliest tornado in U. S. history. It was also the most exceptional tornado of an outbreak of at least twelve known significant tornadoes across a large portion of the Midwestern and Southern U. S. It alone inflicted 695 fatalities, more than twice as many as the second deadliest, the 151 to 235 mi track left by the tornado was the longest ever recorded in the world as it crossed from southeastern Missouri, through southern Illinois, then into southwestern Indiana. Although not officially rated by NOAA, it is recognized by most experts as an F5 tornado, the maximum damage rating issued on the Fujita scale. The tornado was part of a tornado outbreak with several other destructive tornadoes the same day in Tennessee, Kentucky. Including additional tornadoes that day, at least 747 people were killed and this makes the Tri-State Outbreak the deadliest tornado outbreak, March 18 the deadliest tornado day, and 1925 the deadliest tornado year in U. S. history. There were undoubtedly other less impactful tornadoes, the occurrences of which have been lost to history and it was a widespread outbreak with severe thunderstorms occurring as far east as Ohio, as far southwest as Louisiana and as far southeast as Georgia. Strong thunderstorms were reported in a area that also included parts of Oklahoma, Michigan, Ontario, Pennsylvania. Numerous reports of hail and straight-line wind were reported with up to 4.5 in diameter hail recorded, what began in early-mid afternoon as discrete supercell thunderstorms eventually consolidated into a potent squall line. The late winter to spring of 1925 was warmer and drier than normal over much of the central United States. There apparently was persistent ridging in the western US with a pattern over the central US. The extratropical cyclone that would set the stage for the outbreak was centered over northwestern Montana at 7 am CST on March 17. Meanwhile, an area of surface low pressure was centered near Denver. Occluded fronts lay from Hudson Bay southwestward into the northern Plains states, the synoptic cyclone moved south-southeastward across the mountain states to eastern Colorado. A warm front stretched along the Gulf Coast, separating warm, a well-mixed early season continental tropical air mass existed over West Texas and northern New Mexico. To the east of this hot, dry air, buoyant maritime tropical air was advecting from the Gulf of Mexico. At 7 am on March 18, the surface area at ≈1,003 hPa moved to far northeastern Oklahoma. A maritime Polar cold front draped southwestward across eastern Texas with a dry line forming due south of the low, several weak pressure troughs were traversing the cool sector over the north-central US
8.
Organized crime
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Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are politically motivated. Sometimes criminal organizations force people to do business with them, such as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for so-called protection, gangs may become disciplined enough to be considered organized. A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as a mafia, mob, or crime syndicate, European sociologists define the mafia as a type of organized crime group that specializes in the supply of extra-legal protection and quasi law enforcement. There is a tendency to distinguish organized crime from other forms of crime, such as crime, financial crimes, political crimes, war crime, state crimes. This distinction is not always apparent and academics continue to debate the matter, for example, in failed states that can no longer perform basic functions such as education, security, or governance, organised crime, governance and war sometimes complement each other. The term Oligarchy has been used to describe democratic countries whose political, social and economic institutions come under the control of a few families, in the United States, the Organized Crime Control Act defines organized crime as he unlawful activities of a highly organized, disciplined association. Criminal activity as a process is referred to as racketeering. In the UK, police estimate that organized crime involves up to 38,000 people operating in 6,000 various groups, bureaucratic/corporate organized crime groups are defined by the general rigidity of their internal structures. An estimate on youth street gangs nationwide provided by Hannigan, et al. marked an increase of 35% between 2002 and 2010, the term “street gang” is commonly used interchangeably with “youth gang, ” referring to neighborhood or street-based youth groups that meet “gang” criteria. Some reasons youth join gangs include to feel accepted, attain status, a sense of unity brings together many of the youth gangs that lack the family aspect at home. Zones of transition are deteriorating neighborhoods with shifting populations, in such areas, conflict between groups, fighting, turf wars, and theft promote solidarity and cohesion. Participation in gang-related events during adolescence perpetuate a pattern of maltreatment on their own children years later, klein like Spergel studied the effects on members of social workers’ interventions. More interventions actually lead to greater participation and solidarity and bonds between members. Downes and Rock on Parker’s analysis, strain theory applies, labeling theory, control theory and these may also be defined by age or peer group influences, and the permanence or consistency of their criminal activity. These groups also form their own identity or public representation which are recognizable by the community at large. Some studied street gangs involved in drug dealing - finding that their structure, members saw themselves as organized criminals, gangs were formal-rational organizations, Strong organizational structures, well defined roles and rules that guided members’ behavior. Also a specified and regular means of income, padilla agreed with the two above. However some have found these to be rather than well-defined and lacking persistent focus, there was relatively low cohesion, few shared goals
9.
Dean O'Banion
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Charles Dean OBanion was an American mobster who was the main rival of Johnny Torrio and Al Capone during the brutal Chicago bootlegging wars of the 1920s. The newspapers of his day made him known as Dion OBanion. He led the North Side Gang until 1924, when he was murdered, reportedly by Frankie Yale, John Scalise, OBanion was born to Irish Catholic parents in the small town of Maroa in Central Illinois. The OBanion family moved to Aurora, Illinois, when Dean was a small child, in 1901, after his mothers death, he moved to Chicago with his father and older brother. The family settled in Kilgubbin, otherwise known as, Little Hell, as a youngster, Deanie, as he became known, sang in the church choir at Chicagos Holy Name Cathedral. However, neither music nor religion held OBanions interest, instead the street life of Kilgubbin caught his eye, an early nickname for OBanion was Gimpy due to his short left leg, but few people had enough nerve to call him that. The shorter leg was said to be the result of a streetcar accident. OBanion and his friends joined the Market Street Gang, which specialized in theft, the boys later became sluggers, thugs hired by a newspaper to beat newsstand owners who did not sell the paper. The Market Street Gang started out working for the Chicago Tribune, however, they later switched to the rival Chicago Examiner due to a more attractive offer from newspaper boss Moses Annenberg. Through Annenberg, the gang met safecracker Charles The Ox Reiser, in 1909, OBanion was arrested first for safecracking and then for assault. These were the only times OBanion ever spent in a correctional institution, OBanion worked as a waiter at McGoverns Liberty Inn, where each evening he would delight patrons with his beautiful Irish tenor voice as his pals were picking pockets in the coatroom. OBanion also drugged his patrons drinks, known then as slipping a Mickey Finn, when the drunk patrons left the club, OBanion and his pals would rob them. The gang also met the political bosses of the 42nd and 43rd wards through Annenberg, with the onset of Prohibition in 1920, OBanion started a bootlegging operation. He arranged for beer suppliers in Canada to start shipments immediately, OBanion pioneered Chicagos first liquor hijacking on December 19,1921. He and the lads of Kilgubbin quickly eliminated all their competition, the OBanion mob, known as the North Side Gang, now ruled the North Side and the Gold Coast, the wealthy area of Chicago situated on the northern lakefront of Lake Michigan. As OBanions name grew in the underworld, he attracted followers, including Samuel Nails Morton, Louis Two Gun Alterie. At the height of his power, OBanion was supposedly making about $1 million a year on liquor, during one famous caper, OBanion and his men stole over $100,000 worth of Canadian whiskey from the West Side railroad yards. In another famous robbery, OBanion looted the padlocked Sibly Distillery, in 1921, OBanion married Viola Kaniff and bought an interest in William Schofields River North flower shop, near the corner of West Chicago Avenue and North State Street
10.
Vincent Drucci
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Vincent Drucci, also known as The Schemer, was an Sicilian-American mobster during Chicagos Prohibition era who was a member of the North Side Gang, Al Capones best known rivals. A friend of Dean OBanion, Drucci succeeded him by becoming co-leader and he is one of the only US organized crime boss to have been killed by a policeman. Born in Chicago, Illinois to Sicilian parents, after serving in the U, Drucci, whose practical jokes included making salacious comments to couples on the street while dressed as a priest, performed in a 1923 pornographic film called Bobs Hot Story. OBanion at first tried to get Torrio to rein in the Gennas, when Torrio failed to do so, OBanion started hijacking the Gennas shipments. The North Side gang then moved against the Gennas and the South Side gang, South Side gunmen killed OBanion in his Chicago floral shop. The leadership fell to Hymie Weiss, who initiated a string of attacks on the Gennas. On January 25,1925, Drucci, Weiss, and Moran ambushed Torrios bodyguard-lieutenant, Al Capone, shooting up his car, on January 27, Drucci and the two other North Siders ambushed Torrio while he was shopping with his wife. While severely wounded, Torrio survived the attack, at one point, police brought Drucci and Weiss to Torrios hospital bedside, but Torrio refused to identify them as the shooters. After his recovery and a jail term, Torrio relinquished control of the South Side Gang to Capone. On May 25, Drucci, Weiss, and Moran killed South Side ally Angelo Genna, on July 8, Drucci and a second gunman murdered Anthony Genna. On November 13, they murdered Genna gunman Samuzzo Amatuna in a barber shop, the owner of his favorite restaurant was also kidnapped and murdered, and Capone began referring to Drucci as the bedbug. On August 10,1926, Drucci and Weiss were ambushed by Capone gunmen on a Chicago street, five days later, Drucci and Weiss exchanged shots with Capones men in a re-run assassination attempt at the same location. On October 11, Capones men killed Weiss outside the Holy Name Cathedral as he walked from his car to the gangs headquarters, Drucci and Moran now assumed leadership of the North Side Gang. After Weiss shooting, Drucci and Moran attended a conference with all the Chicago gangs. Although Moran wanted to keep fighting, Drucci persuaded him to accept a ceasefire, in 1927 William Hale Thompson at the head of his powerful Cook County machine that included strong support among African American districts, attempted to return as mayor. Thompsons campaign statements were interpreted as an indication that if he won the city would have an attitude to law enforcement. There were complex interactions between the political and ethnic aspects of the rivalries, irish American politicians attempted to paint Thompson as an anti-Catholic Anglo Saxon chauvinist, despite his Capone-influenced Italian first ward support. However, Thompsons perceived beholdenness to African American voters also led to shifting of allegiance among voters, Capone resorted to an escalation of violence to ensure the political contest would be decided in Thompsons favour
11.
Hymie Weiss
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Henry Earl J. Wojciechowski, also known as Hymie Weiss, was an American mob boss who became a leader of the Prohibition-era North Side Gang and a bitter rival of Al Capone. He was known as the only man Al Capone feared, born Henry Earl J. Wojciechowski in present-day Poland, he grew up on the North Side of Chicago with his Polish-American family. He was nicknamed Hymie and Hymie the Pole, later in his career and he was Catholic, despite the Jewish-sounding moniker. As a teenager, Weiss became a petty criminal, after he upset a fragrance shelf during a botched burglary as a youth, police dubbed him The Perfume Burglar. He befriended an Irish-American teen named Dean OBanion, with Weiss and George Bugs Moran, OBanion established the North Side Gang, a criminal organization that eventually controlled bootlegging and other illicit activities in the northern part of Chicago. When Wojciechowskis brother Fred was questioned about him in 1926, he replied, Ive seen him once in twenty years. that was when he shot me, six years ago. When photographers tried to snap his picture, Wojciechowski would glare at them and say in a low voice, You take a picture of me, on one occasion, Wojciechowski chased away at gunpoint a deputy U. S. Marshal who came to arrest a friend for violation of the Mann Act at a party he was attending, the marshal returned with reinforcements, arrested the friend, and confiscated a cache of alcohol and weapons. After the raid, Wojciechowski filed a lawsuit to recover silk shirts and socks that he claimed the marshals had stolen, both the governments charges and the lawsuit came to nothing. Jury selection for a trial of Joe Saltis, with whom Wojciechowski sought an alliance, began on October 11,1926 and Wojciechowski. With him that day were his bodyguard Sam Pellar, gangster Paddy Murray, attorney William W. OBrien, at 4,00 oclock that afternoon, Wojciechowski and his men left for their State Street headquarters, the old Schofield flower shop. The quintet parked their cars on Superior Street and rounded the corner to cross State, as they did, two gunmen hidden in a nearby rooming house opened fire with a submachine gun and shotgun. Wojciechowski and Murray were fatally wounded by this first burst, William OBrien was hit four times and staggered into a nearby stairwell. At the initial sound of gunfire, a panicked Sam Pellar drew his.38, Pellar and Jacobs, both wounded, staggered back the way they had come. Bullets followed them the way and some chipped the cornerstone of the Holy Name Cathedral directly across the street. Wojciechowski is buried at Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois, Weiss and other Prohibition-era mobsters served as the basis for many gangster films of the 1930s. James Cagney, for example, based his character on both Weiss and Chicago gangland figure Dean OBanion in the 1931 film The Public Enemy, gem of the Prairie, An Informal History of the Chicago Underworld. DeKalb, IL, Northern Illinois University Press,1986, guns and Roses, The Untold Story of Dean OBanion, Chicagos Big Shot before Al Capone
12.
Bugs Moran
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Adelard Cunin, better known as George Bugs Moran, was a Chicago Prohibition-era gangster. He was incarcerated three times before turning 21, Moran was born Adelard Cunin to Jules and Marie Diana Gobeil Cunin, French immigrants, in St. Paul, Minnesota. While attending Cretin, a private Catholic high school in St. Paul, Moran left school at the age of 18 and was later caught robbing a store. He was then sent to the juvenile correctional facility. Bugs was put in jail about 3 times before he turned 21 and he married twice during his career as a gangster, the first divorce stemming from his wifes disapproval of his lifestyle. Moran joined a gang in Chicago led by Charles “the Ox” Reiser with other prominent members including Dean OBanion, Hymie Weiss, Prohibition was established in 1920 with the enactment of the 18th Amendment, which banned the distribution of alcoholic beverages. Subsequently, criminal enterprises sprang up to smuggle liquor and they imported it, manufactured it, stole it and sold it as a scarce commodity for great profit. The popularity of alcohol and lack of legal competition ensured a supply of customers. This smuggling of alcohol was called bootlegging, soon, the criminals and gangsters were enjoying profits beyond anything the basic rackets had ever provided. Among them were Dean OBanion and his group of mostly Irish thugs, including Bugs Moran, Al Capone succeeded Johnny Torrio as the leader of the Italian mob on the South Side. These two rivals fought violently, resulting in what is known as “The Bootleg Battle of the Marne. ”The bootlegging operation of Hymie Weiss, Moran and Capone then led a turf war with each other that cost them both. Morans hatred of Capone was apparent even to the public, Moran was disgusted that Capone engaged in prostitution. He would not increase profits himself by engaging in prostitution due to his Catholic religion. Torrio’s gang killed Dean O’Banion, and in an attempt to avenge him, Bugs Moran, later, they went on to make a failed attempt on Al Capone’s life at his headquarters, the Hawthorne Inn in Cicero, Illinois. More than one thousand shots were fired at the inn and at a restaurant in their attempts to kill Capone. In retaliation, Weiss’s life was taken by Al Capone’s gang, responding to Weiss’s death, Moran tried to kill a member of Capone’s gang resulting in an attack, allegedly from Capone, known as the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. On February 14,1929, Capone probably tried to strike a blow against Moran with the notorious Saint Valentines Day Massacre. The day before, a phone call to Moran told him that a truckload of whiskey had just arrived from Detroit, Michigan
13.
Associated Press
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The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
14.
Chicago Tribune
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The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by tronc, Inc. formerly Tribune Publishing. The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10,1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections. By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners, about this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr. brother of Edwin Cowles. Each purchased one third of the Tribune, under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party. However, the continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune, on October 25,1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune. Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, the paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards. In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song John Browns Body by William W. Patton, Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. Joseph McCarthy, when McCormick assumed the position of co-editor in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicagos eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000. At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, by 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald, in 1919, Patterson left the Tribune and moved to New York to launch his own newspaper, the New York Daily News. In a renewed war with Hearsts Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks, also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received, the winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood. The newspaper sponsored an attempt at Arctic aviation in 1929
15.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
16.
Chicago Daily News
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The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, byron Andrews, fresh out of Hobart College, was one of the first reporters. Victor F. Lawson bought the Chicago Daily News in 1876, Stone remained involved as an editor and later bought back an ownership stake, but Lawson took over full ownership again in 1888. Lawson introduced many innovations to the business including advancements in newspaper promotion, classified advertising, and syndication of news stories, serials, the Chicago Daily News became known for its distinctive, aggressive writing style which 1920s editor Henry Justin Smith likened to a daily novel. In its heyday from the 1930s to 1950s it was syndicated and boasted a first-class foreign news service. In 1922, the rival Chicago Tribune began to experiment with radio news at Westinghouse-owned KYW-AM, the Daily News entered into a partnership with The Fair Department Store to launch WGU-AM, which would later be renamed WMAQ-AM. The newspaper would take full ownership of the station and absorb shared band rival WQJ-AM, which was jointly owned by the Calumet Baking Powder Company. WMAQ would pioneer many firsts in radio—one of them the first complete Chicago Cubs season broadcast on radio in 1925, in 1930, the station obtained a license for an experimental television station, W9XAP, but had already begun transmitting from it just prior to its being granted. Working with Sears Roebuck stores by providing them with the receivers, ulises Armand Sanabria was the television pioneer behind this and other early Chicago television experiments. The Chicago Tribune, not to be out of radio, purchased WDAP. In 1931 The Daily News sold WMAQ to NBC, in 1929, it moved into a new 26-floor headquarters building at 400 West Madison Street. Designed by architects Holabird & Root, the Art Deco structure became a Chicago landmark and it featured a mural by John W. Norton depicting the newspaper production process. Field already owned the morning Chicago Sun-Times, and the Daily News moved into the Sun-Times building on North Wabash Avenue, a few years later Mike Royko became the papers lead columnist, and quickly rose to local and national prominence. In 1977 the Daily News was redesigned and added features intended to increase its appeal to younger readers, the Chicago Daily News published its last edition on Saturday, March 4,1978. There was a subsequent attempt to make it as an afternoon daily, the paper went back into publication with a weekend edition dated August 4–5,1979. The publisher of the revival was former Illinois governor Richard B and this final attempt to gain popularity was not successful and the paper finally went back out of publication a few months later. The headquarters of the Daily News and sister newspaper the Sun-Times was located at 401 North Wabash before the building was demolished and it is now the site of Trump International Hotel and Tower. The Chicago Daily News was awarded the Pulitzer Prize thirteen times, the Founding of the Chicago Daily News
17.
Frank Lloyd Wright
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Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures,532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment and this philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater, which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture. Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home and his creative period spanned more than 70 years. In addition to his houses, Wright designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums and he often designed interior elements for these buildings as well, including furniture and stained glass. Wright wrote 20 books and many articles and was a lecturer in the United States. His colorful personal life made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as the greatest American architect of all time, Frank Lloyd Wright was born Frank Lincoln Wright in the farming town of Richland Center, Wisconsin, United States, in 1867. His father, William Carey Wright, was an orator, music teacher, occasional lawyer, William Wright met and married Anna Lloyd Jones, a county school teacher, the previous year when he was employed as the superintendent of schools for Richland County. Originally from Massachusetts, William Wright had been a Baptist minister, Anna was a member of the large, prosperous and well-known Lloyd Jones family of Unitarians, who had emigrated from Wales to Spring Green, Wisconsin. One of Annas brothers was Jenkin Lloyd Jones, who would become an important figure in the spread of the Unitarian faith in the Western United States, both of Wrights parents were strong-willed individuals with idiosyncratic interests that they passed on to him. According to his biography, his mother declared when she was expecting that her first child would grow up to build beautiful buildings and she decorated his nursery with engravings of English cathedrals torn from a periodical to encourage the infants ambition. In 1870 the family moved to Weymouth, Massachusetts, where William ministered to a small congregation, in 1876, Anna visited the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia where she saw an exhibit of educational blocks created by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel. The blocks, known as Froebel Gifts, were the foundation of his innovative kindergarten curriculum, Anna, a trained teacher, was excited by the program and bought a set with which young Wright spent much time playing. The blocks in the set were geometrically shaped and could be assembled in various combinations to form three-dimensional compositions, the Wright family struggled financially in Weymouth and returned to Spring Green, Wisconsin, where the supportive Lloyd Jones clan could help William find employment. They settled in Madison, where William taught music lessons and served as the secretary to the newly formed Unitarian society, although William was a distant parent, he shared his love of music, especially the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, with his children. Soon after Wright turned 14, his parents separated, Anna had been unhappy for some time with Williams inability to provide for his family and asked him to leave. The divorce was finalized in 1885 after William sued Anna for lack of physical affection, William left Wisconsin after the divorce and Wright claimed he never saw his father again. At this time he changed his name from Lincoln to Lloyd in honor of his mothers family
18.
Brent Musburger
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Brent Woody Musburger is an American sportscaster, recently retired from the ESPN and ABC television networks. He has also performed postgame wrap-up segments and covered championship trophy presentations and he is a member of the Montana Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame. Musburger was born in Portland, Oregon, and raised in Billings, Montana and he was an umpire for minor league baseball during the 1950s. He was also a friend of former Major League pitcher Dave McNally. His brother, Todd Musburger, is a prominent sports agent, Musburgers youth included some brushes with trouble, when he was 12, he and his brother stole a car belonging to their mothers cleaning lady and took it for a joy ride. His parents sent him to the Shattuck-St, educated at Northwestern Universitys Medill School of Journalism, he was kicked out for a year for owning and operating a car without a license. Musburger began his career as a sportswriter for the now-defunct Chicagos American newspaper, in it he stated Smith and Carlos looked like a couple of black-skinned storm troopers who were ignoble, juvenile, and unimaginative. In a 1999 article in The New York Times, Musburger stated that comparing the two to the Nazis was harsh, but he stood by his criticism of the pairs action, Smith and Carlos aside, I object to using the Olympic awards stand to make a political statement. According to Carlos, Musburger never apologized, We are talking about someone who compared us to Nazis, here we are standing up to apartheid and to a man in Avery Brundage who delivered the Olympics to Hitler’s Germany. And here’s Musburger calling us Nazis and it hurt my wife, my kids. I’ve never been able to confront him about why he did this, every time I’ve been at a function or an event with Brent Musburger and I walk towards him, he heads the other way. In 1968, Musburger began a 22-year association with CBS, first as a anchor for WBBM radio. Beginning in late 1973, Musburger was doing play-by-play for CBS Sports and he started out doing regular season National Football League games. Musburger was paired with Tommy Mason or Bart Starr, who provided the color commentary, a year later, Wayne Walker would be paired with Musburger in the booth. By 1975 at CBS, Musburger went from doing NFL play-by-play to rising to prominence as the host of the networks National Football League studio show, suddenly, Musburger began to cover many assignments for CBS Sports. He would even lend his talents to weekend afternoon fare such as The Worlds Strongest Man contests, Musburger also called Major League Baseball games for CBS Radio. But it was Musburgers association with The NFL Today that made him famous, during his tenure, CBS NFL pregame show was consistently the #1 rated pregame show. One of the signatures of the program was Musburgers show-opening teases to the various games CBS would cover, Musburgers accompanying intro to each visual, You are looking live at
19.
Tribune Tower
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The Tribune Tower is a neo-Gothic structure located at 435 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is the home of the Chicago Tribune, Tribune Media, WGN Radio broadcasts from the building, while the ground level houses the large restaurant Howells & Hood, whose patio overlooks nearby Pioneer Court and Michigan Avenue. CNNs Chicago bureau is located in the building and it is listed as a Chicago Landmark and is a contributing property to the Michigan–Wacker Historic District. The original Tribune Tower was built in 1868, but was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, the competition worked brilliantly for months as a publicity stunt, and the resulting entries still reveal a unique turning point in American architectural history. More than 260 entries were received, the winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood, with buttresses near the top. The entry that many perceived as the best, by the Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, took second place, the 1929 Gulf Building in Houston, Texas, designed by architects Alfred C. Finn, Kenneth Franzheim, and J. E. R. Carpenter, is a realization of that Saarinen design. César Pellis 181 West Madison Street Building in Chicago is also thought to be inspired by Saarinens design, archival materials regarding the competition and the building are held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago. By 1922 the neo-Gothic skyscraper had become an established design tactic and this was a late example, perhaps the last important example, and criticized for its perceived historicism. Construction on the Tribune Tower was completed in 1925 and reached a height of 462 feet above ground, the ornate buttresses surrounding the peak of the tower are especially visible when the tower is lit at night. As was the case with most of Hoods projects, the sculptures, the tower features carved images of Robin Hood and a howling dog near the main entrance to commemorate the architects. Rene Paul Chambellan contributed his talents to the buildings ornamentation, gargoyles. Rene Chambellan worked on projects with Raymond Hood including the American Radiator Building. Also, among the gargoyles on the Tribune Tower is one of a frog and that piece was created by Rene Chambellan to represent himself jokingly as he is of French ancestry. Many of these reliefs have been incorporated into the lowest levels of the building and are labeled with their location of origin, there are 149 fragments in the building. More recently a rock brought from the moon was displayed in a window in the Tribune giftstore, a piece of steel recovered from the World Trade Center has been added to the wall. Several buildings around the world reference to the design of the Tribune tower. Most notably in Australia, the spires of the Grace Building in Sydney, on April 11,2006 the McCormick Tribune Freedom Museum opened, occupying two stories of the building, including the previous location of high-end gift store Hammacher-Schlemmer
20.
Southern Illinois
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Southern Illinois is the southern third of the state of Illinois. With the area code 618, the part of Illinois is geographically, culturally. It is considered a part of downstate Illinois, Southern Illinois most populated city is currently Belleville at 44,478. Other principal cities include Alton, Centralia, Collinsville, Edwardsville, OFallon, Harrisburg, Mt. Vernon, Marion, and Carbondale, residents travel to amenities in St. Louis and Cape Girardeau, Missouri, Memphis, Tennessee, Evansville, Indiana, and Paducah, Kentucky. The region is home to a major military installation, Scott Air Force Base. The area has a population of 1.2 million people, who live mostly in towns and cities separated by extensive farmland. The first settlers migrated from the Upland South, traveling by the Ohio River, some settlers even owned slaves before the territory was organized and it was prohibited. Many areas developed an economy based on coal mining, Southern Illinois is slowly gaining a cultural identity apart from its neighbors. Formerly dispersed rural populations have more concentrated in the cities of Carbondale and Belleville. The earliest inhabitants of Illinois are thought to have arrived about 12,000 BC and they were hunter-gatherers, but also developed a primitive system of agriculture. After AD1000, agricultural surpluses enabled them to develop complex, Cahokia, located in present-day Collinsville, Illinois, was the major regional center of this culture. It contains the largest prehistoric earthworks in the Americas, and has designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The mound builders culture seems to have collapsed between AD 1400–1500, the Mississippians had abandoned Cahokia long before the first European explorers arrived. The Illinois Indian tribes, for whom the state is named, archeologists say they were not descendants of the earlier inhabitants. The Illini left numerous artifacts, including sites, burned-out campfires along the bases of bluffs, pottery, flint implements. Structures built by them include stone forts or pounds, visitors can see a stone fort in Giant City State Park near Makanda. At least eight such structures are known in the region. In about 1673, French explorers from Quebec became the first Europeans to reach Illinois, the French named the area Illinois after the Indians who had welcomed them
21.
Illinois State Police
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The Illinois State Police is the state police force of Illinois. Officially established in 1922, the Illinois State Police have over 3,000 personnel and 21 districts, the main facilities of the Illinois State Police Academy, which were constructed in 1968, are located in Springfield. Prior to 1968, training was conducted at the Illinois State Fairgrounds, ISP also maintains the Illinois sex offender registry, administers the states AMBER Alert program, and issues Illinois Firearm Owner Identification Cards and Concealed Carry Licenses. The Illinois State Police is also responsible for driving and physically protecting the Governor of Illinois, in 2005, officers and duties of the Illinois Department of Central Management Services Police were merged into the Illinois State Police. Hand-held and moving RADAR, LIDAR, pacing, air speed utilizing the ISP fleet of aircraft, the IL State Police uses typical marked units as well as unmarked units of vehicles ranging from Crown Victorias to Grand Prix GTPs to LS-1 powered Z28s to Mustang GTs. The Mustangs, Camaros, and other vehicles are for a program created to combat aggressive driving and speeding, lightbars used on marked units are Code 3 X2100 LED units, Federal Signal Legend units and Code 3 MX7000 halogen/strobe units. Prior to that, it was a mixture of the Code 3 MX7000s and Federal Signal JetSonics, currently, the Illinois State Police uses MPH Industries radar and Kustom Signals LIDAR. Since 1986, the Illinois State Police has patrolled Chicago Expressways, Illinois also announced in February 2006, that photo radar mounted in vans would be used for speed enforcement in construction zones statewide. Recently, the program has expanded for speed enforcement throughout the state. Though the vans are manned by State Police troopers, a company, ACS State and Local Solutions, provides the vans for a fee. A Motorcycle Enforcement Bureau was created in 2006 consisting of 41 officers in six squads dispersed throughout the state,50 Harley-Davidson FLHTPI Electra Glides were leased for this use by the MEB. Due to cost-cutting measures in mid 2010, the Motorcycle Enforcement Bureau was disbanded, however some motorcycle officers remain in the larger Districts such as Chicago, as of late 2007, all ISP districts have moved their radio operations to the new STARCOM21 trunked radio system. The Illinois State Police Merit Board administers the certification of the appointment and promotion of police officers as well as their discipline, removal. The merit board consists of five members who are appointed by the governor with the advice. Each member serves for a term of six years and no more than three members may be affiliated with the political party. Since the establishment of the Illinois State Police,61 troopers have been killed in the line of duty, the uniform of the Illinois State Police has certain qualities that separate it from its neighbors. Instead of a brown uniform, or a light blue on dark blue, they wear light tan/khaki shirts. Dress uniforms include a jacket that matches the pants, the cold weather gear incorporates a chocolate brown all weather jacket
22.
Rewrite man
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The rewrite man is a newspaper reporter who works in the office, not on the street, taking information reported by others and crafting it into stories. It is rarely used as an actual title, the term rewrite man is something of a misnomer. Sometimes an entire front page, with bylines from several different reporters, the job has lost much of its importance due to technology that allows reporters to write and transmit articles from the field. In the pre-computer days of work, however, it was vital. Rewrite men are common at large national magazines, where reporters handle the reporting of the story while a writer takes the material, in this case, the reporter will put all the information and quotes gathered into a multipage file which is then given to the writer. In cases of a story in several areas, several reporters will give their files to the writer, the article which is written has all of the information and observations by the reporter. People Magazine stories are written in format with field reporters doing the reporting. Time magazine also used to engage rewrite men almost exclusively, although it has all but abandoned the practice as of its 2008 redesign
23.
Arthur Brisbane
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Arthur Brisbane was one of the best known American newspaper editors of the 20th century as well as a successful real estate investor. Brisbane was born in Buffalo, New York to Albert Brisbane, Albert was the author of several books, notably Social Destiny of Man, as well as the Fourierist periodical The Phalanx. He also founded the Fourierist Society in New York in 1839, Arthur was educated in the United States and Europe. In 1882, he work as a newspaper reporter and editor in New York City, first at the Sun. Hired away from Pulitzer by William Randolph Hearst, he became editor of the New York Journal and his syndicated editorial column had an estimated daily readership of over 20 million, according to Time magazine. In 1897, he accepted the editorship of the Evening Journal, flagship of the Hearst chain and his direct and forceful style influenced the form of American editorial and news writing. The saying, If you dont hit the reader between the eyes in your first sentence of your news column, theres no need to write any more, is attributed to him. Hearst biographer W. A. Swanberg describes Brisbane as a one-time socialist who had drifted pleasantly into the profit system, in some respects a vest-pocket Hearst -- a personal enigma, a workhorse, a madman for circulation, a liberal who had grown conservative, an investor. While an employee of Hearst—at one point boasting of making $260,000 in a year—Brisbane also was known for buying failing newspapers, re-organizing them and he bought The Washington Times and the Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin in 1918 and sold both to Hearst 15 months later. He later bought the Detroit Times on behalf of Hearst, in 1918, he became editor of the Chicago Herald and Examiner, and in the 1920s became editor of Hearsts first tabloid, the New York Mirror. He remained part of the Hearst media empire until his death in 1936 and his daughter Sarah married one of his Daily Mirror employees, Tex McCrary, who later became a radio-TV personality with second wife Jinx Falkenburg. His column is headed, with finality, Today, a column that vies with the weather and market reports for the size of its audience. It is said to be read by a third of the total U. S. population, obviously this is an exaggeration, but half that many would be some 20 million readers, Today and every day. Several volumes of Brisbanes editorials were published, including The Book of Today, The Book of Today and the Future Day, at the time of his death, he was considered the virtual executive director of the Hearst news and media empire. Cummin, a member of the Explorers Club, called Brisbane a well-informed naturalist. With Hearst, he formed Hearst-Brisbane Properties, investing heavily in New York real estate and he was instrumental in preserving a large section of land he had amassed in central New Jersey along the Jersey Shore between 1907 and 1936. It was here that Brisbane built his house, a palatial mansion for its time, adjacent to a lake. It was also here that Brisbane and his family could enjoy their favorite sport – horse-back riding and he used his professional connections to bring silent film companies to his property at Allaire, which was used as a backdrop
24.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
25.
Cosmopolitan (magazine)
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Cosmopolitan is an international fashion magazine for women. Often referred to as Cosmo, its content as of 2011 includes articles on issues, relationships, sex, health, careers, self-improvement, celebrities, fashion. Published by Hearst Corporation, Cosmopolitan has 64 international editions, is printed in 35 languages, Cosmopolitan began as a family magazine, launched in 1886 by Schlicht & Field of New York as The Cosmopolitan. There was also a department for the members of the family. Cosmopolitans circulation reached 25,000 that year, but by November 1888, John Brisben Walker acquired the magazine in 1889. That same year, he dispatched Elizabeth Bisland on a race around the world against Nellie Bly to draw attention to his magazine. Under John Brisben Walkers ownership, E. D. Walker, formerly with Harpers Monthly, took over as the new editor, introducing colour illustrations, serials and book reviews. It became a market for fiction, featuring such authors as Annie Besant, Ambrose Bierce, Theodore Dreiser, Rudyard Kipling, Jack London, Willa Cather. The magazines circulation climbed to 75,000 by 1892, in 1897, Cosmopolitan announced plans for a free correspondence school, No charge of any kind will be made to the student. All expenses for the present will be borne by the Cosmopolitan, No conditions, except a pledge of a given number of hours of study. When 20,000 immediately signed up, Walker could not fund the school, also in 1897, H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds was serialized, as was his The First Men in the Moon. Olive Schreiner contributed an article about the Boer War. And Colorado - New Tricks in an Old Game, Jack Londons novella, The Red One, was published in the October 1918 issue, and a constant presence from 1910-18 was Arthur B. Reeve, with 82 stories featuring Craig Kennedy, the scientific detective, Magazine illustrators included Francis Attwood, Dean Cornwell, Harrison Fisher, and James Montgomery Flagg. Hearst formed Cosmopolitan Productions, a company based in New York City from 1918 to 1923, then Hollywood until 1938. Cosmopolitan magazine was titled as Hearsts International Combined with Cosmopolitan from 1925 until 1952. In 1911, Hearst had bought a middling monthly magazine called World To-Day, in June 1914 it was shortened to Hearsts and was ultimately titled Hearsts International in May 1922. In order to spare serious cutbacks at San Simeon, Hearst merged the magazine Hearsts International with Cosmopolitan effective March 1925, after Hearst died in 1951, the Hearsts International disappeared from the magazine cover altogether in April 1952
26.
Bartlett Cormack
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Edward Bartlett Cormack was an American actor, playwright, screenwriter, and producer best known for his 1927 Broadway play The Racket, and for working with Howard Hughes and Cecil B. Cormack was the son of Scottish-born Edward K. Cormack and Alice E. Cormack, by 1900 his family had moved from Hammond, Indiana to Chicago, Illinois where his father worked in sales. He graduated from University High School, and was accepted at the University of Chicago, while a sophomore, Cormack wrote the play Anybodys Girl, considered to be one of the best ever submitted for the Blackfriars. He left the Chicago Evening Journal for the Chicago American, working five years before applying for reinstatement at the University of Chicago. He wrote two more plays and became engaged, graduating two years later with honors and as a Phi Beta Kappa. He returned to The American, where he wrote features and dramatic criticism, in 1923, he married Adelaide Maurine Bledsoe, the daughter of Samuel T. Bledsoe, who was a president and board chairman of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. They would have a son, Thomas Bledsoe Cormack, and a daughter, soon after the wedding, he accepted a position as a press agent for a theater production and the couple moved to New York City. As a playwright, Cormacks most influential work was his 1927 Broadway play The Racket, the Racket was an exposé of political corruption in the 1920s, and was considered one of the models for the Hollywood gangster cycle of the late 1920s and early 1930s. The events take place over a period of about 18 hours in a station on the outskirts of Chicago. Writing in The Miami News on December 24,1927, O. O. McIntyre said Bartlett Cormack was the playwright who has made the reporter real on the stage. The play was considered so inflammatory that it was denied a presentation in Chicago, allegedly at the orders of Al Capone, Cormack shared writing credit for the play Tampico with Joseph Hergesheimer, who wrote the novel of the same name in 1926. The play was produced on Broadway in 1928 with Ilka Chase, MGM acquired the screen rights to the play in 1930. Cormack later wrote Hey Diddle Diddle, a comedy whose setting was an apartment in Hollywood. The play received good reviews, but there were problems, chiefly with its star, Conway Tearle, Cormack wanted to replace him, but the producer, Anne Nichols, said the fault lay with the character and insisted that the part needed to be reshaped and rewritten. The two were unable to agree on a solution, the play was scheduled to open on Broadway at the Vanderbilt Theatre, but closed after one week in Washington, D. C. when Tearle suddenly became gravely ill. Moving to Beverly Hills in 1928, he worked with Howard Hughes on the silent film version of The Racket and he shared screenwriting credit with Rex Beach for the 1930 film version of The Spoilers. Beach based his 1906 novel on the story of corrupt government officials stealing gold mines from prospectors. The novel was adapted to the screen on five occasions,1914,1923,1930,1942, at the 4th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor
27.
The Racket (1928 film)
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The Racket is a 1928 American crime drama film directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Thomas Meighan, Marie Prevost, Louis Wolheim, and George E. Stone. The film was produced by Howard Hughes, written by Bartlett Cormack and Tom Miranda and it was adapted from Cormacks 1927 Broadway play The Racket. Due to the portrayal of a corrupt police force and city government both the film and the play were banned at the time in Chicago. The Racket is one of the first films nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in the 1929 Academy Awards, only one copy of the film is known to exist. It was long thought lost before being located in Howard Hughes film collection after his death. A print was shepherded by Dr. Hart Wegner of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, film department for restoration by Jeffrey Masino, along with another Hughes-produced film, Two Arabian Knights. In 2004 and 2006, Turner Classic Movies broadcast The Racket, Two Arabian Knights, and The Mating Call, Thomas Meighan as Captain James McQuigg Louis Wolheim as Nick Scarsi Marie Prevost as Helen Hayes G. Pat Collins as Patrolman Johnson Henry Sedley as Spike George E
28.
Fury (1936 film)
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Fury is a 1936 American drama film directed by Fritz Lang which tells the story of an innocent man who narrowly escapes being lynched and the revenge he seeks. The picture was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and stars Sylvia Sidney and Tracy, with a supporting cast featuring Walter Abel, Bruce Cabot, Edward Ellis and Walter Brennan. Loosely based on the surrounding the Brooke Hart murder, the movie was adapted by Bartlett Cormack. Fury was Langs first American film, en route to meet his fiancée, Katherine Grant, gas station owner Joe Wilson is arrested on flimsy circumstantial evidence for the kidnapping of a child. Gossip soon travels around the town, growing more distorted through each retelling. When the resolute sheriff refuses to give up his prisoner, the enraged townspeople burn down the building, unknown to anyone else there, the blast frees Wilson, but kills his little dog Rainbow, who had run in to comfort him in the cell. The district attorney brings the main perpetrators to trial for murder, but nobody is willing to identify the guilty, the case seems hopeless, but then the prosecutor produces hard evidence, newsreel footage of twenty-two people caught in the act. However, Katherine is troubled by one piece of evidence, the defense attorney had tried to get his clients off by claiming that there was no proof Joe was killed, but an anonymous letter writer had returned a partially melted ring belonging to Joe. Katherine notices that a word is misspelled just as Joe used to spell it and she discovers that Joe escaped the fire and that Joes brothers are helping him get his revenge by concealing his survival and framing the defendants for his murder. She goes to see Joe and pleads him to stop the charade. However, his conscience starts preying on him and, in the end, just as the verdicts are being read, he walks into the courtroom, fred Garrett George Chandler as Milton Jackson Roger Gray as Stranger Edwin Maxwell as Vickery Howard C. He pitched the idea to Samuel Marx and Joseph Mankiewicz at MGM who were attracted to it, Krasna says he never actually wrote the story down, he verbally pitched it to Mankiewicz who then dictated it. A number of changes were made from Krasnas story to the final script, the part of Wilsons dog Rainbow was played by Terry, the same Cairn Terrier who played Toto in The Wizard of Oz. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Writing, Original Story, frank Nugent, in a review for the New York Times praised it as mature, sober and penetrating investigation of a national blight. In 1995, this film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being deemed culturally, historically, the movie was very popular, earning domestic rentals of $685,000 and $617,000 overseas. According to MGM records, the profit was $248,000. Fury at the Internet Movie Database Fury at the TCM Movie Database Fury at AllMovie
29.
Brigid Bazlen
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Brigid Mary Bazlen was an American film, television and stage actress. Although she made only three Hollywood films, The Honeymoon Machine, King of Kings, and How the West Was Won, Bazlen retired from acting while she was in her late 20s, and she died from cancer at the age of 44. Bazlen was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin and her father was Arthur Bazlen, a retail chain executive, and her mother was Maggie Daly, a newspaper columnist with Chicagos American. Maggie Daly was, with her three sisters, one of what Time magazine referred to as “the celebrated Daly sisters, ” who were known for their writing and work in journalism, fashion and advertising. Life magazine ran two feature stories on the sisters with a young Bazlen appearing in the second, columnist Maggie, the oldest sister, a one-time model was known for her lunch time Chicago fashion shows and as a radio and television talk show guest and TV show host. Kay Daly, who worked in advertising with such people as Richard Avedon, novelist and writer Maureen Daly became famous for writing Seventeenth Summer at age 19. Sheila Daly, the youngest, who wrote a Chicago Tribune teen column beginning at a young age. Bazlen was “discovered” in 1950 at the age of 6 waiting for a bus in front of her house by an NBC executive. While her mother refused, she later relented and Bazlen won a part. In 1958, Bazlen won the role in the children’s program The Blue Fairy. It was one of the earliest children’s shows to be produced in color, the producer of the show had spotted Bazlen playing hopscotch outside of Bazlens Chicago home and told Bazlens mother that your little girl is just right for my TV series. In the show, the Blue Fairy, played by Bazlen, dressed in a blue gown and diamond tiara, she also clasped a silver wand. At the beginning of show, Bazlen, suspended by wires, would fly across the stage saying “I’m the Blue Fairy. They also engaged in projects which included constructing a popcorn machine that would not stop popping and making a sewing machine that turned out marbles. Bazlen won enormous critical praise for her performance and the show was recognised as the top program of 1958 winning a Peabody Award. Bazlen herself said of her role that she flew around and had a wonderful time, although The Blue Fairy could only be seen locally in Chicago on Channel 9, the Peabody Award it won brought it and Bazlen to national attention. As a result of her performances in The Blue Fairy, offers poured in for Bazlen, martin Huston, then eighteen, was cast as Johnny Blake. The first film she did for MGM was King of Kings, Bazlen played the role of Salome
30.
Homer Davenport
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Homer Calvin Davenport was a political cartoonist and writer from the United States. He is known for drawings that satirized figures of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, although Davenport had no formal art training, he became one of the highest paid political cartoonists in the world. Davenport also was one of the first major American breeders of Arabian horses, a native Oregonian, Davenport developed interests in both art and horses as a young boy. His talent for drawing and interest in Arabian horses dovetailed in 1893 at the Chicago Daily Herald when he studied, McKinley was elected and Hanna elevated to the Senate, Davenport continued to draw his sharp cartoons during the 1900 presidential race, though McKinley was again victorious. The President in turn proved helpful to Davenport in 1906 when the cartoonist required diplomatic permission to travel abroad in his quest to purchase pure desertbred Arabian horses, the 27 horses Davenport purchased and brought to America had a profound and lasting impact on Arabian horse breeding. Davenports later years were marked by fewer influential cartoons and a personal life, he dedicated much of his time to his animal breeding pursuits, traveled widely. He was a lover of animals and of country living, he not only raised horses. He died in 1912 of pneumonia, which he contracted after going to the docks of New York City to watch, Davenport was born in 1867 in the Waldo Hills, several miles south of Silverton, Oregon. His parents were Timothy Woodbridge and Florinda Willard Davenport and he had an older sister, Orla, and his parents had previously lost two other children in infancy. Timothy Davenport was one of the founders of the Republican Party in Oregon and served as an Oregon state representative, state senator, and he ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in 1874. Florinda was an admirer of the cartoons of Thomas Nast that appeared in Harpers Weekly. While pregnant with Homer, she developed a belief, which she viewed as a prophecy and she was also influenced by the essay How To Born A Genius, by Russell Trall, and closely followed his recommendations for diet and concentration during her pregnancy. She died of smallpox in 1870, when Homer was three years old, and on her deathbed asked her husband to give Homer every opportunity to become a cartoonist, young Davenport was given a box of paints as a Christmas gift. Soon after, at the age of three years and nine months, the boy used his paints to produce an image he called Arabian horses and he learned to ride on the familys pet horse, Old John. Following his mothers death, both of Davenports grandmothers helped raise him, Homer began to study music, and was allowed to help Timothy clerk at the store the elder Davenport purchased when he first moved to Silverton. Timothy required Homer to milk the cows, but otherwise Homer was to study faces and he was well-liked by the villagers, but they considered him shiftless—they did not consider drawing to be real work. He exhibited a love of animals, especially fast horses and fighting cocks and he carefully cleaned the can and kept it as his only piece of artistic furniture for many years until forced to leave it behind when he moved to San Francisco. He also played in the community band in his formative years, Davenports initial jobs were not successful
31.
World's Columbian Exposition
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The Worlds Columbian Exposition was a worlds fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbuss arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, the water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D. C. the Exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicagos self-image, and American industrial optimism. The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in part, designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be and it was designed to follow Beaux Arts principles of design, namely French neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the generally used to cover the buildings facades gave the fairgrounds its nickname. Many prominent architects designed its 14 great buildings, artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition. The exposition covered more than 600 acres, featuring nearly 200 new buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, canals and lagoons, more than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Dedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21,1892, the fair continued until October 30,1893. On October 9,1893, the day designated as Chicago Day, the debt for the fair was soon paid off with a check for $1.5 million. Chicago has commemorated the fair one of the stars on its municipal flag. Schwab, Chicago railroad and manufacturing magnate John Whitfield Bunn, and Connecticut banking, insurance, the fair was planned in the early 1890s during the Gilded Age of rapid industrial growth, immigration, and class tension. Worlds fairs, such as Londons 1851 Crystal Palace Exhibition, had been successful in Europe as a way to bring together societies fragmented along class lines, the first American attempt at a worlds fair in Philadelphia in 1876, drew crowds but was a financial failure. Nonetheless, ideas about distinguishing the 400th anniversary of Columbus landing started in the late 1880s. Civic leaders in St. Louis, New York City, Washington DC and Chicago expressed an interest in hosting a fair to generate profits, boost real estate values, Congress was called on to decide the location. What finally persuaded Congress was Chicago banker Lyman Gage, who raised several million dollars in a 24-hour period, over. The exposition corporation and national exposition commission settled on Jackson Park, Daniel H. Burnham was selected as director of works, and George R. Davis as director-general. Burnham emphasized architecture and sculpture as central to the fair and assembled the periods top talent to design the buildings, the temporary buildings were designed in an ornate Neoclassical style and painted white, resulting in the fair site being referred to as the “White City”
32.
Billy DeBeck
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William Morgan DeBeck, better known as Billy DeBeck, was an American cartoonist. He is most famous as the creator of the comic strip Barney Google, later retitled Barney Google and Snuffy Smith. The strip was popular in the 1920s and 1930s, and featured a number of well-known characters, including the title character, Bunky, Snuffy Smith. Spark Plug was a phenomenon, and has been called the Snoopy of the 1920s. DeBeck drew with a line in a big-foot style, in which characters had giant feet. His strips often reflected his love of sports, in 1946, the National Cartoonists Society inaugurated the Billy DeBeck Memorial Awards, which became the Reuben Award in 1954. William Morgan DeBeck was born on April 15,1890 on the South Side of Chicago, the elder DeBeck was French, and the name DeBeck was originally spelled DeBecque. His Irish-Welsh mother, Jessie Lee Morgan, had lived on a farm and was a schoolteacher, after graduating from Hyde Park High School in 1908, DeBeck attended the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. He sold cartoon drawings during this time to himself, at first in 1908 for the Chicago Daily News. He later contributed cartoons to the New York City humor magazines Life, while living in Pittsburgh, he traveled to New York to show comic strip samples to Arthur Brisbane, an editor working for William Randolph Hearsts newspaper empire, Brisbane rejected the work. DeBeck later stated the examples were terrible as he had been doing political cartoons for the Pittsburgh Gazette, and he returned to Youngstown and married Marian Louise Shields there in 1914. Some time later they divorced, remarried in 1921, and eventually divorced again, the school was not a success, and DeBeck returned to Chicago and joined the Chicago Herald in December 1915. He worked on a strip called Finn an Haddie for the Adams Newspaper Service on the side, DeBecks creations were first adapted to film when an animated version of Married Life appeared in a Seattle Sunday Times newsreel in 1917. DeBeck created a number of features, especially for the sports section. Google was interested in non-fictional sports stories, such as the championship between Jess Willard and Jack Dempsey. It was not long before DeBeck refigured the tall, thin Google into the short, squat character he was to be remembered as, and it was not popular until DeBeck had Google acquire a race horse named Spark Plug in a strip dated July 17,1922. When DeBeck introduced the horse, he introduced a little-used technique into the strip. Barney Google went from being a strip to one in which both humor and suspense kept readers coming back each day, as Google desperately tried to get his horse to win a race
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Barney Google and Snuffy Smith
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Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, originally Take Barney Google, Frinstance, is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Billy DeBeck. Since its debut on June 17,1919, the strip has gained an international readership. The initial appeal of the led to its adaptation to film, animation, popular song. It added several terms and phrases to the English language and inspired the 1923 hit tune Barney Google with lyrics by Billy Rose, as well as the 1923 record, Come On, Spark Plug. Barney Google himself, once the star of the strip and a popular character in his own right, has been almost entirely phased out of the feature. An increasingly peripheral player in his own strip beginning in the late 1930s, Google was officially out in 1954. These cameos were often years apart—from a period between 1997 and 2012, Barney Google wasnt seen in the strip at all, Google was reintroduced to the strip in 2012, and has been seen very occasionally since, making several week-long appearances. Snuffy Smith, who was introduced as a supporting player in 1934, has now been the comic strips central character for over 60 years. Nevertheless, the feature is still titled Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, like Mutt and Jeff, Barney Google started out on the sports page. First appearing as a strip in the sports sections of the Chicago Herald and Examiner in 1919, it was originally titled Take Barney Google. The title character, a fellow with big banjo eyes, was an avid sportsman and neer-do-well involved in poker, horse racing. The goggle-eyed, moustached, gloved and top-hatted, bulbous-nosed, cigar-chomping shrimp was relentlessly henpecked by a three times his size. The formidable Mrs. Lizzie Google, a. k. a. the sweet woman, sued Barney for divorce, by October 1919, the strip was distributed by King Features Syndicate and was published in newspapers across the country. Beginning on July 17,1922, the strip would take a turn in popularity with the seemingly innocuous introduction of an endearing race horse named Spark Plug. Barneys beloved brown-eyed baby was a bow-legged nag who seldom raced, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz was known to his friends as Sparky, a lifelong nickname given to him by his uncle as a diminutive of Barney Googles Spark Plug. Comics historian Don Markstein noted that, Sparkys first race became one of comics first national media events, so great was the publics enthusiasm that DeBeck, who had been planning to retire the plug after that one storyline, made him a permanent part of the cast. Spark Plug was such a star during the 1920s that children who enjoyed the comics were liable to get Sparky for an example, Charles M. Sparky Schulz. In deference to his enormous popularity during this period, the strip was retitled Barney Google, DeBecks strip hit its peak of popularity with Spark Plug at about the same time the song Barney Google by Billy Rose and Con Conrad was sweeping the country
34.
New York Journal-American
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The New York Journal-American was a daily newspaper published in New York City from 1937 to 1966. Both were published by Hearst from 1895 to 1937, the American and Evening Journal merged in 1937. The Journal-American was a publication with several editions in the afternoon, Joseph Pulitzers younger brother Albert founded the New York Morning Journal in 1882. John R. McLean briefly acquired the paper in 1895, Hearst founded the Evening Journal about a year later. Hearst entered into a war with the New York World. In October 1896, Outcault defected to Hearsts New York Journal, many believed that as part of this, aside from any nationalistic sentiment, Hearst may have helped to initiate the Spanish–American War of 1898 to increase sales. A year later, on January 12,1913, McManus launched his Bringing Up Father comic strip, the comics expanded into two full pages daily and a 12-page Sunday color section with leading King Features Syndicate strips. Uncle Remus, Dinglehoofer and His Dog, Donald Duck, Tippie, Right Around Home, Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, tad Dorgan, known for his boxing and dog cartoons as well as the comic character Judge Rummy, joined the Journals staff in 1905. Rube Goldberg also became a cartoonist with the Journal-American, the Evening Journal was home to famed investigative reporter Nellie Bly, who began writing for the paper in 1914 as a war correspondent from the battlefields of World War I. Bly eventually returned to the United States and was given her own column that she wrote right up until her death in 1922, popular columnists included Westbrook Pegler, O. O. McIntyre, Benjamin De Casseres and Dorothy Kilgallen. Kilgallen also wrote articles that appeared on the days as her column on different pages, sometimes the front page. Regular Journal-American contributor Jimmy Cannon was one of the highest paid sports columnists in the United States, Society columnist Maury Henry Biddle Paul, who wrote under the pseudonym Cholly Knickerbocker, became famous and coined the term Café Society. John F. Kennedy contributed to the newspaper during a career he had as a journalist during the final months of World War II. Beginning in 1938, Max Kase was the editor until the newspaper expired in 1966. The fashion editor was Robin Chandler Duke, jack OBrian was television critic for the Journal-American and exposed the 1958 quiz-show scandal that involved cheating on the popular television program Twenty-One. Ford Frick was a sportswriter for the American before becoming president of baseballs National League, Frick was hired by Wilton S. Farnsworth, who was sports editor of the American from 1914–37 until becoming a boxing promoter. Bill Corum was a sportswriter for the Journal-American who also served nine years as president of the Churchill Downs race track, frank Graham covered sports there from 1945–65 and was inducted in the Baseball Hall of Fame, as were colleagues Charley Feeney and Sid Mercer. Before becoming a news columnist elsewhere, Jimmy Breslin was a Journal-American sportswriter in the early 1960s and he authored the book Cant Anybody Here Play This Game
35.
Newsweek
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Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine founded in 1933. It was published in four English language editions and 12 global editions written in the language of the circulation region, between 2008 and 2012, Newsweek underwent internal and external contractions designed to shift the magazines focus and audience while improving its finances. Instead, losses accelerated, revenue dropped 38 percent from 2007 to 2009, in November 2010, Newsweek merged with the news and opinion website The Daily Beast, forming The Newsweek Daily Beast Company, after negotiations between the owners of the two publications. Tina Brown, The Daily Beasts editor-in-chief, served as the editor of both publications, Newsweek was jointly owned by the estate of the late Harman and the diversified American media and Internet company IAC. Newsweek ceased print publication with the December 31,2012, issue and transitioned to an all-digital format, IBT Media relaunched a print edition of Newsweek on March 7,2014. In 2003, worldwide circulation was more than 4 million, including 2.7 million in the U. S, Newsweek publishes editions in Japanese, Korean, Polish, Spanish, Rioplatense Spanish, Arabic, and Turkish, as well as an English language Newsweek International. Russian Newsweek, published since 2004, was shut in October 2010, the Bulletin incorporated an international news section from Newsweek. Based in New York City, the magazine claimed 22 bureaus in 2011, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago/Detroit, Dallas, Miami, Washington, D. C. Boston and San Francisco, and others overseas in London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Jerusalem, Baghdad, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Beijing, South Asia, Cape Town, Mexico City and Buenos Aires. News-Week was launched in 1933 by Thomas J. C. Martyn and he obtained financial backing from a group of U. S. stockholders which included Ward Cheney, of the Cheney silk family, John Hay Whitney, and Paul Mellon, son of Andrew W. Mellon. Paul Mellons ownership in Newsweek apparently represented the first attempt of the Mellon family to function journalistically on a national scale, the group of original owners invested around $2.5 million. Other large stockholders prior to 1946 were public utilities investment banker Stanley Childs, journalist Samuel T. Williamson served as the first editor-in-chief of Newsweek. The first issue of the magazine was dated 17 February 1933, seven photographs from the weeks news were printed on the first issues cover. In 1937 News-Week merged with the weekly journal Today, which had founded in 1932 by future New York Governor and diplomat W. Averell Harriman. In 1937 Malcolm Muir took over as president and editor-in-chief and he changed the name to Newsweek, emphasized interpretive stories, introduced signed columns, and launched international editions. Over time the magazine developed a spectrum of material, from breaking stories and analysis to reviews. The magazine was purchased by The Washington Post Company in 1961, osborn Elliott was named editor of Newsweek in 1961 and became the editor in chief in 1969. The women won, and Newsweek agreed to allow women to be reporters, edward Kosner became editor from 1975 to 1979 after directing the magazine’s extensive coverage of the Watergate scandal that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974
36.
The Fighting Sullivans
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The Fighting Sullivans, originally released as The Sullivans, is a 1944 American biographical war film directed by Lloyd Bacon and written by Edward Doherty, Mary C. McCall Jr. and Jules Schermer. It was nominated for a now-discontinued Academy Award for Best Story and their eventual deaths in the Pacific theater aboard the light cruiser USS Juneau are also chronicled in this film, which is based on the brothers true life story. There is also sister Genevieve, nicknamed Gen, making the Sullivans a happy family of eight, based on the apparent ages of the boys, the first part of the plot occurs in the late 1920s. As the boys grow, they are doted upon by their mother and sister Genevieve and given stern but loving guidance by their father, each day, the boys climb the water tower by the tracks and wave to their father as he passes by on the train. The brothers are getting into their fair share of trouble growing up, a fight, a near drowning. By 1939, only Al is still in high school, on the day that George wins a motorcycle race, Al meets Katherine Mary, an only child who lives with her father. Despite their youth, Al and Katherine Mary fall in love, believing that Al is too young, his brothers nearly break the couple up, but realize what they have done and apologize. Soon after, Katherine Mary and Al are married, and ten months later, are expecting a baby, Al is fired for taking the afternoon off to escort his wife to the doctor, but his brothers vow to help them out. Later, months after little Jimmy has been welcomed into the family and they hear about the attack on Pearl Harbor on the radio. The boys realize that one of their friends, Bill Bascom, was on the USS Arizona and resolve to join the Navy to avenge him. Al decides that he go with his brothers, due to his family responsibilities. The brothers insist that they serve on the ship. The brothers leave, but later, George receives his draft notice, later, Tom, Alleta, and Katherine Mary eagerly await letters from their loved ones, who are serving aboard the USS Juneau in the Pacific. A battle rages off the Solomon Islands, and one day, four of the brothers find each other, then realize that George is below in sick bay. They rush down to get him, and when George insists they leave him behind, Al replies, We cant go swimming without you. Soon after, the recruiter from before visits the Sullivan home and tells Katherine Mary, Tom, Alleta. Stunned, Tom goes to work and salutes the water tower on which his sons used to stand, sometime later, Tom, Katherine Mary, and Gen, who has joined the WAVES, watch with pride while Alleta christens a new destroyer, the USS The Sullivans. As Tom and Alleta watch the ship away, Alleta declares, Tom
37.
Charles Dryden
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Charles Dryden was an American baseball writer and humorist. He was reported to be the most famous and highly paid writer in the United States during the 1900s. Known for injecting humor into his writing, Dryden was credited with elevating baseball writing from the commonplace. In 1965, Dryden was posthumously inducted into the wing of the Baseball Hall of Fame. His biography at the Baseball Hall of Fame notes that he was regarded as the master baseball writer of his time. Dryden was born in March 1860 in Monmouth, Illinois and his father, William A. Dryden, was an Ohio native who worked as a salesman. Dryden did not attend college and worked as a man as a moulder in an iron foundry. At the time of the 1880 United States Census, Dryden was living with his father in Monmouth, several accounts indicate that he wrote humorous sketches while working at the foundry and was urged him pursue a writing career by a friend who read his sketches. Dryden traveled extensively as a man, taking jobs as a merchant sailor. One colleague noted that there was a gleam, as of the old wanderlust. In the early 1890s, Dryden visited and wrote about Robert Louis Stevenson at Stevensons home in Vailima and his portrayal of Stevensons life in Samoa was described as one of the nearest and most clear-cut pictures yet made on the subject. Dryden later published an account of his years on the road. The book, titled On and Off the Bread Wagon, Being the Hard Luck Tales, Doings, Dryden wrote his first baseball story in 1889. He had reportedly never seen a game of baseball before the assignment. His first baseball story was an account of a game in Chicago written in imitation of the stilted, the story was an instant hit. From 1889 to 1896, Dryden worked for newspapers in San Francisco, in 1896, William Randolph Hearst hired Dryden as a writer for the New York Journal. While working in New York, Dryden gained national fame as a result of a public quarrel with Andrew Freedman. The feud began during spring training in 1898, Dryden asked Freedman for a comment on a player with whom Freedman was in a salary dispute
38.
1906 Chicago White Sox season
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The 1906 season was the seventh season overall for the Chicago White Sox, and their sixth season in the major leagues. The Sox won their third American League pennant and their first World Series championship, the Sox won 93 games, a plateau they would not reach again until the 1915 season. The 1906 White Sox team became known as the Hitless Wonders when they won the American League pennant despite posting the lowest team batting average in the league. The team had been in place by the end of July, 7½ games behind the defending champion Philadelphia Athletics. No American League team would match the 19-game winning streak for almost 100 years, the team made up for their lack of hitting prowess by leading the league in walks, hit batsmen and sacrifice hits. The White Sox pitching staff had a league-leading 32 shutouts and the second lowest earned run average in the league, the White Sox then defeated their cross-town rivals, the heavily favored Chicago Cubs in the 1906 World Series. Note, Pos = Position, G = Games played, AB = At Bats, H = Hits, = Batting Average, HR = Home Runs, RBI = Runs Batted In Note, G = Games played, AB = At Bats, H = Hits, Avg
39.
Carl Ed
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Carl Frank Ludwig Ed was a comic strip artist best known as the creator of Harold Teen. Born in Moline, Illinois, Ed graduated from Augustana College in Rock Island and he was 22 years old when he worked on the baseball strip Big Ben in 1912. He moved on to Chicago as a sports cartoonist on the Chicago American where he drew the strip The Tener Alley Gang. He drew samples for a strip titled Seventeen, loosely based on Booth Tarkingtons successful novel Seventeen, after publisher Patterson renamed it Harold Teen, it debuted in the New York Daily News during February 1919. Asked in the late 1930s why he had started the strip, Ed answered, Twenty years ago, I thought every well-balanced comic sheet should have one. Carl Eds strip was read in the 1920s, and his readers became familiar with such slang as shebas, sheiks. Some of these were words and phrases created by Ed, such as, with the popularity of the strip, Ed profited from merchandising of games, figurines and other products. He added Josie as a topper strip beneath Harold Teen and also time to work as an instructor at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. Interest in the strip began to fade by the 1940s, when Ed, who lived at 711 Michigan Avenue in Evanston, Illinois, died October 10,1959, his once-popular comic strip died with him. His widow, Ellen Ed, died in July 1975, the Adventures of Harold Teen and His Old Side-kick Pop Jenks. New York, Cupples & Leon,1931, hal Rasmusson Lambiek, Carl Ed Danger Trail, Harold Teen
