1.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
2.
Gangsta rap
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Gangsta rap or gangster rap is a subgenre of hip hop music with themes and lyrics that generally emphasize the gangsta lifestyle. After the national attention that Ice-T and N. W. A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop. Many gangsta rap artists openly boast of their associations with various street gangs as part of their artistic image, with the Bloods. Gangsta rap is closely related to other indigenous gang and crime-oriented forms of music, the subject matter inherent in gangsta rap has caused a great deal of controversy. The White House administrations of both George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton criticized the genre, many gangsta rappers argue that in the world of their genre exists the emotions and perspectives of a people whose suffering is too often overlooked and belittled by society. Gangsta rap, some argue, was an effect of the various wrongdoings perpetrated against African-Americans in underprivileged neighborhoods. The various riots sparked by the Rodney King beating and the acquittal of the officers responsible for the beating sparked anger. Gangsta rap acted as an outlet so such people could express themselves angrily and they often used gangsta rap to tell the stories of their lives, which sometimes included strong violence, hypersexuality, and drug abuse. The 1973 album Hustlers Convention by Lightnin Rod and Jaren Clark featured lyrics that deal with life, including pimping. Many rappers, such as Ice-T and Mac Dre, have credited pimp, rudy Ray Moores stand-up comedy and films based on his Dolemite hustler-pimp alter ego also influenced gangsta rap and are still a popular source for samples. Finally, blaxploitation films of the 1970s, with their depictions of black underworld figures, were a major inspiration as well. Tracy Ice-T Morrow, was born in Newark, New Jersey, as a teenager, he moved to Los Angeles where he rose to prominence in the West Coast hip hop scene. In 1986, Ice-T released 6 in the Mornin, which is regarded as among the first gangsta rap songs. In an interview with PROPS magazine, Ice-T said, Heres the exact order of what really went down. Then the syncopation of that rap was used by me when I made 6 in the Mornin, the vocal delivery was the same. P. S. K. is makin that green. six in the morning, police at my door. When I heard that record I was like Oh @#. *%, and call it a bite or what you will but I dug that record. My record didnt sound like P. S. K, but I liked the way he was flowing with it. P. S. K. was talking about Park Side Killers and that was the only difference, when Schoolly did it, it was. one by one, Im knockin em out
3.
Mexican Americans
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Mexican Americans are Americans of full or partial Mexican descent. As of July 2015, Mexican Americans made up 11. 1% of the United States population, as of July 2015, Mexican Americans comprised 63. 4% of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world, second only to Mexico itself, canada is a distant third, with a small Mexican Canadian population of 96,055 as of 2011. Over 60% of all Mexican Americans reside in the states of California, in 2015, the United States admitted 157,227 Mexican immigrants, and as of November 2016,1.31 million Mexicans were on the waiting list to immigrate to the United States through legal means. Communities of Spanish-speaking Tejanos, Nuevomexicanos, Californios and Mission Indians have existed in the American southwest since the area was part of New Spains Provincias Internas, the majority of these historically Hispanophone populations eventually adopted English as their first language as part of their overall Americanization. Mexican-American history spans more than 400 years and varies from region to region within the United States, in 1900, there were slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics of Mexican descent living in New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado, California and Texas. Most were Mexican Americans of Spanish descent and other Hispanicized European settlers who settled in the Southwest during Spanish colonial times, as well as local and Mexican Indians. Approximately ten percent of the current Mexican-American population are descended from the colonial settlers. As early as 1813, some of the Tejanos who colonized Texas in the Spanish Colonial Period established a government in Texas that desired independence from Spanish-ruled Mexico, in those days, there was no concept of identity as Mexican. Many Mexicans were more loyal to their states/provinces than to their country as a whole and this was particularly true in frontier regions such as Zacatecas, Texas, Yucatán, Oaxaca, New Mexico, etc. As shown by the writings of colonial Tejanos such as Antonio Menchaca, Mexico encouraged immigration from the United States to settle east Texas and, by 1831, English-speaking settlers outnumbered Tejanos ten to one in the region. Both groups were settled mostly in the part of the territory. The Mexican government became concerned about the volume of Anglo-American immigration. Consistent with its abolition of slavery, the Mexican government banned slavery within the state and his story is complex because he joined the Anglo rebels and helped defeat the Mexican forces of Santa Anna. But later on, as Mayor of San Antonio, he, after receiving a series of death threats, Seguín relocated his family in Mexico, where he was coerced into military service and fought against the US in 1846–1848 Mexican–American War. As a Spanish colony, the territory of California also had an population of colonial settlers. In the mid-19th century, more settlers from the United States began to enter the territory, in California, Spanish settlement began in 1769 with the establishment of the Presidio and Catholic mission of San Diego. 20 more missions were established along the California coast by 1823, along with military Presidios, settlers in California tended to stay close to the coast and outside of the California interior
4.
Chicano
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Chicano or Chicana is a chosen identity of some Mexican Americans in the United States. The term Chicano is sometimes used interchangeably with Mexican-American, both names are chosen identities within the Mexican-American community in the United States. However, these terms have a range of meanings in various parts of the Southwest. The term became widely used during the Chicano Movement by Mexican Americans to express pride in a cultural, ethnic. Ultimately it was the experience of Mexican Americans in the United States which culminated in the creation of a Chicano identity. Linguists Edward R. Simmen and Richard F. Bauerle report the use of the term in an essay by Mexican-American writer, Mario Suárez, however, a gunboat, the Chicana, was sold in 1857 to Jose Maria Carvajal to ship arms on the Rio Grande. The King and Kenedy firm submitted a voucher to the Joint Claims Commission of the United States in 1870 to cover the costs of this conversion from a passenger steamer. No particular explanation of the name is known. The origin of the word chicano is disputed, some claim it is a shortened form of Mexicano. In most cases the sh sound has been replaced with the h sound, the word Chicano would have also been affected by this change. Many Chicanos replace the ch with the x, forming Xicano. In the United States, some Mexican Americans choose the Xicano spelling to emphasize their indigenous ancestry, thus, a newly emigrated Nahuatl speaker in an urban center might referred to his cultural relatives in this country, different from himself, as mexicanos, shortened to chicanos. The Indians later referred to themselves as Meshicanos and even as Shicanos, however, Chicanos generally do not agree that chicamo was ever a word used within the culture, as its assertion is thus far entirely unsubstantiated. Therefore, most self-identifying Chicanos do not agree that Chicano was ever derived from the word chicamo, another hypothesis is that chicano derives from the indigenous population of Guanajuato, the Chichimecas, combined with the word Mexicano. An alternative idea is that it is a form of Chilango. A similar notion is that the word derives from Chichen Itza, Chicano would thus be a Hispanized word for Chichen and Mayans, rather than the Aztec or Nahua people. This seems dubious, as the term is not frequently used other than in reference to Mexican Americans, is not primarily used for Chilean-Americans. Thus far, explanations of the origins of the word remain inconclusive and this is an indication that the term originated as a self-identification
5.
Electro (music)
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Electro is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines, and funk. This is the distinction between electro and previously prominent genres such as disco, in which the electronic sound was only part of the instrumentation. It also palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie for being less vocal-oriented, following the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and New York boogie. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak. By the mid 1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke. A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007, Electro has branched out into subgenres, including Electrocore and Skweee, which developed in Sweden and Finland. From its inception, one of the characteristics of the electro sound was the use of drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. As the genre evolved, computers and sampling replaced drum machines in electronic music and it is important to note, that although the electro of the 1980s and contemporary electro both grew out of the dissolution of disco, they are now different genres. Classic electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats, with a kick drum. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats is that electro tends to be mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the uses of the term. The Roland TR-808 drum machine hit the market in 1980, defining early electro with its immediately recognizable sound, staccato, percussive drumbeats tended to dominate electro, almost exclusively provided by the TR-808. As an inexpensive way of producing a sound, the TR-808 caught on quickly with the producers of early electro because of the ability of its bass drum to generate extreme low-frequencies. This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs and its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to the electro sound. A number of songs in the early 1980s employed the TR-808, including Marvin Gaye’s “Sexual Healing, ” Cybotron’s “Clear, ” and Afrika Bambaataa’s “Planet Rock. ”The Roland TR-808 has attained iconic status. Through the use of samples, the Roland TR-808 remains popular in electro, most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder. Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content, as in the iconic Planet Rock, although primarily instrumental, early electro utilized rap
6.
Frost (rapper)
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Arturo Molina, Jr. better known as Frost, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He is from Los Angeles, California and he is also the father of American record producer Scoop DeVille. Molina was born and raised in Windsor, California and occasionally lived with his family in military bases in Guam and he began his music career in 1982 as Kid Frost as a tribute to his rival Ice-T, whom he often battled in the music industry. In an interview Frost stated that his first actual DJ was in fact Dr. Dre and he soon became a breakdancer for Uncle Jamms Army. In the mid-1980s, Frost released several pre-gangsta 12 singles on Los Angeles-based labels Electrobeat, in the late 1980s, Kid Frost moved to Virgin Records. Virgin released his biggest hit, La Raza and his debut album, Hispanic Causing Panic was released in 1990. He also established a Latin rap supergroup called Latin Alliance, which released their album, Latin Alliance. His second album, East Side Story was released in 1992, in 1995, Frost dropped the Kid from his nickname and signed with Ruthless Records, Eazy-Es label. Smile Now Die Later was released that year, above The Law were featured as guest rappers, alongside A. L. T. Rick James also appeared on Frosts version of Mary Jane and his second album for Ruthless, When Hell. A. Freezes Over, was released in 1997. Ice-T, Scoop, O. Genius and Domino also appeared as guest rappers, in 1999, Frost moved to a small independent label called Celeb-entertainment records. His first album for Celeb-entertainment titled This Was Then This Is Now Vol, kurupt, King T, Baby Bash, Jay Tee, Jayo Felony, Xzibit, B-Legit, and Cameosis were featured on the CD. That Was Then This Is Now Vol. II was released in 2000, frank V. Clika One, Jay Tee, Baby Bash and other guest rappers were also featured on the CD. 2002s Still Up In This Shit, released by Hit-A-Lick / Koch Records, featured more Latin rap style and G-Funk tracks as well as a hidden bonus rock track titled Cannabis. Mellow Man Ace, Daz Dillinger, Baby Bash, A. L. T, nino Brown, Don Cisco and other guest rappers appeared, and one track featured the group Tierra. Somethin 4 The Ridaz was released in 2003 on 40 Ounce Records, in 2005 Welcome to Frost Angeles was released on Thump Records, which was produced almost entirely by Frost and his son, Scoop DeVille. Only the Intro is produced by Binky Womack, and Philly Blunt co-produced one track, guest rappers included Cameosis, Genovese and Jay Tee. Frost again signed to Low Profile Records and released his album Till The Wheels Fall Off in 2006 and it had various guest appearances which included Baby Bash, Scoop DeVille and Mr. Sancho
7.
Hispanic Causing Panic
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Hispanic Causing Panic is the debut album by rapper, Kid Frost. The album was released in 1990 for Virgin Records and is considered to be one of the first Latin rap albums, setting the stage for later releases by groups like Cypress Hill. The album featured the hit single, La Raza which peaked at #42 on the Billboard Hot 100, #59 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Tracks chart and it even managed to chart on the Hot Latin Tracks chart at #33. It also would appear in the popular video game, Grand Theft Auto. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 3, The United States and Canada
8.
Spanglish
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Most varieties of Spanglish are not usually considered a language itself, but instead a blend of Spanish and English lexical items and grammar. Spanglish is not a pidgin, because unlike pidgin languages, Spanglish can be the primary form for some individuals. Spanglish can be considered a variety of Spanish with heavy use of English or a variety of English with heavy use of Spanish and it can be more related either to Spanish or to English, depending on the circumstances. Since Spanglish arises independently in each region, it reflects the spoken varieties of English and Spanish. In general different varieties of Spanglish are not necessarily mutually intelligible, the term was introduced by the Puerto Rican poet Salvador Tió in the late 1940s, when he called it Espanglish or Inglañol. Some of these creoles have become recognized languages in their own right, including the Llanito language of Gibraltar and San Andrés–Providencia Creole of Colombia. In the late 1940s, the Puerto Rican journalist, poet, and essayist Salvador Tió coined the terms Espanglish for Spanish spoken with some English terms, between 1902 and 1948, the main language of instruction in public schools was English. Currently Puerto Rico is nearly unique in having both English and Spanish as its official languages, consequently, many American English words are now found in the vocabulary of Puerto Rican Spanish. Spanglish may also be known by different regional names, Spanglish does not have one unified dialect—specifically, the varieties of Spanglish spoken in New York, Florida, Texas, and California differ. It is common in Panama, where the 96-year U. S. control of the Panama Canal influenced much of society, especially among the former residents of the Panama Canal Zone. The same applies to the large Puerto Rican-descended populations of New York City, Spanglish is spoken commonly in the modern United States, reflecting the growth of the Hispanic-American population due to immigration. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the population of Hispanics grew from 35.3 million to 53 million between 2000 and 2012, Hispanics have become the largest minority ethnic group in the US. More than 80% are of Mexican descent, Mexican Americans form one of the fastest-growing groups, increasing from 20.6 million to 34.5 million between 2000 and 2012. Around 58% of this community chose California, especially Southern California, Spanglish is widely used throughout the heavily Mexican-American and other Hispanic communities of Southern California. The use of Spanglish has become important to Hispanic communities throughout the United States in areas such as Miami, New York City, Texas, in Miami a Spanglish familiarly known as Cubonics is spoken. Spanglish is known as bilingualism/ semi-lingual ism, the acquisition of the first language is interrupted or unstructured language input follows from the second language. This can also happen in reverse, many Mexican-Americans, immigrants and bilinguals express themselves in various Spanglishes. For many, Spanglish serves as a basis for self-identity, however, many others believe that Spanglish should not exist and should be prohibited
9.
Evil Ways
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Evil Ways is a song made famous by the band Santana from their 1969 album Santana. It was written by Clarence Sonny Henry and originally recorded by jazz percussionist Willie Bobo on his 1967 album Bobo Motion, alongside Santanas release in 1969, Evil Ways was also recorded by the band The Village Callers. The lyrics of the song are written in verse form. Released as a single in late 1969, it became Santanas first top 40, gregg Rolie performs the lead vocals and plays a Hammond organ solo in the middle section. The double-time coda includes a solo performed by Carlos Santana who also does the backing vocals. Evil Ways is about a girl who is spiteful, Youve got to change your evil ways and she neglects her boyfriend by spending time with her friends instead of him. You hang around, baby/with Jean and Joan and-a who-knows-who, some radio stations play edited versions of the song, cutting portions of the introduction, organ instrumental in the middle, and guitar improvisation in the coda. Jackie Mittoo made a version called Totally Together on his LP Now of 1970. Johnny Mathis released the song as a single in 1970 and it made the Cash Box survey at #118, and also appeared on MOR music surveys in Billboard and Record World. The song was covered by Cal Tjader with vocals by Carmen McRae on his 1982 album Heat Wave. Latin rapper Mellow Man Ace sampled this track and used it as the melody for his single Mentirosa. Alternative rock jam band, Rusted Root performs Evil Ways on the soundtrack of the 1995 film Home for the Holidays, alex Gimeno samples the riff from Evil Ways in his track Funky Bikini from his musical project titled Ursula 1000. Smooth jazz group Fattburger covered Evil Ways for their 2001 album T. G. I, F. attburger In 2002, alternative metal band Nonpoint covered Evil Ways and put it as bonus track on the special edition of their release Development. Los Lonely Boys perform this song on their 2009 tribute EP entitled 1969. Zack was a rockabilly artist out of the Midwest who recorded a song with the same title for a small regional label in 1960, however. The music was used in the scene in The Fast. The music was used in 2014 in a commercial for PODS, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
10.
Chicano rock
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Chicano rock is rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. Chicano Rock, to an extent, does not refer to any single style or approach. Some of these groups do not sing in Spanish at all, Chicano rock is the distinctive style of rock and roll music performed by Mexican Americans from East L. A. and Southern California that contains themes of their cultural experiences. There are two undercurrents in Chicano rock, one is a devotion to the original rhythm and blues and country roots of Rock and roll. Chicano rock n roll star Ritchie Valens, was a Mexican-American singer and songwriter influential in the Chicano rock movement and he recorded numerous hits during his short career, most notably the 1958 hit La Bamba. Valens died at age 17 in a crash with fellow musicians Buddy Holly. The tragedy was later immortalized as the day the music died in the song American Pie, another characteristic is the openness to Latin American sounds and influences. Los Lobos in particular alternates between R&B/roots rock and the Tex-Mex/Latin rock style, the 1958 hit song Tequila. was written and sung by the saxophone player Danny Flores and performed by The Champs. Flores, who died in September 2006, was known as the Godfather of Latino Rock, groups like Ozomatli and Quetzal had led the new wave of Latin Rock groups that fuse multiple musical genres. Ozomatli has been mixing rock, hip-hop, funk, cumbia and they do not have a category for Ozomatli because they mix genres and music together to where they are one, much like how they have spread their music around the globe. Their song “City of Angels, ” has presented Latino rock on the lands of America and has spread in the state of California. Quetzal, the band from the barrios of East Los Angeles has been creating heartfelt Latin folk. The band combines rock, Afro-Cuban, country blues, and jazz elements to support the wide-ranging, bilingual, the retro-futuristic mix has garnered praise from critics the LA Times calls them a world-class act and support from such luminaries as Los Lobos. Quetzal simultaneously forges a sound that makes you dance and contemplate change, another musician to consider includes Robert Lopez aka El Vez-The Mexican Elvis. Robert Lopez aka El Vez started operating an art gallery called “La Luz de Jesus”, since Lopez’s impersonator did not meet his expectation El Vez was created. El Vez’s first performance was in Memphis, Tennessee on August 16,1989, Lopez started making karaoke tapes while running his gallery. Most of his music does not include sacred topics, but it doesn’t mean he doesn’t respect them. His goal is to blur the line between what is sacred and profane allowing him to have wide age range in his audience and he has been releasing albums since 1994 continuing to use satire and humor in his songs to express revolutionary views. His lyrics are like history lessons containing strong, clear, radical message. Some teachers and professors use his music to teach history, Dick Hugg and KRLA1110 played a big role in promoting this music
11.
Carlos Santana
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Carlos Santana audio is a Mexican and American musician who first became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his band, Santana, which pioneered a fusion of rock and Latin American music. The bands sound featured his melodic, blues-based guitar lines set against Latin and African rhythms featuring percussion instruments such as timbales, Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades. He experienced a resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s, in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine listed Santana at number 20 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He has won 10 Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards, Santana was born in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico. He learned to play the violin at age five and the guitar at age eight under the tutelage of his father and his younger brother, Jorge Santana, would also become a professional guitarist. Young Carlos was heavily influenced by Ritchie Valens at a time there were very few Mexicans in American rock. The family moved from Autlán de Navarro to Tijuana, the city on Mexicos border with California, Carlos stayed in Tijuana but later joined his family in San Francisco, graduating from James Lick Middle School, and in 1965 from Mission High School. Carlos was accepted at California State University, Northridge, and Humboldt State University, Santana was influenced by popular artists of the 1950s such as B. B. King, T-Bone Walker, and John Lee Hooker. Soon after he began playing guitar, he joined local bands along the Tijuana Strip where he was able to begin adding his own touch to 50s Rock n Roll. He was also introduced to a variety of new influences, including jazz and folk music. After several years spent working as a dishwasher in a diner and busking for spare change, in 1966 he gained prominence due to a series of accidental events, all happening on the same day. Santana was a frequent spectator at Bill Grahams Fillmore West, during a Sunday matinee show, Paul Butterfield was slated to perform there but was unable to do so as a result of being intoxicated. Santanas manager, Stan Marcum, immediately suggested to Graham that Santana join the impromptu band, during the jam session, Santanas guitar playing and solo gained the notice of both the audience and Graham. During the same year, Santana formed the Santana Blues Band, with street musicians David Brown, Marcus Malone. With their highly original blend of Latin-infused rock, jazz, blues, salsa and African rhythms, the bands early success, capped off by a memorable performance at Woodstock in 1969, led to him signing a recording contract with Columbia Records, then run by Clive Davis. Santana was signed by CBS Records and went into the studio to record their first album and they were not satisfied with the release and decided changes needed to be made. This resulted in the dismissal of drummer Bob Livingston, Santana replaced him with Mike Shrieve, who had a strong background in both jazz and rock. Percussionist Marcus Malone was forced to quit the band due to manslaughter charges
12.
A Lighter Shade of Brown
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LSOB was formed in 1989 by One Dope Mexican and Dont Try To Xerox. They recorded demos and landed a record deal soon after with small independent label Pump and their debut album, 1990s Brown and Proud, brought the group their lone Top 40 single in the U. S. The song also went to #1 for 2 weeks in New Zealand, the duo provided songs for Latino-market movies such as Mi Vida Loca and I Like It Like That following the release of their second LP, 1992s Hip Hop Locos, which failed to chart. The success of Sunday Afternoon nonetheless resulted in Mercury Records signing the group and releasing their third disc, Layin in the Cut, the record did not sell as well as was hoped, peaking at #184 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. LSOB went on a hiatus, returning in 1997 on indie with Danny Dice. Their self-titled fourth album featured guest appearances from Rappin 4-Tay and Dwayne Wiggins of Tony,1999 marked the last of their releases, including a greatest hits album and a non-charting single, Sunny Day. That year, Gutierrez became a DJ at San Bernardino radio station KGGI and Bobby carried on touring as LSOB, a decade later on October 182011 the album Its A Wrap was released through Illuminated Entertainment Group. The album was produced by Playalitical and Ramirez is the one out of the group that raps on it as sort of a one-man Lighter Shade of Brown. The albums radio single Call Me Over was produced by Fingazz and featured Playalitical, a music video was also filmed and released for the song. On June 25,2016, Rumors surfaced that DTTX had died, although ODM commented he is still living but in critical condition. On July 18th, he died after being in a coma for 11 days
13.
Brown & Proud
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Brown & Proud is the debut album by Latin rap group, A Lighter Shade of Brown. It was released in 1990 for Pump Records and was produced by Jammin James Carter, Fabe Love, DJ Romeo, the album peaked at #184 on the Billboard 200 and #8 on the Top Heatseekers. Two single made it to the charts, Latin Active made it to #59 on the Billboard Hot 100 and On a Sunday Afternoon made it to #39 on the same chart. Brown and Proud-3,46 El Varrio-4,13 Spill the Wine-3,06 Pancho Villa-3,54 Poquito Soul-4,01 La Cucaracha-0,18 T. J. Nights-3,29 On a Sunday Afternoon-3,47 Bouncin-3,17 Latin Active-3,31 T. J. J. Nights One of These Nights by Eagles Play That Funky Music by Wild Cherry Latin Active I Like What Youre Doing to Me by Young and Company Radio Activity by Royal Cash
14.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
15.
Cypress Hill
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Cypress Hill is an American hip hop group from South Gate, California. Cypress Hill was the first Latino American hip hop recording group to have platinum and multi-platinum albums and they are considered to be among the main progenitors of West Coast rap and hip hop in the early 1990s, being critically acclaimed for their first four albums. The band has also advocated for medical and recreational use of cannabis in the United States, senen Reyes and Ulpiano Sergio Reyes are brothers born in Pinar del Río, Cuba. In 1971, their family immigrated to the United States from Cuba and they initially lived in South Gate, California. In 1988, the two teamed up with New York City native Lawrence Muggerud and Louis Freese to form a hip-hop group named DVX. The band soon lost Mellow Man Ace to a solo career, after recording a demo in 1989, Cypress Hill signed a record deal with the major label, Columbia Records. Their self-titled first album was released in August 1991, the lead single was the double A-side The Phuncky Feel One/How I Could Just Kill a Man which received heavy airplay on urban and college radio. The other two singles released from the album were Hand on the Pump and Latin Lingo, the latter of which combined English and Spanish lyrics, the success of these singles led to the album selling two million copies in the US alone. Cypress Hill contributed the song Shoot Em Up to the soundtrack of the movie Juice, the group made their first appearance at Lollapalooza on the side stage in 1992. Black Sunday, the second album, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 in 1993. Also, with their debut still in the charts, they became the first rap group to have 2 albums in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 at the same time. With Insane in the Brain becoming a hit, the album went triple platinum in the U. S. The band headlined the Soul Assassins tour with House of Pain and Funkdoobiest as support, then performed on a tour with Rage Against the Machine. In 1993, Cypress Hill also had two tracks on the Judgment Night soundtrack, teaming up with Pearl Jam on the track Real Thing and Sonic Youth on I Love You Mary Jane. The group later played at Woodstock 94, introducing new member Eric Bobo, son of Willie Bobo, rolling Stone magazine named the group as the best rap group in their music awards voted by critics and readers. Cypress Hill played at Lollapalooza for two years, topping the bill in 1995. They also appeared on the Homerpalooza episode of The Simpsons, prior to Bobo joining the crew, Panchito Ponch Gomez sat in as a percussionist when not acting. Their third album III, Temples of Boom was released in 1995, Cypress Hill also contributed a track I Wanna Get High to the High Times sponsored Hempilation album to support NORML
16.
Big Pun
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Christopher Lee Rios, better known by his stage name Big Pun, was an American rapper. Emerging from the hip hop scene in The Bronx borough of New York City, in the early 1990s. He first appeared on tracks from Fat Joes second album Jealous Ones Envy in 1995, Puns lyrics are notable for technical efficiency, having minimal pauses to take a breath, heavy use of alliteration as well as internal and multi-syllabic rhyming schemes. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest rappers of all time, about. com ranked him #25 on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of All Time, while MTV2 ranked him #11 on its list of the 22 Greatest MCs. In 2012, The Source ranked him #19 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time, Rios was born on November 10,1971 in The Bronx, New York City, United States, to parents of Puerto Rican descent. He grew up in the South Bronx neighborhood of the city, at the age of five, Rios broke his leg while playing in a park, which would later lead to a large settlement from the city. By all accounts from Puns family, his years were very difficult, including witnessing his mothers drug abuse. During the mid-1980s, he began writing rap lyrics and he later formed the underground rap group called Full-A-Clips which included rappers Lyrical Assassin, Joker Jamz and Toom. Rios made a number of recordings with the group in the early-1990s, at this point Rios was operating under the alias Big Moon Dawg. He also appeared on The Beatnuts song Off the Books Later, Im Not a Player was supported by a significant advertising campaign, in 1996 Big Pun began recording songs for his debut album Capital Punishment. In 1997 producer Knobodys production partner Sean C took advantage of his new role as A&R at Loud Records to play Knobodys tracks to Big Pun, suitably impressed the rapper hired Knobody to remix Im Not a Player. The remixed song, featuring Joe and titled Still Not a Player, became Big Puns first major mainstream hit, the full-length debut Capital Punishment followed in 1998, and became the first album by a solo Latino rapper to go platinum, peaking at #5 on the Billboard 200. Capital Punishment was also nominated for a Grammy, the album did not fare well commercially but it was well received critically and the album was meant to start the foundation for all other Terror Squad members to release their solo projects. Pun struggled with a problem for all of his adult life. His weight fluctuated in the early 1990s between obese and morbidly obese, Pun was pronounced dead at the hospital after paramedics could not revive him. Big Pun was at his highest weight at the time of his death,698 pounds and he was cremated a few days later. Big Pun is survived by his wife, Liza, and their three children, Amanda, Vanessa, and Christopher Jr and his second album, Yeeeah Baby, completed after his death, was released as originally intended in April 2000. It peaked at #3 on the Billboard charts and earned gold status within three months of its release
17.
Eazy-E
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Eric Lynn Wright, better known by his stage name Eazy-E, was an American rapper who performed solo and in the hip hop group N. W. A. Wright is affectionately called The Godfather of Gangsta Rap and he was born to Richard and Kathie Wright in Compton, California. After dropping out of school in the tenth grade, he supported himself primarily by selling drugs before founding Ruthless Records. Arabian Prince, Eazy-E, Dr. Dre and Ice Cube formed N. W. A, after DJ Yella and MC Ren joined the group, N. W. A released their debut single Panic Zone. In 1988, they released their most controversial album, Straight Outta Compton, the group released two more albums and then disbanded after Eazy released Dr. Dre from his contract. Eazys main influences included 1970s funk groups, contemporary rappers, over-the-top lyrics, and undeniable charisma made him a star. Eric Wright was born to Richard and Kathie Wright on September 7,1964, in Compton, California and his father was a postal worker and his mother was a grade school administrator. Wright dropped out of school in the tenth grade. Wright supported himself primarily by selling drugs, introduced to the occupation by his cousin, Wrights friend Jerry Heller admits that he witnessed Wright selling marijuana, but says that he never saw him sell cocaine. As Heller noted in his book Ruthless, A Memoir, Wrights dope dealer label was part of his self-forged armor, Wright was also labeled as a thug. Heller explains, The hood where he grew up was a dangerous place, thug was a role that was widely understood on the street, it gave you a certain level of protection in the sense that people hesitated to fuck with you. Likewise, dope dealer was a role that accorded you certain privileges, in 1986, at the age of 22, Wright had allegedly earned as much as US$250,000 from dealing drugs. However, after his cousin was shot and killed, he decided that he could make a living in the Los Angeles hip hop scene. He started recording songs during the mid-1980s in his parents garage, the original idea for Ruthless Records came when Wright asked Heller to go into business with him. Wright suggested a company, but it was later decided that Wright would get eighty percent of the companys income. According to Heller, he told Wright, Every dollar comes into Ruthless, thats industry standard for a manager of my caliber. I take twenty, you take eighty percent, I am responsible for my expenses, and youre responsible for yours. Along with Heller, Wright invested much of his money into Ruthless Records, Heller claims that he invested the first $250,000, and would eventually put up to $1,000,000 into the company
18.
Brownside
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Brownside is a Chicano hip-hop group founded in 1993 by the late Eazy-E. The group originally consisted of rappers Toker, Wicked, and Danger, originally, Eazy-Es intentions on signing Brownside to Ruthless Records was to create a Chicano version of the critically acclaimed rap group N. W. A. Toker had attended school in Compton, California where he later met Eazy-E. It is said that towards the end of Eazys life he was attracted to Chicano rap in California, Brownside has been known to use Sureño slang in their lyrics, as well as album covers. Brownside was one of the most promising Latin Hip-Hop groups coming out of Los Angeles. Brownsides line-up included members Toker, Danger and Wicked, in 1994, they were signed to Eazys Ruthless Records and released only one single entitled Gang Related. However, they did record one track with Eric Eazy-E Wright entitled Eastside Drama which was not released at that time, after Eazy-E died on 26 March 1995, Brownside, among many of their label mates, was dropped from the label. Eastside Drama Their debut album, Eastside Drama, released early 1997, was recorded at the G-Spot Studio and featured a Chicano version of Eazy-Es Boyz n the Hood called Vatos N The Varrio. Brownsides main image was that they arent rappers trying to be gangbangers and their greatest hardship came in 1997 when member Danger was gunned down in a drive-by shooting in San Bernardino, CA. As a result of the shooting, Brownsides Toker and Wicked had to make their 1997 LP Eastside Drama without Danger, the first single from that LP was Life On The Streets. The dedication song on the album entitled Rest In Piece AKA Firme Memories, samples The Tempreess Love Can Be So Wonderful, Payback In 2002, they released Payback which contains unreleased tracks and some remixes of their tracks from Eastside Drama. The Takeover In 2006, they released The Takeover which introduced a new member to Brownside, Trouble, Bangin Storyz In May 27,2016 Brownside released Bangin Storyz. Which introduced a new member Klever, Eastside Drama 1997 Payback 1999 Mr. Bald & Brown 1999 Wickeds Transa 2002 The Take Over 2006 One Out Of Many 2006 Trece Razones 2008 Bangin Storyz 2016
