Chiltern is a town in Victoria, Australia, in the northeast of the state between Wangaratta and Wodonga, in the Shire of Indigo. At the 2021 census, Chiltern had a population of 1,580. It is the birthplace of Prime Minister John McEwen. The town is close to the Chiltern-Mount Pilot National Park. Chiltern was once on the main road between Melbourne and Sydney but is now bypassed by the Hume Freeway running one kilometre to the south.

Sir John McEwen was an Australian politician and farmer who served as the 18th prime minister of Australia from 1967 to 1968. He was the leader of the Country Party from 1958 to 1971, serving as prime minister in a caretaker capacity following the disappearance of prime minister Harold Holt. He subsequently served as the inaugural deputy prime minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971.