Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the world's 44th most populous country; the southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate.
Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation; the country is multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims; the government system is modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, he is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister; the country's official language is a standard form of the Malay language.
English remains an active second language. Since independence, Malaysian GDP has grown at an average of 6.5% per annum for 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism and medical tourism. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked fourth largest in Southeast Asia and 38th largest in the world, it is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement. The name "Malaysia" is a combination of the word "Malay" and the Latin-Greek suffix "-sia"/-σία; the word "melayu" in Malay may derive from the Tamil words "malai" and "ur" meaning "mountain" and "city, land", respectively. "Malayadvipa" was the word used by ancient Indian traders. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word "melayu" or "mlayu" may have been used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to accelerate or run.
This term was applied to describe the strong current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra. Before the onset of European colonisation, the Malay Peninsula was known natively as "Tanah Melayu". Under a racial classification created by a German scholar Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, the natives of maritime Southeast Asia were grouped into a single category, the Malay race. Following the expedition of French navigator Jules Dumont d'Urville to Oceania in 1826, he proposed the terms of "Malaysia", "Micronesia" and "Melanesia" to the Société de Géographie in 1831, distinguishing these Pacific cultures and island groups from the existing term "Polynesia". Dumont d'Urville described Malaysia as "an area known as the East Indies". In 1850, the English ethnologist George Samuel Windsor Earl, writing in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, proposed naming the islands of Southeast Asia as "Melayunesia" or "Indunesia", favouring the former.
In modern terminology, "Malay" remains the name of an ethnoreligious group of Austronesian people predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and portions of the adjacent islands of Southeast Asia, including the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, smaller islands that lie between these areas. The state that gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957 took the name the "Federation of Malaya", chosen in preference to other potential names such as "Langkasuka", after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE; the name "Malaysia" was adopted in 1963 when the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, plus Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak formed a new federation. One theory posits the name was chosen so that "si" represented the inclusion of Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak to Malaya in 1963. Politicians in the Philippines contemplated renaming their state "Malaysia" before the modern country took the name. Evidence of modern human habitation in Malaysia dates back 40,000 years.
In the Malay Peninsula, the first inhabitants are thought to be Negritos. Traders and settlers from India and China arrived as early as the first century AD, establishing trading ports and coastal towns in the second and third centuries, their presence resulted in strong Indian and Chinese influences on the local cultures, the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Sanskrit inscriptions appear as early as the fifth century; the Kingdom of
President of South Korea
The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the South Korean constitution, the chairperson of the cabinet, the chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the head of state of South Korea. The Constitution and the amended Presidential Election Act of 1987 provide for election of the president by direct, secret ballot, ending sixteen years of indirect presidential elections under the preceding two governments; the president is directly elected with no possibility of re-election. If a presidential vacancy should occur, a successor must be elected within sixty days, during which time presidential duties are to be performed by the prime minister or other senior cabinet members in the order of priority as determined by law. While in office, the chief executive lives in Cheong Wa Dae, is exempt from criminal liability. Moon Jae-in, former human rights lawyer and chief of staff to then-President Roh Moo-hyun, assumed post of President of South Korea on 10 May 2017 upon being elected with a plurality of 41.1%, in contrast to 24.0% and 21.4% won by his major opponents, conservative Hong Joon-pyo and centrist Ahn Cheol-soo, respectively.
Chapter 3 of the South Korean constitution states the powers of the president. The president is required to: uphold the Constitution preserve the safety and homeland of South Korea work for the peaceful reunification of Korea act as the Chairperson of the National Unification Advisory CouncilAlso, the president is given the powers: as the head of the executive branch of government as the commander-in-chief of the South Korean military to declare war to hold referendum regarding issues of national importance to issue executive orders to issue medals in honor of service for the nation to issue pardons to declare a state of emergency suspending all laws or enacting a state of martial law to veto bills If the National Assembly votes against a presidential decision, it will be declared void immediately; the president may refer important policy matters to a national referendum, declare war, conclude peace and other treaties, appoint senior public officials, grant amnesty. In times of serious internal or external turmoil or threat, or economic or financial crises, the president may assume emergency powers "for the maintenance of national security or public peace and order."
Emergency measures may be taken only when the National Assembly is not in session and when there is no time for it to convene. The measures are limited to the "minimum necessary." The 1987 Constitution removed the 1980 Constitution's explicit provisions that empowered the government to temporarily suspend the freedoms and rights of the people. However, the president is permitted to take other measures that could amend or abolish existing laws for the duration of a crisis, it is unclear whether such emergency measures could temporarily suspend portions of the Constitution itself. Emergency measures must be referred to the National Assembly for concurrence. If not endorsed by the assembly, the emergency measures can be revoked. In this respect, the power of the legislature is more vigorously asserted than in cases of ratification of treaties or declarations of war, in which the Constitution states that the National Assembly "has the right to consent" to the president's actions. In a change from the 1980 Constitution, the 1987 Constitution stated that the president is not permitted to dissolve the National Assembly.
The official residence of the president is Cheong Wa Dae. It means'the House of the Blue Roof Tiles', so it is called the "Blue House" in English; the president is assisted by the staff of the Presidential Secretariat, headed by a cabinet-rank secretary general. Apart from the State Council, or cabinet, the chief executive relies on several constitutional organs; these constitutional organs included the National Security Council, which provided advice concerning the foreign and domestic policies bearing on national security. Chaired by the president, the council in 1990 had as its statutory members the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, the ministers for foreign affairs, home affairs and national defense, the director of the Agency for National Security Planning, known as the Korean Central Intelligence Agency until December 1980, others designated by the president. Another important body is the National Unification Advisory Council, inaugurated in June 1981 under the chairpersonship of the president.
From its inception, this body had no policy role, but rather appeared to serve as a government sounding board and as a means to disburse political rewards by providing large numbers of dignitaries and others with titles and opportunities to meet periodically with the president and other senior officials. The president was assisted in 1990 by the Audit and Inspection Board. In addition to auditing the accounts of all public institutions, the board scrutinized the administrative performance of government agencies and public officials, its findings were reported to the president and the National Assembly, which itself had broad powers to inspect the work of the bureaucracy under the provisions of the Constitution. Board members were appointed by the president. One controversial constitutional organ was the Advisory Council of Elder Statesmen, which replaced a smaller body in February 1988, just before Roh Tae Woo was sworn in as president; this body was supposed to be chaired by the immed
Park Chung-hee
Park Chung-hee was a South Korean politician and general who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 coup in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army. Park's coup brought an end to the interim government of the Second Republic and his election and inauguration in 1963 ushered in the Third Republic. Seeking to bring South Korea into the developed world, Park began a series of economic policies that brought rapid economic growth and industrialization to the nation that became known as the Miracle on the Han River. South Korea became one of the fastest growing nations during the 70s as a result. Although popular during the 60s by the 70s as growth began to slow Park's popularity started wane resulting in a close victory during the 1971 South Korean presidential election.
Following this in 1972, Park declared martial law and amended the constitution into a authoritarian document called the Yushin Constitution. Formally, the pretense was. In actuality, its effect was tantamount to an abolishment of the former Constitution -- creating a new one in an effort to legitimize the new Fourth Republic. Although economic growth enjoyed a resurgence during this time, political opposition and dissent was repressed and Park had complete control of the Media and Military. Park survived several previous attempts to kill him, including two operations associated with North Korea. Following the student uprising known as the Bu-Ma Democratic Protests, Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by his close friend Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, at a safe house in Seoul. Cha Ji-chul, chief of the Presidential Security Service, was fatally shot by Kim. Kim and his many accomplices were captured, tried and executed as Choi Kyu-hah became Acting President pursuant to the Yushin Constitution's Article 48.
Major General Chun Doo-hwan amassed sweeping powers after his Defense Security Command was charged with investigating the assassination, first taking control of the military and the KCIA before installing another military junta and assuming the presidency in 1980. Whether the assassination was spontaneous or premeditated is something that remains unclear today -- the motivations of Kim Jae-gyu are still debated. Economic growth continued throughout the 80s after Park's death and the country democratized. Presidents included people arrested under Park's regime. Park has been ranked by the public as the greatest South Korean president but he still remains a controversial figure in modern South Korean political discourse and among the South Korean populace in general for his dictatorship and undemocratic ways. While some credit him for sustaining the Miracle on the Han River, which reshaped and modernized South Korea, others criticize his authoritarian way of ruling the country and for prioritizing economic growth and contrived social order at the expense of civil liberties.
In 2012 the Park Chung-hee Presidential Library and Museum was opened. On 25 February 2013, his eldest daughter, Park Geun-hye, became the first female president of South Korea, she was impeached and removed from office on 10 March 2017 as a result of an influence-peddling scandal. On 6 April 2018, Park's daughter was sentenced to 24 years in prison for corruption. Park was born on 14 November 1917, in Gumi, North Gyeongsang in Korea under Japanese rule, to parents Park Sung-bin and Bek Nam-eui, he was two sisters in a poor Yangban family. Intelligent and ambitious, Park's hero from his boyhood on was Napoleon, he expressed much disgust that he had to grow up in the poor and backward countryside of Korea, a place, not suitable for someone like himself; those who knew Park as a youth recalled that a recurring theme of his remarks was his wish to "escape" from the Korean countryside. As someone who had grown up under Japanese rule, Park expressed his admiration for Japan's rapid modernization after the Meiji Restoration of 1867 and for Bushido, the Japanese warrior code.
As a youth, he won admission to a teaching school in Daegu and worked as a teacher in Mungyeong-eup after graduating in high school, but was a mediocre student. Following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the ambitious Park decided to enter the Changchun Military Academy of the Manchukuo Imperial Army, with help from Imperial Japanese Army Colonel Arikawa. During this time, he adopted the Japanese name Takagi Masao, he graduated top of his class in 1942 and was recognized as a talented officer by his Japanese instructors, who recommended him for further studies at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in Japan. After graduating third in the class of 1944, Park was commissioned as a lieutenant into the Imperial Army of Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet-state, served during the final stages of World War II as aide-de-camp to a regimental commander, he changed his name again from Takagi Masao to Okamoto Minoru in order to engage in intelligence activities against Korean guerrillas operating in the region.
The Japanese used Korean turncoats to suppress Korean armed resistance. Park returned to Kore
Mapo District
Mapo District is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. Mapo has a population of 381,330 and has a geographic area of 23.87 km2, is divided into 24 dong. Mapo is located in western Seoul on the northern bank of the Han River, bordering the Gyeonggi Province city of Goyang to the northwest, the Seoul city districts of Gangseo to the west, Yeongdeungpo to the south, Yongsan to the southeast, Jung to the east, Seodaemun and Eunpyeong to the north. Mapo is home to several universities and government buildings, is well known for the Hongdae club district around Hongik University. Mapo is connected to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway's Line 2, Line 5, Line 6, the The Airport Railroad, the Korail Gyeongui-Jungang Line all pass through this district; the Seoul World Cup Stadium, a famous landmark in Seoul, is located in Sangam in northwest Mapo. Mapo District Office is located near World Cup Stadium. Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 6 passes near the office, it has a station name "Mapo-gu Office" 150 metres east of the office.
The district office has 5 Bureaus, 1 Community Health Center, 36 Divisions, 1 Room, 1 Task Force Team, 16 Community Service Centers. Mapo District Office employs about 1,300 personnels; the entire office is headed by Administrator. Current Administrator is Hong-seop Park. Mapo District was formed in 1944 from portions of Yongsan Districts; the dong structure was revised in 1985 and 2008. 53% of Mapo District's area is taken up by residences, many of which are high-rise apartment buildings. Much of the remaining area is greenspace, including the World Cup Park and additional parkland along the Han River. Mapo District revamped its precincts; the revision aimed to merge some precincts into one big precincts. This reduces number of administrative office for precincts; as a result, the number of precinct offices decreased to 16 from 24. However, the administrative revamp did not change the address system. For example, let us suppose you live in Changjeon precinct; this precinct is now merged to Seogang precinct.
The precinct name in your address is still retained as Changjeon precinct. These are the revamped administrative precincts: The name "Mapo" comes from the name of an old ferry across the Han River, can be translated as "hemp ferry." Four college or university institutions, including Sogang University and Hongik University, are located within Mapo District. The area around Hongik University known as Hongdae, is well known as one of the cultural centers of Seoul, was named one of the coolest neighborhoods in the world in 2016. There are eight high schools, including Seoul Girls' High School, along with 12 middle schools and 20 elementary schools serving the community. There are three special schools for industrial educations. Due to the presence of university students in the district, Mapo District offers a large variety of shopping and dining options; the area around Ewha Women's University is known for its affordable yet trendy merchandise, while neighboring Shinchon has an enormous number of take out and sit down restaurants.
International schools: Japanese School in Seoul in Sangam-dong Dwight School Seoul Shijingshan, China Media related to Mapo-gu, Seoul at Wikimedia Commons Mapo-gu government website
Choi (Korean surname)
Choi is a common Korean family name. In English-speaking countries, it is most anglicized Choi, sometimes Choe. Ethnic Koreans in the former USSR prefer the form Tsoi as a transcription of the Cyrillic Цой. According to Samguk Sagi, the Gyeongju clan originates from chief Sobeoldori of Goheochon, one of six villages that united to found Silla; the Haeju clan is an offshoot of the Gyeongju clan. The progenitor of the Chungju clan is General Choi Seung known as Choi Woo, of Silla The progenitor of the Nangju clan is Choi Heun of Silla, a native of Yeongam of the southern Jeolla region. Choi Ri was the leader of the Lelang Commandery of the Han Dynasty. Choi Ri was the leader of a clan of squid farmers known for domestication of prehistoric song birds of the Han Dynasty. There are 160 clans of Chois. Most of these are quite small. However, Choi is the 4th most common surname in Korea; the largest by far is the Gyeongju Choi clan, with a 2000 South Korean population of 976,820. The Gyeongju Choe claim the Silla scholar Choe Chi-won as their founder.
Gyeongju clan - Choe Chiwon Jeonju clan - Choe Bu Dongju clan Haeju clan - Suk-bin Choe Saknyeong clan - Choe Hang, Choi Byung Ju Gangneung clan Hwasun clan Ganghwa clan Yeongcheon clan Tamjin clan Ubong clan - Choe Hang Suwaon clan Yeongheung clan Suseong clan Chungju Choe clan Goesan clan - Choe Sejin Heunghae clan Yeongam clan Choi is written with the Hanja character 崔, meaning "a governor who oversees the land and the mountain". The surname Choi means mountain or pinnacle. Choi written in Hanja, is derived from the combination of 2 ancient Chinese characters: 山 is a pictogram symbolizing the mountains. In Korean, 최 is pronounced "Chwe" except by some older speakers who pronounce it. In English, it is most pronounced "Choy". 崔 is Romanized as Cuī and pronounced in Mandarin Chinese. It is Chēui in Chhui in Hokkien. Anita Tsoi, Russian pop singer, wife of Sergey Tsoy Ashley and leader of South Korean girl group Ladies' Code Choi Cheol-han, South Korean professional Go player Choi Chol-su, North Korean boxer Choe Chung-heon, military dictator of the Goryeo period Choi Da-bin, South Korean figure skater Dan Choi, American LGBT rights activist and former American officer David Choi, Korean American musician popular in YouTube Seven, South Korean singer Choi Eun-hee, South Korean actress once abducted to the North Choi Eun-kyung, South Korean speedskater Choi Eun-kyung, South Korean field hockey player Choi Gee-sung, high-ranking Samsung executive G.
NA, Canadian-born South Korean K-pop singer Choi Han, South Korean voice actor Choi Han-bit, South Korean model Hansol Vernon Choi, rapper of South Korean boy group Seventeen Hee-seop Choi, a South Korean baseball player Choi Hong Hi, South Korean general considered the principal founder of taekwondo Choi Hong-man, South Korean kickboxer Wheesung, South Korean singer Choi Hye Hyun, an American-Korean dentist Jay Pil Choi, American economist Jennifer Choi, American violinist Jenny Choi, American singer and cellist Choi Ji-woo, South Korean actress Choi Jin-cheul, K-League footballer Choi Jin-ri, stage name Sulli and former member of South Korean girl group f Choi Jin-sil, South Korean actress, nicknamed "The Nation's Actress" Choi Jong-hoon, member of South Korean rock band F. T. Island Choe Jun and philanthropist Zelo member of South Korean boy band B. A. P Choi Jun-hyuk, member of South Korean boy band Hotshot Choi Jung-in, South Korean singer Choi Jung-won, South Korean actress Choi Jung-won, South Korean singer Choi Jung-won, South Korean speed skater Choi Jung-yoon, South Korean actress Kenneth Choi, American actor Kwang Jo Choi, South Korean martial artist, creator of Choi Kwang-Do Choi Kwon-soo, South Korean actor Choi Kyoung-hwan, South Korean politician K. J. Choi, professional golfer Choi Kyu-hah, transitional President of South Korea following the assassination of Park Chung-hee Choe Manri, an early critic of hangul Choi Min-ho, member of South Korean boy band SHINee Choi Min-hwan and member of South Korean band F.
T. Island Ren, member of South Korean boy band NU'EST Choi Min-sik, South Korean actor Choe Mu-seon, 14th-century Korean inventor Choe Myong-ho, North Korean football player Choi Myung-hoon, South Korean professional Go player Choe Nam-seon, Korean historian and independence activist Choi Na-yeon, South Korean female professional golfer Choi Ri, South Korean actress Choi Sang-ki, South Korean voice actor Choe Sejin, 15th-century linguist Choi Seong-woo, South Korean voice actor Sergey Tsoy, Russian politician T. O. P, actor and member of South Korean boy band Big Bang S. Coups and rapper of South Korean boy group Seventeen Choi Siwon and member of South Korean boy band Super Junior Choi Soo-jin, South Korean voice actress Choi Soon-ho, So
Korean name
A Korean name consists of a family name followed by a given name, as used by the Korean people in both South Korea and North Korea. In the Korean language, ireum or seongmyeong refers to the family name and given name together. Traditional Korean family names consist of only one syllable. There is no middle name in the English language sense. Many Koreans have their given names made of a generational name syllable and an individually distinct syllable, though this practice is declining in the younger generations; the generational name syllable is shared by siblings in North Korea, by all members of the same generation of an extended family in South Korea. Married men and women keep their full personal names, children inherit the father's family name unless otherwise settled when registering the marriage; the family names are subdivided into bon-gwan, i.e. extended families which originate in the lineage system used in previous historical periods. Each clan is identified by a specific place, traces its origin to a common patrilineal ancestor.
Early names based on the Korean language were recorded in the Three Kingdoms period, but with the growing adoption of the Chinese writing system, these were replaced by names based on Chinese characters. During periods of Mongol influence, the ruling class supplemented their Korean names with Mongolian names; because of the many changes in Korean romanization practices over the years, modern Koreans, when using languages written in Latin script, romanize their names in various ways, most approximating the pronunciation in English orthography. Some keep the original order of names, while others reverse the names to match the usual Western pattern. According to the population and housing census of 2000 conducted by the South Korean government, there are a total of 286 surnames and 4,179 clans. Fewer than 300 Korean family names were in use in 2000, the three most common account for nearly half of the population. For various reasons, there is a growth in the number of Korean surnames; each family name is divided into one or more clans.
For example, the most populous clan is Gimhae Kim. Clans are further subdivided into various pa, or branches stemming from a more recent common ancestor, so that a full identification of a person's family name would be clan-surname-branch. For example, "Gyeongju Yissi" romanized as "Gyeongju Leessi" and "Yeonan-Yissi" are, technically speaking different surnames though both are, in most places referred to as "Yi" or "Lee"; this means people from the same clan are considered to be of same blood, such that marriage of a man and a woman of same surname and bon-gwan is considered a strong taboo, regardless of how distant the actual lineages may be to the present day. Traditionally, Korean women keep their family names after their marriage, but their children take the father's surname. In the premodern, patriarchal Korean society, people were conscious of familial values and their own family identities. Korean women keep their surnames after marriage based on traditional reasoning that it is inherited from their parents and ancestors, cannot be changed.
According to traditions, each clan publishes a comprehensive genealogy every 30 years. Around a dozen two-syllable surnames are used; the five most common family names, which together make up over half of the Korean population, are used by over 20 million people in South Korea. After the 2015 census, it was revealed that foreign-origin family names were becoming more common in South Korea, due to naturalised citizens transcribing their surnames in hangul. Between 2000 and 2015, more than 4,800 new surnames were registered. During the census, a total of 5,582 distinct surnames were collected, 73% of which do not have corresponding hanja characters, it was revealed that despite the surge in the number of surnames, the ratio of top 10 surnames had not changed. 44.6% of South Koreans are still named Kim, Lee or Park, while the rest of the top 10 are made up of Choi, Kang, Jo, Yoon and Lim. Traditionally, given names are determined by generation names, a custom originating in China. One of the two characters in a given name is unique to the individual, while the other is shared by all people in a family generation.
In both North and South Korea, generational names are no longer shared by cousins, but are still shared by brothers and sisters. Given names are composed of hanja, or Chinese characters. In North Korea, the hanja are no longer used to write the names, but the meanings are still understood. In South Korea, section 37 of the Family Registry Law requires that the hanja in personal names be taken from a restricted list. Unapproved hanja must be represented by hangul in the family registry. In March 1991, the Supreme Court of South Korea published the Table of Hanja for Personal Name Use, which allowed a total of 2,854 hanja in new South Korean given names; the list was expanded in 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013 and 2015. Thus, 8,142 hanja are now permitted in South Korean names, in addition to a small number of alternative forms; the use of an official list is similar to Japan's use of the jinmeiyō kanji. While the traditional practice is still followed, since the lat
Prime Minister of South Korea
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea is appointed by the President of South Korea, with the National Assembly's approval. The officeholder is not required to be a member of the National Assembly; the Prime Minister is not the head of government but rather serves in a role similar to that of a vice president. The Sino-Korean word gungmu means "state affairs" and chongni means "prime minister", "premier" or "chancellor", so the full title in Korean means "Prime Minister for State Affairs", but it is not used as official English title; the short title in Korean is just Chongni. The position was created on 31 July 1948, two weeks before the government of South Korea was founded, was held by Lee Beom-seok until 1950; the title was Chief Cabinet Minister from 1961 until 1963. On 27 April 2014, Prime Minister Chung Hong-won announced his desire to resign. However, due to unsuccessful nominations, Chung remained in office until February 2015. On 23 January 2015, President Park Geun-hye named Saenuri's Floor Leader Lee Wan-koo as the new Prime Minister.
Lee was confirmed by the National Assembly as Prime Minister on 16 February 2015. However, on April 20 of the same year, he offered his resignation to the President in the midst of a bribery scandal; the Prime Minister is the principal executive assistant to the President, while the president is the actual head of government, but not the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister holds the second position after the President in the State Council of South Korea, the nominal cabinet of South Korea; the Prime Minister assists the President by supervising ministries, making recommendations for ministers, serves as the Vice-Chairman of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister is the first in the order of succession to discharge the duties of the office of the President as the Acting President should the president be unable to discharge her or his office; the most recent person to have served as Acting President was Hwang Kyo-ahn, during the impeachment of Park Geun-hye in 2016. A Prime Minister, appointed by the President but not yet confirmed by the National Assembly is informally called as the acting Prime Minister.
The term may be applied to a Prime Minister that has resigned but in the interim remains in office in a caretaker role. The Prime Minister's Office is supported by two deputy prime ministers; the Prime Minister of South Korea have some professional background. Whereas the President is always a sole politician. Prime Minister of Korea List of Korea-related topics Politics of South Korea Office for Government Policy Coordination, Prime Minister's Secretariat South Korea at worldstatesmen.org
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