Cladistics
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Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is t
Willi Hennig 1972
Peter Chalmers Mitchell in 1920
Robert John Tillyard
Apomorphy and synapomorphy
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In phylogenetics, an apomorphy is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form. A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized
Cladistics
…clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic…
Phylogenies showing the terminology used to describe different patterns of ancestral and derived character or trait states.