1.
Clare Hall, Cambridge
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Clare Hall is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. Founded in 1966 by Clare College, Clare Hall is a college for advanced study, admitting only postgraduate students alongside postdoctoral researchers and fellows. Clare Hall is one of the smallest colleges with 180 graduate students, after Clare College decided to establish this new centre in January 1964, the initial planning was carried through by a small group of fellows of the college chaired by the Master, Sir Eric Ashby. It was soon agreed that the new centre would be called Clare Hall, the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of Bologna is so far the only institution abroad explicitly modelled upon Clare Hall. A neighbouring house, Elmside in Grange Road, provided rooms for the small number of graduate students. Sir Eric Ashby, then Master of Clare College and Vice-Chancellor of the University, among the early visiting fellows was Ivar Giaever, who was awarded a Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973. Joseph Brodsky, a fellow and poet in residence at Clare Hall in 1977, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1987. Other facilities in the grounds include a sports complex with a multi-gym and swimming pool. It also has a room which is used for Formal Hall. The university athletics track is a run from the main college buildings. In 1978 a second neighbouring house, now called Leslie Barnett House, was obtained for graduate student accommodation and this purchase also allowed the Michael Stoker and Brian Pippard Buildings to be built in the college grounds, providing further student rooms. The Anthony Low Building in the garden of Elmside was completed in 2000, providing further common rooms and the Garden Bar for the graduates on the main college site. It was renamed Clare Hall West Court and, after conversion and some major building works, now provides public rooms, studies, apartments, study bedrooms, a fitness centre and a swimming pool. The interaction between members of Clare Hall is encouraged also by college seminars, lunchtime discussions and formal lecture series, the latter includes the annual series of lectures relating to human values, given by a distinguished international scholar and sponsored by the Tanner Foundation. They also include the annual Ashby lecture, given by a fellow. Other events include art exhibitions, films and small concerts which supplement the wealth of music available in the university, the President’s term of office is fixed at seven years. In February 2013, it was announced that David Ibbetson, Regius Professor of Civil Law would succeed Harris after the summer, the late Lord Ashby was elected as the first honorary fellow of Clare Hall in 1975, on his retirement from the Mastership of Clare College. They also include the retired Presidents of the College, together with Ralph Erskine, architect of the early buildings, Clare Hall has a strong tradition in theoretical physics
2.
University of Cambridge
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The University of Cambridge is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England, often regarded as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Founded in 1209 and given royal status by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople, the two ancient universities share many common features and are often referred to jointly as Oxbridge. Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent colleges, Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the worlds oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridges libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, eight million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library. In the year ended 31 July 2015, the university had an income of £1.64 billion. The central university and colleges have an endowment of around £5.89 billion. The university is linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster known as Silicon Fen. It is a member of associations and forms part of the golden triangle of leading English universities and Cambridge University Health Partners. As of 2017, Cambridge is ranked the fourth best university by three ranking tables and no other institution in the world ranks in the top 10 for as many subjects. Cambridge is consistently ranked as the top university in the United Kingdom, the university has educated many notable alumni, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, politicians, lawyers, philosophers, writers, actors, and foreign Heads of State. Ninety-five Nobel laureates, fifteen British prime ministers and ten Fields medalists have been affiliated with Cambridge as students, faculty, by the late 12th century, the Cambridge region already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. The University of Oxford went into suspension in protest, and most scholars moved to such as Paris, Reading. After the University of Oxford reformed several years later, enough remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of the new university. A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach everywhere in Christendom, the colleges at the University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the system. No college is as old as the university itself, the colleges were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels, the hostels were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, but they have left some indicators of their time, such as the name of Garret Hostel Lane. Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, Cambridges first college, the most recently established college is Robinson, built in the late 1970s
3.
Trinity Lane
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Trinity Lane is a historical street in the heart of the college area in Cambridge, England. The lane leads off Trinity Street, the lane then turns south around the back of Gonville and Caius. Here, Trinity Hall is to the west, at the end of the lane is Clare College to the west and Kings College with its huge Chapel blocking the way to the south. Here the Old Schools are also to be found to the east and beyond that the University of Cambridge Senate House where degree ceremonies are held, the Old Schools now house the Cambridge University Offices, which form the main administration for the University. Senate House Passage is a passageway that links from near the end of Trinity Lane back to Trinity Street. Gonville and Caius College is to the north and the Senate House is to the south, Trinity Lane originally linked the High Street with the wharfs on the River Cam. In the 16th century, the east–west part of the lane was known as Find Silver Lane or Kings Childer Lane, before Kings College was built, this street continued on to what is now known as Queens Lane, leading off the north of Silver Street. Trinity Lane has changed little for several centuries, Trinity Lane, Cambridge — postcards of Cambridge Trinity Lane, Cambridge in Colour
4.
Elizabeth de Clare
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Elizabeth de Clare, 11th Lady of Clare was the heiress to the lordships of Clare, Suffolk in England and Usk in Wales. She was the youngest of the three daughters of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford and Joan of Acre, and sister of Gilbert de Clare and she is often referred to as Elizabeth de Burgh, due to her first marriage to John de Burgh. Her two successive husbands were Theobald II de Verdun and Roger dAmory, Elizabeth de Clare married three times and had three children, one by each husband. Her father had one of Englands wealthiest and most powerful nobles. This made Elizabeth one of the greatest heiresses in England and her maternal uncle, King Edward II, recalled her to England so he could select a husband for her. She left Ireland for good in 1316, leaving behind her young son and she accompanied her brother Gilbert to Ireland for their double wedding to two siblings, the son and daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Elizabeth married John de Burgh on 30 September 1308 and he was the heir to the Earl of Ulster, and Elizabeth could expect to be a countess in due course. She gave birth to their child, a son, in 1312, he would become William Donn de Burgh. Only a year later, her husband John was unexpectedly killed in a minor skirmish, a widow, Elizabeth remained in Ireland until another the death of her brother, Gilbert, at the Battle of Bannockburn in July 1314 compelled her immediate return to England. He and Elizabeth had been engaged before she was called back to England and she was Lady Verdun for only six months when Theobald died on 27 July 1316, at Alton, Staffordshire, from typhoid. He left behind three daughters from a marriage and Elizabeth, who was pregnant. Just a few weeks later after Isabels birth, Edward II married Elizabeth to Sir Roger DAmory, Lord DAmory, DAmory had been a knight in her brothers service who rose to prominence as a favourite of Edward II. Now married to him, Elizabeth was caught up in the upheavals of her uncles reign. She gave birth to daughter, Elizabeth, in May 1318. Roger was reckless and violent, and made an enemy of his brother-in-law. DAmory switched sides, joining the Marcher Lords led by Roger Mortimer and Thomas and he died of his wounds at Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire on 12 March 1322, having been captured by the royalist forces at the Battle of Boroughbridge where the rebels were soundly defeated. Elizabeth was captured at Usk Castle and imprisoned at Barking Abbey with her children by the victorious faction, elizabeths brother-in-law, Hugh Despenser the younger, lord of Glamorgan, became a particular favourite of King Edward II. With the support of the king he began to take over the adjacent lordships in south Wales and he concentrated on the lordships held by his sisters-in law and their husbands, Margaret and Hugh DAudley, and Elizabeth and Roger Damory
5.
St Hugh's College, Oxford
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St Hughs College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. It is located on a 14. 5-acre site on St Margarets Road and it was founded in 1886 by Elizabeth Wordsworth as a womens college, and accepted its first male students in its centenary year in 1986. It enjoys a reputation as one of the most attractive colleges because of its extensive, in its 125th anniversary year, the college became a registered charity under the name The Principal and Fellows of St Hughs College in the University of Oxford. As of July 2013, the financial endowment was £25.7 million. St Hughs was founded in 1886 by Elizabeth Wordsworth to help the number of women who find the charges of the present Halls at Oxford. Using money left to her by her father, who had been Bishop of Lincoln and she named the college after one of her fathers 13th-century predecessors, Hugh of Avalon, who was canonised in 1220, and in whose diocese Oxford had been. The college was initially accommodated in properties in Norham Road, Norham Gardens and its first six students were Annie Moberly, Jessie Annie Emmerson, Charlotte Jourdain, Constance E. Ashburner, Wilhemina J. de Lorna Mitchell and Grace J. Parsons. Students were required to ask the Principal before accepting invitations to friends. Records show that rent was between £18 and £21 a term depending on the size of the room, with fires being charged extra. The college began to move to its present site in 1913 and this house was situated on the corner of St Margarets Road and Banbury Road, and was owned by University College. The first book was a copy of Sales Koran, which was given to the college by the then Bishop of Tokyo, the college soon took over other properties nearby. The leasehold of No.4 St Margarets Road was acquired in 1919, the leasehold of No.82 Woodstock Road was donated to the college by Dr Joan Evans in 1924 and No.89 Banbury Road was purchased from Lincoln College for £7,000 in 1927. The college obtained the freehold to the site in 1927. The freeholds of Nos. 1-4 St Margarets Road and 74-82 Woodstock Road were purchased from St Johns College in 1931 and 1932 respectively, the college received a Royal Charter in 1926. Between 1935 and 1936 No.1 St Margarets Road was demolished, brick huts were constructed in the college grounds with space for 300 beds. Between 1940 and 1945, over 13,000 servicemen and women were treated at the college, advances in medicine discovered at the hospital meant the mortality rate for brain-penetrating injuries fell from 90% to 9%. Staff and students were relocated to Holywell Manor, Savile House, in 1943 the college acquired the leasehold of No 72 Woodstock Road from Dame Gertrude Whitehead for £1,500. It was used as a club for American soldiers during the war, in 1946, it was leased to the University of Paris as Maison Française, an Anglo-American educational establishment
6.
Oriel College, Oxford
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Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford, in recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as Kings College and Kings Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom is the official Visitor of the College, the original medieval foundation set up by Adam de Brome, under the patronage of Edward II, was called the House or Hall of the Blessed Mary at Oxford. The first design allowed for a Provost and ten Fellows, called scholars, and the College remained a body of graduate Fellows until the 16th century. During the English Civil War, Oriel played host to high-ranking members of the Kings Oxford Parliament, the College has nearly 40 Fellows, about 300 undergraduates and some 160 graduates, the student body having roughly equal numbers of men and women. Oriels notable alumni include two Nobel laureates, prominent Fellows have included founders of the Oxford Movement, among Oriels more notable possessions are a painting by Bernard van Orley and three pieces of medieval silver plate. In 1329, the college received by royal grant a large house belonging to the Crown, known as La Oriole and it is from this property that the college acquired its common name, Oriel, the name was in use from about 1349. The word referred to an oratoriolum, or oriel window, forming a feature of the earlier property, the arrangement was cancelled in 1450. In 1643 a general obligation was imposed on Oxford colleges to support the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. The King called for Oriels plate, and almost all of it was given, the total weighing 29 lb.0 oz.5 dwt. of gilt, and 52 lb.7 oz.14 dwt. of white plate. In the same year the College was assessed at £1 of the sum of £40 charged on the colleges. When the Oxford Parliament was assembled during the Civil War in 1644, Oriel housed the Executive Committee of the Privy Council, following the defeat of the Royalist cause, the University was scrutinised by the Parliamentarians, and five of the eighteen Oriel Fellows were removed. In 1673 James Davenant, a Fellow since 1661, complained to William Fuller, then Bishop of Lincoln, Bishop Fuller appointed a commission that included the Vice-Chancellor, Peter Mews, the Dean of Christ Church, John Fell, and the Principal of Brasenose, Thomas Yates. During the early 1720s, a struggle began between the Provost and the Fellows, culminating in a lawsuit. In 1721, Henry Edmunds was elected as a Fellow by 9 votes to 3, his election was rejected by Provost George Carter, and on appeal, by the Visitor, Edmund Gibson, then Bishop of Lincoln. The Provost continued to reject candidates, fuelling discontent among the Fellows, the jury decided for the Fellows, supporting the original charter of Edward II. In the early 19th century, the zeal of Provosts John Eveleigh. The group was disgusted by the then Church of England and sought to revive the spirit of early Christianity, tension arose in College since Provost Edward Hawkins was a determined opponent of the Movement
7.
Anthony Grabiner, Baron Grabiner
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Anthony Stephen Grabiner, Baron Grabiner, QC is a British barrister, academic administrator, and life peer. He is head of chambers at One Essex Court, a set of commercial barristers in the Temple. Since 2014, he has been the Master of Clare College, Cambridge, Grabiner was non-executive chairman of Arcadia Group from 2002 to December 2015. In 1999, he was made a peer as Baron Grabiner. In October 2015, he resigned the Labour whip over the direction the party was taking under Jeremy Corbyn and he now sits in the Lords as a Non-affiliated member but remains a member of the Labour Party. Grabiner was born on 21 March 1945 to Jewish parents, Ralph Grabiner and he was educated in the Central Foundation Boys School. He studied at the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he graduated with a first class honours Bachelor of Laws in 1966 and he was further educated in Lincolns Inn, and was called to the Bar in 1968. From 1976 to 1981, Grabiner was Standing Junior Counsel to the Department of Trade, made a Queens Counsel in 1981, he became a Bencher in 1989, and a Recorder of the Crown Court between 1990 and 1999. Grabiner has been a Deputy High Court Judge since 1994 and he was a non-executive director of Next plc in 2002, and a member of the Bank of England Financial Services Law Committee from 2002 to 2005. In the week ending 15 October 2010, Lord Grabiner represented Liverpool Football Club in the London High Court, Lord Grabiners service to Liverpool Football Club has been noted by international news organisations. In July 2011, Grabiner was appointed by News Corporation as chairman of the management and it was subsequently reported in The Lawyer magazine that Grabiner would be receiving a fee of £3,000 an hour for his advice to News Corporation. Furthermore, MPs stated that He was content to provide a veneer of establishment credibility to the group while happily disengaging from the key decisions he had a responsibility to scrutinise, for this deplorable performance he received a considerable salary. A later report by the lawyers Lord Pannick QC and Michael Todd QC, exonerated Lord Grabiner and criticized the parliamentary inquiry, in particular, the QCs found that the parliamentary committees showed little understanding of the relevant company law in drafting the report. Grabiner was Chair of the Governors of the London School of Economics from 1998 until 2007, in December 2013, it was announced that he had been elected Master of Clare College, Cambridge University, to succeed Professor Tony Badger in October 2014. On 1 August 2015, Grabiner was appointed as the President of the University of Law, on 26 July 1999, Grabiner was created a life peer with the title Baron Grabiner, of Aldwych in the City of Westminster. From 1999 to 2015, he sat in the House of Lords on the Labour Party benches, on 24 October 2015, he announced that he has resigned the Labour whip but would remain a party member. He was the second Labour peer to resign the whip over the views of the new party leader, Grabiner explained his resignation to The Times, I have nothing in common whatever with Mr Corbyn — and I dont believe we are ever going to win an election. He now sits in the Lords as a cross-bench member, since 1983, Lord Grabiner has been married to Jane Portnoy
8.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
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