1.
Nova Scotia Highway 104
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Highway 104 in Nova Scotia, Canada, runs from Fort Lawrence at the New Brunswick border near Amherst to River Tillard near St. Peters. Except for the portion on Cape Breton Island between Port Hawkesbury and St. Peters, it is part of the Trans-Canada Highway, Highway 104 mostly supplants the former route of Trunk 4. The provincial government named the highway the Miners Memorial Highway on 8 September 2008 one month before the 50th anniversary of the Springhill Mining Disaster of 23 October 1958. KM0 to 48 From the inter-provincial border at Fort Lawrence and this section had been built in the 1960s as a Super 2 and was upgraded to a 4-lane divided freeway that opened in 1993. It has a speed limit of 110 kilometres per hour. KM48 to 93 From Thomson Station the highway runs southeast for 45 kilometres to Masstown as a 4-lane divided freeway and this segment is a tolled section known as the Cobequid Pass, which opened on 15 November 1997. It has a speed limit of 110 kilometres per hour throughout. KM93 to 180 From Masstown, the highway runs east and northeast for 87 kilometres past the towns of Truro, Westville, Stellarton and this section is a 4-lane divided freeway and has a posted speed limit of 110 kilometres per hour. KM145 to 160, section from Salt Springs to Westville Road was built as a new alignment of 4-lane divided freeway that opened in the late 1990s, prior to this new alignment opening, Highway 104 ran east on the present alignment of Trunk 4. KM160 to 167, section from Westville Road to Plymouth had been built in the 1960s as a Super 2 and was upgraded to a 4-lane divided freeway that opened in the early 1990s. KM167 to 175, section from Plymouth to Pine Tree had been built in the 1960s as a Super 2 and was upgraded to a 4-lane divided freeway that opened in fall 2011. KM175 to 180, section from Pine Tree to Sutherlands River had been built in the 1960s as an access highway and was upgraded to a 4-lane divided freeway that opened in fall 2012. KM180 to 197 From the end of the 4-lane divided freeway section at Sutherlands River and this section was built between 1964 and 1965 as a Super 2 and remains as a controlled access highway with dedicated passing lanes and has a posted speed limit of 100 kilometres per hour. KM197 to 209 From the end of the Super 2 section at Barneys River Station and this section had been built in between 1964 and 1965 as an uncontrolled access highway and remains as an uncontrolled access highway with a posted speed limit of 100 kilometres per hour. KM209 to 217 From the end of the uncontrolled access section at James River and this section was built between 1964 and 1965 as a Super 2 and remains as a controlled access highway with a posted speed limit of 100 kilometres per hour. KM217 to 228 From the end of the Super 2 section at Addington Forks and this section was built as a new alignment of 4-lane divided freeway that opened on 19 September 2012 and has a posted speed limit of 100 kilometres per hour. Prior to this new alignment opening, Highway 104 ran east on the present alignment of Trunk 4 and Post Road in the town of Antigonish and included three intersections controlled by traffic lights. KM228 to 235 A new 4-lane divided freeway section opened at South River Road, the highway runs east for 7 kilometres to Dagger Woods
2.
Nova Scotia Trunk 4
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Trunk 4 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotias system of Trunk Highways. The route runs from Highway 104 exit 7 at Thomson Station to Glace Bay, until the construction of the Trans-Canada Highway, Trunk 4 was a major traffic link in northern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, and is still used on Cape Breton as an alternative to Highway 105. The highway was called the Kings Highway, however, this name is no longer applied to the entire road. The only remaining section of the highway that maintains the name King is Kings Road in Sydney. Thomson Station to Glenholme The section between the terminus at Exit 7, Highway 104 in Thomson Station to Mahoneys Corner was originally built as Highway 104 in the 1960s. It was bypassed by the Cobequid Pass in 1997 and redesignated Trunk 4 at that time, the section between Mahoneys Corner and Glenholme was originally part of Trunk 4 until the 1960s when it was designated Highway 104. This section was also redesignated Trunk 4 in 1997 after the opening of the Cobequid Pass, Glenholme to Onslow The section between Glenholme and Onslow is co-designated with Trunk 2. Trunk 4 is discontinuous between Exit 14A, Highway 102 in the west and Pictou Road in Bible Hill in the east, Bible Hill to Barneys River Station Trunk 4 reappears in Bible Hill, following Pictou Road and the original Trunk 4 alignment east. In Kemptown, Trunk 4 follows an old alignment of Highway 104 for several kilometres, Trunk 4 continues east of Kemptown on its original alignment through Mount Thom to Salt Springs. From Salt Springs to Westville, the present alignment of Trunk 4 was used as Highway 104 from the 1960s until being bypassed in the 1990s, now redesignated Trunk 4, the highway designation continues into Westville on Truro Road and then Westville Road. At Sutherlands River, Trunk 4 follows a new alignment between School Rd and Highway 245 and it then continues east to Barneys River Station. Marshy Hope to South River Station Trunk 4 is discontinuous between Barneys River Station and Marshy Hope as Highway 104 uses the old Trunk 4 alignment for this section, from Marshy Hope, Trunk 4 proceeds east to Antigonish. In Antigonish, it follows Post Road, James Street, Main Street, east of Antigonish it proceeds to South River Station. Heatherton to Aulds Cove Trunk 4 is discontinuous between South River Station and Heatherton as Highway 104 mostly uses the old Trunk 4 alignment, from Heatherton, Trunk 4 proceeds east to Aulds Cove. Port Hastings to Glace Bay Trunk 4 is discontinuous between Aulds Cove and Port Hastings as Highway 104 uses the old Trunk 4 alignment. From Port Hastings, Trunk 4 proceeds east through Port Hawkesbury and St. Peters before turning northeast along the shore of Bras dOr Lake through Big Pond. It continues east to Sydney River to Sydney, in Sydney it follows Kings Road, Esplanade Road, Welton Street, and Grand Lake Road. East of Sydney it continues to Reserve Mines and Glace Bay, in Glace Bay it follows Reserve Street and Union Street and ends at the intersection of Union and Commercial Streets
3.
Toll road
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A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private roadway for which a fee is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the cost of road construction, the amount of the toll usually varies by vehicle type, weight, or number of axles, with freight trucks often charged higher rates than cars. Tolls are collected at points known as toll booths, toll houses, plazas, stations, bars, some toll collection points are unmanned and the user deposits money in a machine which opens the gate once the correct toll has been paid. To cut costs and minimize time delay many tolls today are collected by some form of automatic or electronic toll collection equipment which communicates electronically with a toll payers transponder, Toll booths are usually still required for the occasional users who do not have a transponder. The tolls are often prepaid or collected automatically from a credit card service. Some toll roads have automated toll enforcement systems that take photos of drivers who do not pay the tolls and they typically get the toll bill delivered to them in the mail. Criticisms of toll roads include the time taken to stop and pay the toll, automated toll paying systems help minimize both of these. Others object to paying twice for the road, in fuel taxes. In addition to roads, toll bridges and toll tunnels are also used by public authorities to generate funds to repay the cost of building the structures. Some tolls are set aside to pay for maintenance or enhancement of infrastructure, or are applied as a general fund by local governments. This is sometimes limited or prohibited by government legislation. Also road congestion pricing schemes have been implemented in a number of urban areas as a transportation demand management tool to try to reduce traffic congestion. Toll roads have existed for at least the last 2,700 years, as tolls had to be paid by travellers using the Susa–Babylon highway under the regime of Ashurbanipal, aristotle and Pliny refer to tolls in Arabia and other parts of Asia. In India, before the 4th century BC, the Arthasastra notes the use of tolls, germanic tribes charged tolls to travellers across mountain passes. A 14th-century example is Castle Loevestein in the Netherlands, which was built at a point where two rivers meet. River tolls were charged on boats sailing along the river, in 14th-century England, some of the most heavily used roads were repaired with money raised from tolls by pavage grants. Widespread toll roads sometimes restricted traffic so much, by their high tolls, tolls were used in the Holy Roman Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 20th century, road tolls were introduced in Europe to finance the construction of motorway networks and specific transport infrastructure such as bridges, Italy was the first European country to charge motorway tolls, on a 50 km motorway section near Milan in 1924
4.
Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
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Cumberland County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The Mikmaq name for the area was Kwesomalegek meaning hardwood point, Cumberland County was founded on August 17,1759. When the Township of Parrsboro was divided in 1840, one part was annexed to Cumberland County, the dividing line between Cumberland and Colchester was established in 1840. In 1897, a portion of the line between the Counties of Colchester and Cumberland was fixed and defined. The county thrived in the 19th century with the development of lumbering, shipbuilding, deforestation and rural outmigration in the 20th century led to the abandonment of some communities such as Eatonville and New Yarmouth. The county has an area of 4,271.23 km2. Cumberland County is rich in natural resources with extensive forest land supporting lumber mills and it has many mineral resources, including 2 operating salt mines. Until the 1970s it also had coal mines which extracted coal from seams that run from Joggins to River Hebert and on to Athol. The northwestern edge of Cumberland County forms part of the Isthmus of Chignecto, as such, the county hosts several important transportation corridors, including Highway 104 and CN Rails Halifax-Montreal railway line. Two towns are located in Cumberland County, Amherst and Oxford. 3% from its 2011 population of 31,353. With a land area of 4,277.86 km2, with a land area of 4,255.04 km2, it had a population density of 4. 6/km2 in 2016. Royal eponyms in Canada Black Lake listings within Nova Scotia, Cumberland County official site Photographs of the Cumberland County War Memorial monument, Amherst Photographs of historic monuments in Cumberland County
5.
Colchester County
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Colchester County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The appellation Colchester was applied in 1780 to the previously called Cobequid. The District of Colchester, which was at first part of Halifax County, was established as a county in its own right in 1835, in 1838 a distinct line of division between Cumberland County and Colchester County was established. Two years later, in 1840, the Township of Parrsboro was divided, in 1871, the boundaries between the Counties of Hants and Colchester and between the Counties of Halifax and Colchester were established. In 1880 the boundary between the Counties of Halifax and Colchester was revised, eventually in 1897 a portion of the boundary between the Counties of Colchester and Cumberland was fixed and defined. The question of the boundary between Colchester and Cumberland Counties was the subject of a Commission of Inquiry established in 1946, the report was filed in the office of the Provincial Secretary and in the office of the Department of Lands and Forests in January 1959. Certified copies of it were sent to the Registrars of Deeds for the Counties of Colchester, Cumberland, all other communities in the county are located within one of eleven electoral districts, each of which provides a representative to County Council. Additionally, a mayor is elected for the whole county, the mayor also sits on county council. 8% from its 2011 population of 50,968. With a land area of 3,628.12 km2, with a land area of 3,572.49 km2, it had a population density of 10. 1/km2 in 2016. Black Lake listings within Nova Scotia
6.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
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