Cognition
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Cognition encompasses mental processes that deal with knowledge. It includes psychological activities that acquire, store, retrieve, transform, or apply information. Cognitions are a pervasive part of
The ability to employ tools is an example of animal cognition, such as a bonobo fishing for termites with a stick.
fMRI is a neuroimaging technique that can measure regional brain activity corresponding to specific cognitive tasks.
John Locke argued that humans have no inborn knowledge and need to learn everything from experience.
Epistemology
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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called the theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional
Bertrand Russell originated the distinction between propositional knowledge and knowledge by acquaintance.
The analytic–synthetic distinction has its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.
Alvin Goldman was an influential defender of externalism.
René Descartes used methodological doubt to seek certain foundations for philosophy.