The Commonwealth of the Philippines was an unincorporated territory and commonwealth of the United States that existed from 1935 to 1946. It was established following the Tydings–McDuffie Act to repla
President Manuel L. Quezon of the Philippines
March 23, 1935: Constitutional Convention. Seated, left to right: George H. Dern, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Manuel L. Quezon
Manila circa 1936–1939.
Manuel L. Quezon visiting Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., while in exile
Second Philippine Republic
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The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a pro-Axis government established on October 14, 1943, duri
Commonwealth of the Philippines
…posts of the PCA in Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao engaged in military action against the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Japanese military organized the Second Philippine Republic, headed by President José P. Laurel. This pro-Japanese puppet state proved very unpopular. Resistance to Japanese occupation continued across the…
President Jose P. Laurel
Preparatory Commission for Independence Chairman Jose P. Laurel addresses a public gathering; youths march to celebrate the signing of a draft constitution in the Philippines.
Greater East Asia Conference in November 1943, Japanese PM Hideki Tōjō (center) with heads of Japan-supported regimes (L–R): Ba Maw (State of Burma), Zhang Jinghui (Manchukuo), Wang Jingwei (Republic of China, Nanjing), Tōjō, Wan Waithayakon (Thailand), José P. Laurel (Second Philippine Republic), and Subhas Chandra Bose (Provisional Government of Free India)
Japanese issued money – Philippines 500 peso notes