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History
Constitution of the Roman Republic
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The constitution of the Roman Republic was a set of uncodified norms and customs which, together with various written laws, guided the procedural governance of the Roman Republic. The constitution emerged from that of the Roman kingdom, evolved substantively and significantly – almost to the point of unrecognisability – over the almost five hundred years of the republic. The collapse of republican government and norms beginning in 133 BC would lead to the rise of Augustus and his principate.
Chart showing the checks and balances of the Constitution of the Roman Republic
Chart showing the checks and balances of the Constitution of the Roman Republic
Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the plebeian Council, in an artist's impression from 1799
Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the plebeian Council, in an artist's impression from 1799
The "Capitoline Brutus", traditionally identified as a bust of Lucius Junius Brutus (died 509 BC), who himself was identified traditionally as the fou
The "Capitoline Brutus", traditionally identified as a bust of Lucius Junius Brutus (died 509 BC), who himself was identified traditionally as the founder of the republic
Roman law
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Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables, to the Corpus Juris Civilis ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. The historical importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of Latin legal terminology in many legal systems influenced by it, including common law.
Title page of a late 16th-century edition of the Digesta, part of Emperor Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis
Title page of a late 16th-century edition of the Digesta, part of Emperor Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis