The constructive vote of no confidence is a variation on the motion of no confidence that allows a parliament to withdraw confidence from a head of government only if there is a positive majority for a prospective successor. The principle is intended to ensure governments' stability by making sure that a replacement has enough parliamentary support to govern.
German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt was the first head of government to be overthrown by a constructive vote of no confidence
Mariano Rajoy was the first prime minister in Spain's political history to be removed by a constructive vote of no confidence.
The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany is the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The Grundrechte at Jakob Kaiser House, Berlin
Article 1, sentence 1: "Human dignity shall be inviolable"
The West German ministers-president debating the Frankfurt Documents in Koblenz