Continuous distillation
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Continuous distillation, a form of distillation, is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams. Di
Image 1: Typical industrial distillation towers
Image 2: A crude oil vacuum distillation column as used in oil refineries
Reflux
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Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations. It is also u
Laboratory reflux apparatus.
Toluene is refluxed with sodium-benzophenone desiccant before it is distilled to give pure oxygen- and water-free toluene.