The phrase "correlation does not imply causation" refers to the inability to legitimately deduce a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or variables solely on the basis of an observed asso
Dinosaur illiteracy and extinction may be correlated, but that would not mean the variables had a causal relationship.
Smoking tobacco has serious negative effects on human health. Smoking tobacco is the greatest cause of preventable death globally. Half of tobacco smokers die from complications related to smoking. Ac
Dental radiograph showing bone loss in a 32-year-old heavy smoker
Smoking can cause atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.
Tobacco stains on primarily the second and third fingers of a heavy smoker
A court-ordered corrective statement: "Smoking also causes reduced fertility, low birth weight in newborns, and cancer of the cervix" (United States, 2024).