1.
Kansas City, Missouri
–
Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
Kansas City, Missouri
–
From top left: the
Liberty Memorial, the
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Kansas City skyline, the
Country Club Plaza,
Arrowhead Stadium, and
Kauffman Stadium
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City Pioneer Square monument in Westport features
Pony Express founder
Alexander Majors, Westport/Kansas City founder
John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman
Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Walnut Street, Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, 1906.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City satellite map
2.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited what we now call Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
Missouri
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A physiographic map of Missouri.
Missouri
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Flag
Missouri
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The
Bell Mountain Wilderness of southern Missouri's
Mark Twain National Forest
Missouri
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External video
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
4.
J.C. Nichols
–
Jesse Clyde Nichols, better known as J. C. Nichols, was an American developer of commercial and residential estate in Kansas City. He was born in Olathe, Kansas, attended the University of Kansas and his most notable developments are the Country Club District and Country Club Plaza in Kansas City, which influenced suburban developments in other parts of the United States. He served leadership roles in local and national real estate and organizations, through these organizations, his ideas about real estate and planning helped to shape methods for restrictive covenants and zoning. Jesse Clyde Nichols was born in 1880, a son of farmers living near Olathe and he worked various jobs while attending high school, and worked for a year after graduation selling wholesale meat. While he matriculated at the University of Kansas, he managed the football team, reported for a newspaper. Graduating at the top of his class with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1902, he accepted a scholarship at Harvard University. Nichols returned to Kansas City and joined some friends to establish Reed, Nichols & Company. In 1905, he married Jessie Miller, a woman from Olathe, Nichols advocated preservation of trees and natural contours, while proscribing gridiron street networks. His Country Club District in Kansas City placed many restrictions on the use of property within the subdivision, Builders were required to observe large minimum lot sizes and large setbacks from the street. Nichols also imposed racially based covenants on all properties in the Country Club District, the Country Club District, Nichols master-planned community in Kansas City, Missouri, was the inspiration of River Oaks in Houston, Texas. Will Hogg, his brother Mike, and Hugh Potter visited the area, Nichols had a short list of what he considered to be exemplary communities, and urged Potter to visit them. These included Forest Hill Gardens in Queens, New York, Palos Verdes Estates in Los Angeles County, Roland Park in Baltimore, Maryland, Potter eventually was appointed President of the River Oaks Corporation, and continued to seek the advice of Nichols during his tenure. Nichols invented the percentage lease, where rents are based on gross receipts. The percentage lease is now a practice in commercial leasing across the United States. Modern outdoor shopping centers, now common in the United States, share an ancestor in the Country Club Plaza. The Urban Land Institutes J. C. Nichols Prize for Visionaries in Urban Development is named in his honor, Nichols served in leadership positions of local and national real estate and planning organizations. He was a member of the General Committee of the National Conference on City Planning. He headed the Kansas City Real Estate Board and the National Conference of Subdividers and he was a founder of the Urban Land Institute and chaired its Community Builders’ Council
J.C. Nichols
–
Jesse Clyde "J.C." Nichols
5.
Macerich
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Macerich is a self-managed Real Estate Investment Trust headquartered in Santa Monica, California. It is the third-largest owner and operator of shopping centers in the United States and it traces its antecedents to the MaceRich Real Estate Company founded in New York in 1964 by Mace Siegel and Richard Cohen who combined their first names to name their company. After years of buying and owning shopping centers privately, in 1994 the company went public as The Macerich Company, in 2006, the company name was rebranded to Macerich. In 2002, Macerich acquired Phoenix-based Westcor Partners for $1.475 billion, the purchase added nine properties to Macerichs portfolio, including Scottsdale Fashion Square. Three years later, it acquired Rochester-based Wilmorite Properties for $2.333 billion, on April 12015, the company rejected a $16.8 Billion takeover offer from Simon Property Group. Macerich rejected the bid on the grounds that Simon undervalued the company. The Macerich Company was a NORAD Tracks Santa program partner and sponsor for the 2005 and 2006 NORAD Tracks Santa seasons, the overall experience provided retail centers with multiple benefits such as extended stays of visit, additional, and changing foot-traffic patterns and property brand recognition. The result was a wonderful, and inventive boost to the shopping experience at the Macerich malls featuring NORAD/Santa Tracking Stations. Shopping property management firms Macerich Home Page
Macerich
–
Lt.-Gen.
Rick Findley, deputy commander of the
North American Aerospace Defense Command, and Robert Taylor, senior property manager at Citadel Mall, perform the ceremonial ribbon cutting during the Nov. 18, 2005 launch of the Citadel Mall's
Santa Tracking Station.
6.
Shopping center
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A shopping arcade is a specific form serving the same purpose. Many early shopping arcades such as the Burlington Arcade in London, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, however, many smaller arcades have been demolished, replaced with large centers or malls, often accessible by vehicle. Technical innovations such as lighting and escalators were introduced from the late 19th century. From the late 20th century, entertainment venues such as movie theaters, as a single built structure, early shopping centers were often architecturally significant constructions, enabling wealthier patrons to buy goods in spaces protected from the weather. In places around the world, the shopping centre is used, especially in Europe, Australia. Mall is a term used predominantly in North America, outside of North America, shopping precinct and shopping arcade are also used. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, malls are commonly referred to as shopping centres, the majority of British shopping centres are located in city centres, usually found in old and historic shopping districts and surrounded by subsidiary open air shopping streets. Large examples include West Quay in Southampton, Manchester Arndale, Bullring Birmingham, Liverpool One, Trinity Leeds, Buchanan Galleries in Glasgow and these centres were built in the 1980s and 1990s, but planning regulations prohibit the construction of any more. Out-of-town shopping developments in the UK are now focused on retail parks, planning policy prioritizes the development of existing town centres, although with patchy success. Bullring, Birmingham is the busiest shopping centre in the UK welcoming over 36.5 million shoppers in its opening year, there are a reported 222 malls in Europe. In 2014, these malls had combined sales of $12.47 billion and this represented a 10% bump in revenues from the prior year. One of the earliest examples of public shopping areas comes from ancient Rome, One of the earliest public shopping centers is Trajans Market in Rome located in Trajans Forum. Trajans Market was probably built around 100-110 CE by Apollodorus of Damascus, the Grand Bazaar of Istanbul was built in the 15th century and is still one of the largest covered shopping centers in the world, with more than 58 streets and 4,000 shops. Numerous other covered shopping arcades, such as the 19th-century Al-Hamidiyah Souq in Damascus, Syria, isfahans Grand Bazaar, which is largely covered, dates from the 10th century. The 10-kilometer-long, covered Tehrans Grand Bazaar also has a lengthy history, the oldest continuously occupied shopping mall in the world is likely to be the Chester Rows. Dating back at least to the 13th century, these covered walkways housed shops, with storage, different rows specialized in different goods, such as Bakers Row or Fleshmongers Row. The Marché des Enfants Rouges in Paris opened in 1628 and still runs today, the Oxford Covered Market in Oxford, England opened in 1774 and still runs today. The Passage du Caire was opened in Paris in 1798, the Burlington Arcade in London was opened in 1819
Shopping center
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Westfield Garden State Plaza is an
upscale shopping mall in
Paramus,
New Jersey, United States.
Shopping center
–
The interior of the
Toronto Eaton Centre in
Toronto, Canada.
Shopping center
–
Shopping arcade in
Tokyo,
Japan
Shopping center
–
Robinsons Place Manila in
Manila, Philippines
7.
Country Club District
–
Ward Parkway, a wide, manicured boulevard, traverses the district running south from the Country Club Plaza, the first suburban shopping district in the United States. J. C. Nichols began developing the district in 1906 with a neighborhood he called Bismarck Place, eventually, Nichols acquired a tract of land crossing from Missouri into Kansas, which now includes the neighborhood of Sunset Hill and the city of Mission Hills. Nichols also built the nearby Country Club Plaza, the first shopping district in the United States designed to accommodate patrons arriving by automobile, today, the Country Club District is the largest contiguous planned community built by a single developer in the United States. Nichols used restrictive covenants, or deed restrictions, in property in the district to control the use of the land. Most of the covenants pertain to the uses to which the property owner could put his land, or setback, a controversial aspect of the covenants in the district, however, was the use of racial restrictions that prohibited ownership and occupation by African Americans. The 1948 Supreme Court decision Shelley v. Kraemer rendered such restrictions unenforceable, nevertheless, restrictions continue to appear in the deeds to Country Club District properties. This practical difficulty is the racial restrictions continue to appear throughout the district. While he utilized the restrictive covenant model to bar non-whites from his neighborhoods, in fact, such practice had been in full force in Kansas City since the time Nichols was born in the 1880s. Today the Country Club District is still white, and still is home to Kansas Citys wealthiest residents. On the Missouri side, many Country Club residents formerly sent their children to Southwest High School, at its peak in the mid-1960s, Southwest enrolled more than 2,400 students, 20% of whose parents were Southwest alumni. After the end of segregation in schools under Brown v. Board of Education, however, Kansas City, Missouri. It wasnt until the 1970s Southwest High School experienced large scale desegregation, the 1972-1973 school year, Southwest was 2% Black. In the following years, the school saw increases of Black students until becoming predominantely Black in the late 1970s and this was due to full scale busing which began in the 1975-1976 school year. By the 1997-1998 school year, Southwests final year in existence, the Country Club district includes many homes by or after plans of many noted architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, McKim, Mead, and White, Louis Curtiss, and Mary Rockwell Hook. Several homes are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, hallmark Cards founder Joyce Hall composer John Kander businessman R. Crosby Kemper Jr. Price II columnist Calvin Trillin professional golfer Tom Watson Mayor Charles Wheeler. In 1970, members of the Students for a Democratic Society were charged with bombing the home of J. C. Nichols. See United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri, Western Division, Criminal Case Files, Evan S. Connell, Mrs. Bridge and Mr. Bridge. Novels set in the Country Club District between the 1920s to the 1940s, with frequent references to the district and the Country Club Plaza, Evan McKenzie, Privatopia, Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government
Country Club District
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J. C. Nichols House in Sunset Hill, located on West 55th Street between
Ward Parkway and
State Line Road
Country Club District
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Home in the present-day Country Club District
Country Club District
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Tom Pendergast 's home along Ward Parkway
8.
Brush Creek (Blue River)
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Brush Creek is a 10. 5-mile-long stream that runs from Johnson County, Kansas, through Jackson County, Missouri. It is a tributary of the Blue River, and by the Blue, Brush Creek begins near West 80th Street and Lamar Avenue in Overland Park, Kansas, and drains to the Blue River at Blue Banks Avenue and Hardesty Avenue in Kansas City. Brush Creek was named for the brush once lining its course, the Battle of Westport, the biggest battle in the American Civil War west of the Mississippi River, was fought on either side of it. The Country Club Plaza is built on the banks of the creek, the expansive lawn of Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art runs from the steps of the museum down to the creek. Attempts to control flooding on the creek by paving it with concrete produced by companies owned by Boss Thomas Pendergast were a scandal in the 1930s, heavy rainfall in September 1977 resulted in Brush Creek flooding the Plaza with 5 to 6 feet of water. The next stream westward, Turkey Creek on the Kansas side, twenty-five people died in the flood, and damage exceed $66 million. Kansas City, Missouri, has a storm water and sanitary sewer system. During heavy rains, sewage from the sanitary sewer can overflow into the storm sewer, several waterways, including Brush Creek, are posted with signs discouraging contact with the water after rain. Because of this, one nickname for this stream is Flush Creek. As part of a settlement with the EPA, Kansas City has started a 25-year, $2.5 billion project to improve the sanitary and storm sewers. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Brush Creek
Brush Creek (Blue River)
–
Brush Creek flowing through
Kansas City, Missouri
Brush Creek (Blue River)
–
Brush Creek in the Country Club Plaza
9.
Downtown Kansas City
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Downtown Kansas City is the central business district of Kansas City, Missouri and the Kansas City metropolitan area. According to the Downtown Council of Kansas City, as of 2013, the Downtown area has a population of 19,899 residents with 11,790 housing units, also as of 2013, Downtown has 137 units under construction and 1,326 in the planning stages. The United States Census in 2010 suggests Downtown has a population of 22,576, in 2000, the population may have been as low as 10,000 people with 7,330 units. In 2005, Downtown Kansas City had a density of approximately 5,617 inhabitants per square mile in its 3. 0-square-mile area. According to Local Market reports, Downtown houses approximately 20,000,000 square feet of office space, however, the vacancy of this space is at about 15%. There are also about 12,800,000 square feet of Class A&B office space in Downtown, there are over 100,000 employees working in the Downtown area. Downtown has a total of 5,606 hotel rooms, accounting for 22. 5% of the amount of hotel rooms in the metropolitan area. The average occupancy of these rooms is about 56. 5%, as of 2007, about 2,800,000 square feet of office space are under construction in Downtown Kansas City. Current investments into downtown redevelopment have exceeded $6 billion, oppenstein Brothers Memorial Park In recent years, Downtown Kansas City has been undergoing a massive boom in renovations and new construction. Since 2000, the estimated cost of projects has totaled over $5.5 billion. The Power & Light District, also known as the Entertainment District, is an area to the immediate south of the Central Business District. Originally to be named Kansas City Live, Cordish, Inc. of Baltimore, the present headquarters of the Kansas City Power & Light Company, a subsidiary of Great Plains Energy, is also on the districts northern side. Instead, an area near the new H&R Block headquarters tower – devoted to live music venues – was named Kansas City Live. This ties together a theme of new, glass-walled buildings in the area, also including the Sprint Center, groundbreaking on the complex began in March 2006. The Entertainment District practically shares a border with I-670, enclosed between the residential towers and H&R Blocks new building will be many shops and restaurants new to the Kansas City area. The Sprint Center, an 18, 500-seat arena, is a project that was announced shortly after the Power & Light District, in 2004, a ballot initiative to fund the proposed arena through a tax on car rentals and hotels was effectively passed by area voters. Some city officials, as well as those who did not desire to pay the increased tax, One of the most prominent of these individuals was Sandra McFadden-Weaver, a member of the City Council of Kansas City, Missouri. Despite the outcry from a few dissenters, the vote passed decidedly
Downtown Kansas City
–
A portion of the downtown Kansas City skyline
Downtown Kansas City
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Sprint Center and Power & Light District
Downtown Kansas City
–
Looking West down the main Street of the new Power and Light District.
Downtown Kansas City
–
Looking East down the main Street of the same road.
10.
Kansas
–
Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ is a U. S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribes name is said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous, tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. When it was opened to settlement by the U. S. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided. The abolitionists eventually prevailed, and on January 29,1861, after the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles is the 15th largest state by area and is the 34th most populous of the 50 United States with a population of 2,911,641, residents of Kansas are called Kansans, officially. Mount Sunflower is Kansass highest point at 4,041 feet, for a millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, in 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, from 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state, the Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30,1854, establishing the U. S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery, the secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29,1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature and his application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record
Kansas
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Samuel Seymour's 1819 illustration of a
Kansa lodge and dance is the oldest drawing known to be done in Kansas.
Kansas
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Flag
Kansas
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Kanopolis State Park.
Kansas
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Flint Hills in Wabaunsee County
11.
J. C. Nichols
–
Jesse Clyde Nichols, better known as J. C. Nichols, was an American developer of commercial and residential estate in Kansas City. He was born in Olathe, Kansas, attended the University of Kansas and his most notable developments are the Country Club District and Country Club Plaza in Kansas City, which influenced suburban developments in other parts of the United States. He served leadership roles in local and national real estate and organizations, through these organizations, his ideas about real estate and planning helped to shape methods for restrictive covenants and zoning. Jesse Clyde Nichols was born in 1880, a son of farmers living near Olathe and he worked various jobs while attending high school, and worked for a year after graduation selling wholesale meat. While he matriculated at the University of Kansas, he managed the football team, reported for a newspaper. Graduating at the top of his class with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1902, he accepted a scholarship at Harvard University. Nichols returned to Kansas City and joined some friends to establish Reed, Nichols & Company. In 1905, he married Jessie Miller, a woman from Olathe, Nichols advocated preservation of trees and natural contours, while proscribing gridiron street networks. His Country Club District in Kansas City placed many restrictions on the use of property within the subdivision, Builders were required to observe large minimum lot sizes and large setbacks from the street. Nichols also imposed racially based covenants on all properties in the Country Club District, the Country Club District, Nichols master-planned community in Kansas City, Missouri, was the inspiration of River Oaks in Houston, Texas. Will Hogg, his brother Mike, and Hugh Potter visited the area, Nichols had a short list of what he considered to be exemplary communities, and urged Potter to visit them. These included Forest Hill Gardens in Queens, New York, Palos Verdes Estates in Los Angeles County, Roland Park in Baltimore, Maryland, Potter eventually was appointed President of the River Oaks Corporation, and continued to seek the advice of Nichols during his tenure. Nichols invented the percentage lease, where rents are based on gross receipts. The percentage lease is now a practice in commercial leasing across the United States. Modern outdoor shopping centers, now common in the United States, share an ancestor in the Country Club Plaza. The Urban Land Institutes J. C. Nichols Prize for Visionaries in Urban Development is named in his honor, Nichols served in leadership positions of local and national real estate and planning organizations. He was a member of the General Committee of the National Conference on City Planning. He headed the Kansas City Real Estate Board and the National Conference of Subdividers and he was a founder of the Urban Land Institute and chaired its Community Builders’ Council
J. C. Nichols
–
Jesse Clyde "J.C." Nichols
12.
Seville, Spain
–
Seville is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville, Spain. It is situated on the plain of the river Guadalquivir, the inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos or hispalenses, after the Roman name of the city, Hispalis. Its Old Town, with an area of 4 square kilometres, the Seville harbour, located about 80 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. Seville is also the hottest major metropolitan area in the geographical Western Europe, Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis. It later became known as Ishbiliya after the Muslim conquest in 712, in 1519, Ferdinand Magellan departed from Seville for the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Spal is the oldest known name for Seville and it appears to have originated during the Phoenician colonisation of the Tartessian culture in south-western Iberia and, according to Manuel Pellicer Catalán, meant lowland in the Phoenician language. During Roman rule, the name was Latinised as Hispalis, nO8DO is the official motto of Seville. It is popularly believed to be a rebus signifying the Spanish No me ha dejado, meaning It has not abandoned me, the eight in the middle represents a madeja, or skein of wool. The emblem is present on the flag and features on city property such as manhole covers. Seville is approximately 2,200 years old, the passage of the various civilisations instrumental in its growth has left the city with a distinct personality, and a large and well-preserved historical centre. The city was known from Roman times as Hispalis, important archaeological remains also exist in the nearby towns of Santiponce and Carmona. The walls surrounding the city were built during the rule of Julius Caesar. Following Roman rule, there were successive conquests of the Roman province of Hispania Baetica by the Vandals, the Suebi, Seville was taken by the Moors, Muslims from North of Africa, during the conquest of Hispalis in 712. It was the capital for the kings of the Umayyad Caliphate, the Moorish urban influences continued and are present in contemporary Seville, for instance in the custom of decorating with herbaje and small fountains the courtyards of the houses. However, most buildings of the Moorish aesthetic actually belong to the Mudéjar style of Islamic art, developed under Christian rule and inspired by the Arabic style. Original Moorish buildings are the Patio del Yeso in the Alcázar, the city walls, in 1247, the Christian King Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon began the conquest of Andalusia. The decisive action took place in May 1248 when Ramon Bonifaz sailed up the Guadalquivir, the city surrendered on 23 November 1248. The citys development continued after the Castilian conquest in 1248, Public buildings constructed including churches, many of which were built in the Mudéjar style, and the Seville Cathedral, built during the 15th century with Gothic architecture
Seville, Spain
–
Clockwise from top:
St. Mary of the See Cathedral and
Giralda,
Plaza de España in the
Maria Luisa Park,
Metropol Parasol, the Isabel II ("
Triana ") bridge and the
Torre del Oro.
Seville, Spain
–
View of the
Giralda from the Patio de Banderas (Courtyard of Flags), historic square with remains of Roman, Moorish and Castilian periods.
Seville, Spain
–
Cathedral of Saint Mary from Constitución Avenue
Seville, Spain
–
Courtyard of the Maidens in the
Alcázar of Seville
13.
Ward Parkway
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Ward Parkway is a boulevard in Kansas City, Missouri, near the Kansas-Missouri state line. It then continues south for four miles, terminating at Wornall Road near West 95th Street, Ward Parkway has a wide, landscaped median, which is decorated with fountains and statuary. Many of Kansas Citys finest large houses are along Ward Parkway in the Country Club District. The street name derives from the family of pioneer Seth E. Ward who owned property on both sides of the parkway and whose house at 1032 West 55th St. is on the National Register of Historic Places. 39°02′22″N 94°35′07″W Southern terminus, Wornall Road 38°57′33″N 94°35′44″W Ward Parkway was created as part of developer J. C. Nicholss overall plans for the Country Club District, as Nichols platted the district, beginning in 1906, he reserved space for Ward Parkway. The largest lots in the district were reserved for houses to be built along the boulevard, the Kansas City Parks Department added Ward Parkway into its formal boulevard system. Nichols traveled to Italy and England to buy statues and monuments to place in the wide median. He also placed ponds and decorative urns throughout the parkways length, to promote his development, Nichols periodically placed photographs of the large houses being built along Ward Parkway in Sunday editions of the Kansas City Star. Nichols even moved into a house just off Ward Parkway, on West 55th Street. By the time Evan S. Connell wrote Mrs. Bridge in 1959, around that time, a sociological research study undertaken by the University of Chicago determined that Ward Parkway and its vicinity was the most desirable neighborhood in all of Kansas City. One project that benefited from the District is the Ward Parkway Center, in addition, the city also allocated more than $9 million for the maintenance and improvements of park grounds, fountain and monuments, and recreational facilities along parkways. Several sites and buildings along Ward Parkway are designated as National Historic Sites and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 1996, design guidelines for building along the parkway were adopted, and new construction on the parkway requires a certificate from the Historic Preservation Committee. Tom Pendergast, political boss Keith A. Tucker, former CEO of Waddell & Reed mutual fund company Scott Ward, head of the Russell Stover Candy Co. Peter Brown, CEO and Co-founder of AMC Theaters
Ward Parkway
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Ward Parkway, split by Brush Creek in the Country Club Plaza near its eastern terminus
Ward Parkway
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The
J. C. Nichols House in Sunset Hill, located just off Ward Parkway
14.
Kansas City Country Club
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The Kansas City Country Club, founded in 1896, is a country club in Mission Hills, Kansas, USA, an affluent suburb of Kansas City, Missouri. It is the club for which the Country Club District and the Country Club Plaza of Kansas City are named, the club claims to be the third oldest country club west of the Mississippi River. The club has its roots in a golf course in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Kansas City. The tract of land belonged to Wards father Seth E. Ward, in 1907, J. C. Nichols began buying land surrounding the course to develop the Country Club District, and later to develop the Country Club Plaza. In 1925, the club moved its course a mile west to the banks of Brush Creek in Mission Hills, the clubs former grounds then became Loose Park. The three J. C. Nichols Clubs became the most socially desirable in the Kansas City Metropolitan area with Kansas City Country Club being first, the course was designed by A. W. Tillinghast and later redesigned by Robert Trent Jones, the clubs most famous player is Tom Watson, whose father, Ray Watson, still holds the amateur record of 64 for the course. Tom Watson holds the record of 60
Kansas City Country Club
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Kansas City Country Club
15.
Loose Park
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Loose Park is the third largest park in Kansas City. It is located at 51st Street and Wornall Road, the park is home to a lake, a shelter house, Civil War markers, tennis courts, a water park, picnic areas and a Rose Garden. The Rose Garden is popular for all types of special events including theatrical performances. The park was once a pasture belonging to Kansas City pioneer Seth Ward, during the Battle of Westport in American Civil War Confederate General Sterling Price is said to have to commanded his forces from gun emplacements on the south end of the park. In 1897 Ward leased the land to the Kansas City Country Club for its first golf course, in 1907 J. C. Nichols bought land around the course to form the Country Club District and Country Club Plaza. In 1925 when the club moved to Mission Hills, Kansas the land became a city park. In 1977 artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped the Walk Ways with 12,500 m2 of orange-yellow coloured shiny nylon fabric, in 1979 Neal Patterson, Cliff Illig and Paul Gorup founded the Cerner Corporation while on a picnic in the park. The Loose Park Garden Center was built in 1957 for meetings and it is located in Loose Park at 5200 Pennsylvania Avenue. The garden center has two meeting rooms with small kitchens attached to the meeting rooms. Loose Park Website Loose Park Garden Center
Loose Park
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Cannon marking spot where Sterling Price held command during the Battle of Westport
16.
Pembroke Hill School
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It is located on two campuses in the Country Club District of Kansas City, Missouri, near the Country Club Plaza. Vassie James Ward Hill, a prominent Kansas Citian and Vassar College graduate born in 1875, gained a fortune upon the death of her first husband, Hugh Ward. She then married Albert Ross Hill, formerly president of the University of Missouri, at the time, Kansas Citians of means commonly sent their children to boarding schools on the east coast. Hill did not want to send her daughter and three sons back east and she believed they should be able to have an equal education in Kansas City. This led her to research the workings of college preparatory schools, in 1910, using funds from twelve Kansas City businessmen, Hill founded the Country Day School for boys, which accepted both day students and boarders. The initial enrollment was 20 students but grew to 52 within three years, the first country day school in the Midwest, it sat on what is today Pembroke Hills Ward Parkway Campus, to the west of the Country Club Plaza at the intersection of State Line Road. Three years later, Ruth Carr Patton and Frances Matteson Bowersock joined with Hill to found the Sunset Hill School, Sunset Hill was located on what today is Pembroke Hills Wornall Campus, south of the Country Club Plaza. At the time of its founding, the campus overlooked the Kansas City Country Club and it also includes a portion of the battlefield from the Battle of Westport. In 1925, some educators and students left the Country Day School to form the Pembroke School for boys and their endeavor failed amidst the Great Depression, and the two schools re-merged in 1933 to form the Pembroke-Country Day School, keeping the Country Day Schools original campus. It usually was referred to as Pem-Day, from the start, Sunset Hill and Pembroke-Country Day worked cooperatively. Often, teachers taught at both schools, for generations, many Kansas City families would send their boys to Pem-Day and their girls to Sunset Hill. School activities, such as plays and dances, often were combined, in 1963, the schools began coeducational classes in upper level math, science, and languages. In the early 1980s, the two schools began merger discussions, ultimately merging in 1984 to become the Pembroke Hill School, the class of 1985 elected to have separate graduation ceremonies. True coeducation began the next year, the former Sunset Hill campus became home to the primary and lower schools, and the former Pem-Day campus became home to the middle and upper schools. In 1988, Kansas City Magazine notoriously published an article titled A High School on Easy Street, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Pembroke Hill completed a $50 million capital improvement project, which renovated both campuses. The Ward Parkway campus gained a new school building, Boocock Middle School, a new upper school building, Jordan Hall, a new arts center, and a new library. In 1997,1998, and 1999, Pembroke Hills boys basketball won the Missouri Class 2A state title. In the Class of 2013,29 seniors have been recognized by National Merit, of these 29 students,21 or 21 percent of the class, are National Merit Semifinalists
Pembroke Hill School
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Freedom with Responsibility
Pembroke Hill School
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Vassie James Ward Hill, founder of The Pembroke Hill School
Pembroke Hill School
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Pembroke Hill Raiders athletics logo
17.
Edward Buehler Delk
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Edward Buehler Delk was a prominent architect who designed many landmark buildings in the Midwest and Southwest regions of The United States. Delk was born on 22 Sep 1885 Schoharie, New York and he graduated from University of Pennsylvania in 1907. After serving in the Army Air Corps during World War I where he studied at the University of London after the war. Among his most famous works were Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture buildings in the 1920s for Kansas City developer J. C. Nichols, on September 1,1956, Edward B. Delk died unexpectedly at sea aboard the S. S. Excambion while returning with his wife Jane from a trip to Europe and he was buried in Philadelphia. com Delk profile
Edward Buehler Delk
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Country Club Plaza in Kansas City
Edward Buehler Delk
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Philbrook
18.
New Urbanism
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New Urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has influenced many aspects of real estate development, urban planning. These ideas can all be circled back to two concepts, building a sense of community and the development of ecological practices, the organizing body for New Urbanism is the Congress for the New Urbanism, founded in 1993. They believe their strategies can reduce congestion by encouraging the population to ride bikes, walk. They also hope that this set up will increase the supply of affordable housing, the Charter of the New Urbanism also covers issues such as historic preservation, safe streets, green building, and the re-development of brownfield land. The ten Principles of Intelligent Urbanism also phrase guidelines for new urbanist approaches, architecturally, new urbanist developments are often accompanied by New Classical, postmodern, or vernacular styles, although that is not always the case. Until the mid 20th century, cities were generally organized into, but with the advent of cheap automobiles and favorable government policies, attention began to shift away from cities and towards ways of growth more focused on the needs of the car. This new system of development, with its rigorous separation of uses, arose after World War II, the majority of U. S. citizens now live in suburban communities built in the last fifty years, and automobile use per capita has soared. Although New Urbanism as a movement would only arise later. Social philosopher and historian Lewis Mumford criticized the development of post-war America. The French architect François Spoerry has developed in the 60s the concept of architecture that he applied to Port Grimaud. The success of project had a considerable influence and led to many new projects of soft architecture like Port Liberté in New Jersey or Le Plessis Robisson in France. The term new urbanism itself started being used in context in the mid-1980s. Named the Ahwahnee Principles, the presented the principles to about one hundred government officials in the fall of 1991. Calthorpe, Duany, Moule, Plater-Zyberk, Polyzoides, and Solomon founded the Chicago-based Congress for the New Urbanism in 1993, the CNU has grown to more than three thousand members, and is the leading international organization promoting New Urbanist design principles. It holds annual Congresses in various U. S. cities, the Canons are a set of operating principles for human settlement that reestablish the relationship between the art of building, the making of community, and the conservation of our natural world. They promote the use of heating and cooling solutions, the use of locally obtained materials, and in general. New Urbanism is a movement that spans a number of different disciplines
New Urbanism
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Seaside, Florida
New Urbanism
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Market Street,
Celebration, Florida
New Urbanism
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New Broad Street, Baldwin Park, Florida
New Urbanism
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Beach Drive,
St. Petersburg, Florida
19.
Land developer
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In an economics context, land development is also sometimes advertised as land improvement or land amelioration. It refers to investments making land more usable by humans, for accounting purposes it refers to any variety of projects that increase the value of the property. Most are depreciable, but some improvements are not able to be depreciated because a useful life cannot be determined. Home building and containment are two of the most common and the oldest types of development and this profit enhancement means identifying and developing the best scheme for the local marketplace, whilst satisfying the local planning process. Development Analysis puts development prospects and the development process itself under the microscope, development analysis can add significantly to the value of land and development, and as such is a crucial tool for landowners and developers. It is a step in Kevin A. Lynchs 1960 book The Image of the City. The landowner can share in additional planning gain via an awareness of the development potential. This is done via a residual development appraisal or residual valuation, the residual appraisal calculates the sale value of the end product, and hypothetically deducts costs, including planning and construction costs, finance costs and developers profit. The residue, or leftover proportion, represents the land value, therefore, in maximising the GDV, land value is concurrently enhanced. Land value is highly sensitive to supply and demand, build costs, planning and affordable housing contributions, understanding the intricacies of the development system and the effect of value drivers can result in massive differences in the landowners sale value. Land improvement in the economic sense can often lead to degradation from the ecological perspective. Land development and the change in land value does not usually take into account changes in the ecology of the developed area, new creation of farmland will rely on the conversion and development of previous forests, savannas or grassland. Recreation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the degraded or missing fertile soil in the latter, starting from forests, land is made arable by assarting or slash-and-burn. Agricultural development furthermore includes, Hydrological measures Soil improvement, road construction Because the newly created farmland is more prone to erosion than soil stabilized by tree roots, such a conversion may mean irreversible crossing of an ecological threshold. The resulting deforestation is not easily compensated for by reforestation or afforestation. Examples of land restoration/land rehabilitation counted as land development in the strict sense are still rare, however, renaturation, reforestation, stream restoration may all contribute to a healthier environment and quality of life, especially in densely populated regions. The same is true for planned vegetation like parks and gardens, but restoration plays a particular role, because it reverses previous conversions to built and agricultural areas
Land developer
–
Since their
invention, heavy equipment such as
bulldozers have been useful for land development.
20.
Sears
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Sears, Roebuck & Company, also known simply as Sears, is an American chain of department stores founded by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Curtis Roebuck in 1886. Formerly based at the Sears Tower in Chicago and currently headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, it began as a mail ordering catalog company and began opening retail locations in 1925. The company was bought by the American big box chain Kmart in 2005, in terms of domestic revenue, Sears was the largest retailer in the United States until October 1989, when Walmart surpassed the record. It is currently the fifth-largest American department store company by sales as of October 2013, Sears operates divisions in Canada and Mexico, as well as several other subsidiaries within its brand. Richard Warren Sears was a station agent in North Redwood, Minnesota. Sears purchased them, then sold the watches for a profit to other station agents. Soon he started a business selling watches through mail order catalogs, the next year, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he met Alvah C. Roebuck, who joined him in the business, farmers did business in small rural towns. Before the Sears catalog, farmers typically bought supplies from local general stores with narrow selections of goods, prices were negotiated, and depended on the storekeepers estimate of a customers creditworthiness. Sears took advantage of this by publishing catalogs offering customers a selection of products at clearly stated prices. The first Sears catalog was published in 1888, in 1893, Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck renamed their watch company Sears, Roebuck & Company and began to diversify. By 1894, the Sears catalog had grown to 322 pages, featuring sewing machines, bicycles, sporting goods, automobiles, by 1895, the company was producing a 532-page catalog. Sales were greater than $400,000 in 1893 and more than $750,000 two years later, by 1896, dolls, stoves and groceries had been added to the catalog. The company had sales of $800,000 in 1895, but the national Panic of 1893—a full scale depression—caused a cash squeeze and large quantities of unsold merchandise. Sears offered Roebucks half of the company to Chicago businessman Aaron Nusbaum, in August 1895, they bought Roebucks half of the company for $75,000. The new Sears, Roebuck and Company was re-incorporated in Illinois with a stock of $150,000 in August 1895. The transaction was handled by Albert Henry Loeb of the Chicago Law Firm of Loeb & Adler, copies of the transaction documents are now displayed on the walls of the Law Firm. Sears and Rosenwald got along well with other, but not with Nusbaum
Sears
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Richard Warren Sears
Sears
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The exterior of the
Sears Merchandise Building Tower.
Sears
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Sears Tower
Sears
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Sears building in the
Edificio La Nacional building in Mexico City, across from the
Palacio de Bellas Artes.
21.
F. W. Woolworth Company
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The F. W. Woolworth Company was a retail company and one of the original pioneers of the five-and-dime store. It was arguably the most successful American and international business, setting trends. The first Woolworth store was opened by Frank Winfield Woolworth on February 22,1878, as Woolworths Great Five Cent Store in Utica, though it initially appeared to be successful, the store soon failed. When Woolworth searched for a new location, a friend suggested Lancaster, using the sign from the Utica store, Woolworth opened his first successful Woolworths Great Five Cent Store on July 18,1879, in Lancaster. He brought his brother, Charles Sumner Woolworth, into the business, the two Woolworth brothers pioneered and developed merchandising, direct purchasing, sales, and customer service practices commonly used today. The chain went out of business in July 1997, when the decided to focus primarily on sporting goods. By 2001, the company focused exclusively on the goods market, changing its name to the present Foot Locker. Retail chains using the Woolworth name survive in Austria, Germany, Mexico and, until the start of 2009, however, Woolworths Limited did take their name from the original company, as it had not been registered or trademarked in Australia at the time. Similarly, in South Africa, Woolworths Holdings Limited operates a Marks & Spencer-like store and uses the Woolworth name, the property development company Woolworth Group in Cyprus began life as an offshoot of the British Woolworths company, originally operating Woolworths department stores in Cyprus. In 2003, these stores were rebranded Debenhams, but the property arm of the business retained the Woolworths name. The F. W. Woolworth Co. had the first five-and-dime stores, Woolworth, as the stores popularly became known, was one of the first American retailers to put merchandise out for the shopping public to handle and select without the assistance of a sales clerk. Earlier retailers had kept all merchandise behind a counter and customers presented the clerk with a list of items they wished to buy, the store failed and closed in May 1878, after Frank earned enough money to pay back William Moore. Frank soon made an attempt, and opened his Woolworths Great Five Cent Store, using the same sign, on June 21,1879, in Lancaster. Lancaster proved a success, and Frank never forgot the city for the rest of his life, Frank wanted to open a second store in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and so he asked his brother Charles Sumner Sum Woolworth to join him by managing it. The Harrisburg store opened as, 5¢ Woolworth Bros Store on July 19,1879, after a falling-out with the landlord, that store moved to York, Pennsylvania, opening in March 1880. That store did not last long either, closing three months later, Frank searched for a larger, low-rent building. He found a location in Scranton, Pennsylvania, at 125 Penn Avenue. The Scranton store is where Sum fully developed the brothers 5¢ & 10¢ merchandising model, Sum spent a lot of time working the sales floor, talking with customers and employees
F. W. Woolworth Company
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Door handle of a mid-20th century Woolworth's store
F. W. Woolworth Company
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The Woolworth Building, New York City, c. 1913
F. W. Woolworth Company
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Tea cup ballet, a 1935 photograph by
Olive Cotton with some inexpensive cups and saucers from Woolworths
F. W. Woolworth Company
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Second successful "Woolworth Bros" store, Scranton, PA. Later bought by brother Charles "Sum", becoming the first "C. S. Woolworth" store, and eventually merged into the F. W. Woolworth Company.
22.
Ritz-Carlton
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The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. is the parent company to the luxury hotel chain, The Ritz-Carlton Hotels. Ritz-Carlton operates 91 luxury hotels and resorts in cities around the world, the hotel company is today a subsidiary of Marriott International. The story of The Ritz-Carlton begins with Swiss hotelier César Ritz who was known in the hotel industry as the king of hoteliers. Ritz redefined luxury accommodation in Europe with his management of The Ritz in Paris, the restaurants on those ships ceased operating in 1914 with the outbreak of World War I. Although Ritz died in 1918, his wife Marie continued the tradition of opening hotels in his name, the Ritz-Carlton Investing Company was established by Albert Keller, who bought and franchised the name in the United States. The first Ritz-Carlton Hotel in the U. S. opened in New York in 1911 and it was located at 46th Street and Madison Avenue. Louis Diat ran the kitchens and invented Vichyssoise there, the Ritz-Carlton Montreal opened in 1912, not owned by Keller as it was located in Canada. Kellers Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City opened in 1921, the trust sold $2.1 million of bonds to finance the construction of an apartment building to be called the Mayflower. The 18-story, 201-foot brick building, designed by Strickland, Blodget & Law Architects, was far taller than anything else along Newbury Street at the time. Construction had started on the floor when Wyner was persuaded by then-Mayor James Michael Curly to make the Mayflower a world-class, 300-room Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Room rates were $5 to $15 per night, $40 per night for suites, after a hugely successful opening, the stock market crash of 1929 and ensuing Depression brought financial difficulties. The Wyner family funded the hotel’s operating losses during the early 1930s, still in 1933, when only 30 guests were registered in the hotel, Wyner turned on the lights in every guest room to give the appearance the hotel was full. The Philadelphia location was converted to a building after only a few years in operation. The Atlantic City hotel was sold to Schine Hotels in the late 1940s, the New York hotel was demolished in 1951, leaving only the Boston location. Edward Wyner died of an attack on December 5,1961. His six sons tried to continue operation of the Boston hotel, but were unable to overcome difficulties, the unpaid interest on the bonds dissuaded many from trying to buy the hotel. But Cabot, Cabot & Forbes principal Gerald F. Blakeley Jr. was interested.8 million, “Out of the 20 years I owned it, it made money three years. In the late 1960s Blakeley obtained the rights to the Ritz-Carlton name in North America, in June 1978, Blakeley was awarded the rights and privileges of the Ritz-Carlton trademark in the United States and was given a US Service Mark Registration
Ritz-Carlton
–
Ritz-Carlton Hotel in
Downtown Los Angeles,
California, framed by a
street lamp
Ritz-Carlton
–
The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company
Ritz-Carlton
–
The Ritz-Carlton logo at the former Hong Kong property
Ritz-Carlton
–
Entrance to the now-demolished Ritz-Carlton Hong Kong
23.
Gucci
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Gucci is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods, part of the Gucci Group, which is owned by the French holding company Kering. Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921, Gucci is also the biggest-selling Italian brand. Gucci operates about 278 directly operated stores worldwide as of September 2009, in the year 2013, the brand was valued at US$12.1 billion, with sales of US$4.7 billion. In the Forbes Worlds Most Valuable Brands list, Gucci is ranked the 38th most valuable brand, as of January 2015, the creative director is Alessandro Michele. With beginnings at the end of the 19th century, the Gucci company became one of the world’s most successful manufacturers of leather goods, clothing. As an immigrant hotel worker in Paris and later London, young Guccio Gucci was impressed with the luggage he saw urbane guests bring with them. Before leaving, he visited the manufacturer, H. J. Cave & Sons, upon returning to his birthplace of Florence, a city distinguished for high-quality materials and skilled artisans, he established a shop in 1920 that sold fine leather goods with classic styling. Although Gucci organized his workrooms for industrial methods of production, he maintained traditional aspects of fabrication, initially, Gucci employed skilled workers in basic Florentine leather crafts, attentive to finishing. With expansion, machine stitching was a method that supported construction. Together with three of his sons, Aldo Gucci, Vasco Gucci, and Rodolfo Gucci, Gucci expanded the company to include stores in Milan and Rome as well as additional shops in Florence. Guccis stores featured such finely crafted leather accessories as handbags, shoes, the company made handbags of cotton canvas rather than leather during World War II as a result of material shortages. The canvas, however, was distinguished by a signature double-G symbol combined with prominent red, after the war, the Gucci crest, which showed a shield and armored knight surrounded by a ribbon inscribed with the family name, became synonymous with the city of Florence. Aldo and Rodolfo Gucci further expanded the horizons in 1953 by establishing offices in New York City. Film stars and jet-set travelers to Italy during the 1950s and 1960s brought their glamour to Florence, movie stars posed in Guccis clothing, accessories, and footwear for lifestyle magazines around the world, contributing to the company’s growing reputation. Guccis distinctive lines made its products among the most frequently copied in the world in the early 2000s, pigskin, calf, and imported exotic animal skins were subjected to various methods of fabrication. Waterproof canvas and satin were used for evening bags, bamboo was first used to make handbag handles by a process of heating and molding in 1947, and purses made with a shoulder strap and snaffle-bit decoration were introduced in 1960. In 1964 Gucci’s lush butterfly pattern was custom-created for silk foulards, the original Gucci loafer was updated by a distinctive snaffle-bit ornament in 1966, while the Rolls-Royce luggage set was introduced in 1970. Watches, jewelry, ties, and eyewear were then added to the product lines
Gucci
–
Gucci shop on
Strøget in Copenhagen, Denmark
Gucci
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Gucci shop on 5th Avenue in New York
Gucci
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Gucci store in Toronto
Gucci
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Gucci store at night
24.
Ralph Lauren Corporation
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Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American corporation. They are known for the clothing, marketing and distribution of premium products in four categories, apparel, home. The Companys brand names, which include Polo Ralph Lauren, Ralph Lauren Collection, Lauren Ralph Lauren, Double RL, Ralph Lauren Childrenswear, Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren, Chaps, Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American, publicly traded holding company headquartered in New York City. Ralph Lauren Corporation began with the 1967 founding of the Polo Ralph Lauren company by American designer Ralph Lauren, the Ralph Lauren started in 1967 with men’s ties. At 28 years-old, Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer, Beau Brummell, at that time, he persuaded the companys president to let him start his own line. Drawing on his interests in sports, Ralph Lauren names his first full line of menswear ‘Polo’ in 1968 and he works out of a single drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building and makes deliveries to stores himself. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Lauren’s men line exclusively and it was the first time that Bloomingdale’s had given a designer his own in-store shop. In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women, the first full women’s collection was launched the following year. 1971 also marked the opening of Ralph Lauren’s store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills and this is the first freestanding store for an American designer. 1977 Ralph Lauren Corporation introduces a signature cotton mesh Polo shirt in various colours, featuring the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt becomes emblematic of the preppy look--one of Ralph Laurens signature styles. In 1977, Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wear Lauren’s clothes throughout their Oscar-winning film, the first Ralph Lauren fragrances, produced by Warner-Lauren, Ltd. are first launched at Bloomingdales. Lauren, a fragrance for women, debuts on March 12,1978, and Polo and this is the first time that a designer has introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously. The company entered the European market, and went international, in 1981 with the opening of the first freestanding store for an American designer New Bond Street in the West End of London, England. Ralph Lauren opens his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion, on Madison Avenue, on June 12,1997, the company becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange. The 98-seat restaurant, RL, opens in March 1999 in a building adjacent to the largest Ralph Lauren store at the corner of Chicago. It was followed by the opening of two additional restaurants – Ralph’s at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris flagship store in 2010 and The Polo Bar at Polo’s flagship in New York in 2015. The company launched its web site, and online shop in 2000 as polo. com by RL Media. In 2007, Ralph Lauren Corporation acquired the NBC share of RL Media, on 29 September 2015, it was announced that Stefan Larsson would replace the companys founder, Ralph Lauren, as CEO in November
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
Ralph Lauren Home at
Australian department store
David Jones in
Sydney
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
The Ralph Lauren flagship store occupying the
Rhinelander Mansion on
Madison Avenue in New York City
Ralph Lauren Corporation
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Ralph Lauren store on
Madison Avenue in New York City
Ralph Lauren Corporation
–
children's clothing at department store
Smith & Caughey's Queen Street in
Auckland,
New Zealand
25.
FAO Schwarz
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FAO Schwarz, founded in 1862, was once the oldest toy store in the United States. The company is known for its unique high-end toys, life-sized stuffed animals, dolls, the FAO Schwarz flagship store on Fifth Avenue in New York City was a popular tourist destination, and has gained iconic status for its floor piano and cameos in major motion pictures. The store closed in July 2015 after parent company Toys R Us announced it was giving up the nearly two years early to save money. The FAO Schwarz brand is currently the property of the descendants of the founder through the FAO Schwarz Family Foundation but is now operated by ThreeSixty Group. FAO Schwarz was founded in 1862 under the name Toy Bazaar by German immigrant Frederick August Otto Schwarz, in Baltimore, additional locations of Toy Bazaar followed in Philadelphia and Boston. By then, The New York Times described Schwarz as the largest dealer in toys in this city. Beginning in November 1869, the Schwarz Toy Bazaar held an exhibition of toys that would be available for the Christmas season, in 1896, Schwarz proclaimed the store as the Original Santa Claus Headquarters in New York. The FAO Schwarz holiday catalog has been published annually since 1876, in 1889, Schwarz added his initials to newspaper advertisements, branding the store at that time as simply F. A. O. Schwarz, although the Toy Bazaar identifier continued until the move in 1897 to W. 23rd Street, in 1931, the New York City location moved to 745 Fifth Avenue where it operated for 55 years. In 1963, when the Schwarz family sold their last shares in the business, the company was subsequently sold to W. R. Grace in 1970, and then to toy retailer Franz Carl Weber of Zurich, Switzerland, in 1974. In 1985, Christiana Companies, a San Diego, California based company, FAO Schwarz was sold to Netherlands-based NV Koninklijke Bijenkorf Beheer in 1990. Throughout the 1990s, new FAO Schwarz stores opened throughout the United States,1862 – FAO Schwarz was founded under the name Toy Bazaar by German immigrant Frederick August Otto Schwarz, in Baltimore, where he and his brothers retailed toys from a fancy-goods store. Additional locations of Toy Bazaar followed in Philadelphia and Boston,1869 – Beginning in November 1869, the Schwarz Toy Bazaar held an exhibition of toys that would be available for the Christmas season, which in 1883 was described as the 14th Annual Exhibition. 1870 – Schwarz opened a New York City location known as the Schwarz Toy Bazaar at 765 Broadway,1880 – The store moved to 42 E. 14th Street in Union Square and operated at that location until April 28,1897. 1889 – Schwarz added his initials to newspaper advertisements, branding the store at that time as simply F. A. O, Schwarz, although the Toy Bazaar identifier continued until the move in 1897 to W. 23rd Street. 1896 – Schwarz proclaimed the store as the Original Santa Claus Headquarters in New York, further, the FAO Schwarz holiday catalog is still published annually since 1876. 1897 – The store took over and moved to two vacant store locations at 39 and 41 W. 23rd Street, by then, The New York Times described Schwarz as the largest dealer in toys in this city. 1931 – The New York City location moved to 745 Fifth Avenue where it operated for 55 years
FAO Schwarz
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FAO Schwarz headquarters in the General Motors Building
FAO Schwarz
–
The Walking Piano
26.
Saks Fifth Avenue
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Saks Fifth Avenue is an American luxury department store owned by the oldest commercial corporation in North America, the Hudsons Bay Company. Its main flagship store is located on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, Saks Fifth Avenue is the successor of a business founded by Andrew Saks in 1867 and incorporated in New York in 1902 as Saks & Company. Saks died in 1912, and in 1923 Saks & Co. merged with Gimbel Brothers, Inc. which was owned by a cousin of Horace Saks, Bernard Gimbel, operating as a separate autonomous subsidiary. On September 15,1924, Horace Saks and Bernard Gimbel opened Saks Fifth Avenue in New York City, with a full-block avenue frontage south of St Patricks Cathedral, facing Rockefeller Center. The architects were Starrett & van Vleck, who developed a reticent, the first full-line year-round Saks store opened in Chicago, in 1929, followed by another resort store in Miami Beach, Florida. In 1938, Saks expanded to the West Coast, opening in Beverly Hills, by the end of the 1930s, Saks Fifth Avenue had a total of 10 stores, including resort locations such as Sun Valley, Idaho, Mount Stowe, and Newport, Rhode Island. More full-line stores followed with Detroit, Michigan, in 1940 and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in Downtown Pittsburgh, the company moved to its own freestanding location approximately one block from its former home on the fourth floor in the downtown Gimbels flagship. The San Francisco location opened in 1952, competing locally with I, BATUS Inc. acquired Gimbel Bros. Inc. and its Saks Fifth Avenue subsidiary in 1973 as part of its diversification strategy. More expansion followed from the 1960s through the 1990s including the Midwest, in 1990, BATUS sold Saks to Investcorp S. A. which took Saks public in 1996 as Saks Holdings, Inc. In 1990, Saks Off 5th was launched, an outlet store offshoot of the main brand, in 1998, Proffitts, Inc. the parent company of Proffitts and other department stores, acquired Saks Holdings Inc. Upon completing the acquisition, Proffitts, Inc. changed its name to Saks, since 2000 Saks has opened international locations in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kazakhstan, and Mexico City. In August 2007, the United States Postal Service began an experimental program selling the plus zip code extension to businesses, the first company to do so was Saks Fifth Avenue, which received the zip code of 10022-SHOE for the eighth-floor shoe department in its flagship Fifth Avenue store. During the 2007-2009 recession, Saks Fifth Avenue had to some stores and to cut prices and profit margins. It took three years before it could start selling at closer to full price, on July 29,2013, the Hudsons Bay Company, owner of the competing chain Lord & Taylor, announced it would acquire Saks Fifth Avenues parent company for US$2.9 billion. Plans called for up to seven Saks Fifth Avenues to open in major Canadian markets, the store opened in February 2016 with a second Toronto area location in the Sherway Gardens shopping center opening in spring 2016. On January 6,2014, Marigay McKee, previously Chief Merchant at Harrods and she stepped down 15 months later on April 2,2015, and was replaced by Marc Metrick, a former executive at Saks’s parent company, Hudson’s Bay. Starting in 2015 Saks began a million, three-year restoration of its Fifth Avenue flagship store. In the summer of 2015, it was announced that Saks will debut a new location in Greenwich, in the fall of 2015, Saks was planning to replace its existing store at the Houston Galleria with a new store
Saks Fifth Avenue
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Saks Fifth Avenue
Saks Fifth Avenue
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Flagship store in
Manhattan, New York
Saks Fifth Avenue
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Former his and hers Saks Fifth Avenue stores face each other on the
Magnificent Mile in
Chicago. The men's department relocated to the main building in 2014.
Saks Fifth Avenue
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Saks Fifth Avenue in Santa Fe Mall in
Mexico City.
27.
Bally Shoe
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The Bally company was founded as Bally & Co high fashion in 1851 by Carl Franz Bally and his brother Fritz in the basement of their family home in Schönenwerd in the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Bally was founded by Carl Franz Bally and his original family business was the manufacture of elastic ribbon. During a business trip to Paris in 1849, Carl Franz wanted to buy his wife some lace-up booties - the popular shoe of the day. Unable to recall her exact size, he decided to buy twelve pairs in a range of sizes, upon visiting the Parisian factory where the booties were made, he noticed that each shoe featured buttons with elastic closures similar to the kind his family produced in Switzerland. Inspired by the possibility of creating jobs and improving the lives of local residents. Together with his brother Fritz, Carl Franz employed designers to assist and together, the Bally Company was established in Schönenwerd in 1851 and three years later, the first factory located in the village centre was built. By the 1870s, Bally was recognised as an industry leader. The company’s name changed to C. F. Bally, Bally & Sons when the brand’s founding pioneer handed the company reins to his sons in 1892. Carl Franz died in 1899 but undeniably passed on his spirit to his sons. Bally grew internationally and opened stores in Geneva and Montevideo in 1870, followed by Buenos Aires, Paris, in the 1880s, Bally was also one of the very first European luxury goods brands to open in post-reform and opening China. Bally is currently under the leadership of CEO Frédéric de Narp, with Pablo Coppola as Design Director, today, the company is headquartered in Caslano, Ticino, Switzerland and run by JAB Holdings. The company announced that Frédéric de Narp, an executive at Harry Winston. Bally has boutiques in Sydney, Melbourne, Doncaster, Perth, and Sydney International Airport
Bally Shoe
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Bally store in
Hong Kong
28.
Burberry
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Burberry Group, Inc. is a British luxury fashion house headquartered in London, England. Its main fashion house focuses on and distributes ready-to-wear outerwear, fashion accessories, fragrances, sunglasses, the first shop opened up in the Haymarket, London, in 1891. Burberry was an independent family controlled company until 1955, when it was reincorporated, the fashion house has dressed notable actors, world leaders, musicians, and athletes. Its distinctive check pattern has one of its most widely copied trademarks. Burberry is most famous for its trench coat, Burberry has branded stores and franchises around the world and sells through concessions in third-party stores. Christopher Bailey has been the CEO and Chief Creative Officer since 2014, the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index. In 2015, Burberry ranked 73rd in Interbrands Best Global Brands report, ahead of Ralph Lauren, Burberry has more than 500 stores in over 50 countries. Burberry was founded in 1856 when 21-year-old Thomas Burberry, a drapers apprentice, opened his own store in Basingstoke, Hampshire. By 1870, the business had established itself by focusing on the development of outdoors attire, in 1879, Burberry introduced in his brand the gabardine, a hardwearing, water-resistant yet breathable fabric, in which the yarn is waterproofed before weaving. Burberry was the name, but then the company soon switched to using the name Burberrys. In 1999, it reverted to its old name, Burberry, the name Burberrys of London is still visible on many older Burberry products. In 1891, Burberry opened a shop in the Haymarket, London, in 1901, the Burberry Equestrian Knight Logo was developed containing the Latin word Prorsum, meaning forwards, and later registered it as a trademark in 1909. In 1911 they became the outfitters for Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton, a Burberry gabardine jacket was worn by George Mallory on his attempt on Mount Everest in 1924. Adapted to meet the needs of military personnel, the coat was born during the First World War. After the war, the coat became popular with civilians. The iconic Burberry check has been in use since at least the 1920s, Burberry also specially designed aviation garments. In 1937, A. E. Clouston and Betty Kirby-Green broke the record for the fastest return flight from London to Cape Town in The Burberry plane – which was sponsored by the brand. Burberry was an independent family controlled company until 1955, when it was taken over by Great Universal Stores, stars of the modern world began wearing the Burberrys brand
Burberry
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Former Burberry headquarters on the Haymarket (built 1913)
Burberry
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Burberry Group
Burberry
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A Burberry store in
Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong
Burberry
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Burberry children at department store
Smith & Caughey's Queen Street in
Auckland,
New Zealand
29.
Kendra Scott
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Kendra Scott is an American accessories designer. She is the executive officer of Kendra Scott Design. Scott moved to Austin at the age 19 and started her first company in a mall, Scott designed hats for people going through chemotherapy, to be comfortable but stylish. In 2002, Scott started Kendra Scott Design, Inc. and she was frustrated that jewelry options were either high-fashion and expensive or low quality and she wanted to fill the gap. She began by creating and selling jewelry to local stores, in 2010, Kendra Scott Design opened its first store in Austin, Texas. Kendra Scott Jewelry is now available in over 800 stores internationally, the corporate headquarters are located in Austin, Texas. In 2012, Kendra Scott Design was named the number one Fastest Growing Company in Austin in the under $10 million category by the Austin Business Journal, Scott sits on the board of LifeWorks and in 2012 held a benefit for Lauren Scruggs. Kendra Scott Design works with organizations, such as Meals on Wheels, Blessings in a Backpack. On January 4,2017, Kendra Scott donated 20% of all sales in-stores, Scott is co-host of CNBC Primes competition reality show Crowd Rules with Pat Kiernan. She has appeared on The Rachael Ray Show, in 2010 Scott was named the most influential woman in Central Texas by the Austin Business Journal. She was listed as a Fashion Influencer in the Pantone Fashion Color Report in 2013 and 2014, Scott won an Austin Under 40 Award in the Business & Entrepreneurship category and was named the Austinite of the Year at the 2013 Austin Under 40 Awards. She was given the Lady Bird Johnson Humanitarian of the Year Award at Luminaria 2013, Scott was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Scott lives and works in Austin, Texas with her three sons
Kendra Scott
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Kendra Scott Speaking in New York City, 2012
30.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
North Carolina
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North Carolina topographic map
North Carolina
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Flag
North Carolina
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The
Blue Ridge Mountains as seen from the
Blue Ridge Parkway.
North Carolina
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Deer in the
Eno River as it flows through the Piedmont region of North Carolina
31.
Cathedral of Seville
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The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See, better known as Seville Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Seville. It is the largest Gothic cathedral and the third-largest church in the world. It is also the largest cathedral in the world, as the two churches, the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida and St. Peters Basilica, are not the seats of bishops. It was registered in 1987 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, along with the Alcázar palace complex, See refers to the episcopal see, i. e. the bishops ecclesiastical jurisdiction. After its completion in the early 16th century, the Seville Cathedral supplanted Hagia Sophia as the largest cathedral in the world, the cathedral is also the burial site of Christopher Columbus. The Archbishops Palace is located on the side of the cathedral. Seville Cathedral was built to demonstrate the wealth, as it had become a major trading center in the years after the Reconquista in 1248. In July 1401 it was decided to build a new cathedral, according to local oral tradition, the members of the cathedral chapter said, Hagamos una Iglesia tan hermosa y tan grandiosa que los que la vieren labrada nos tengan por locos. Construction began in 1402 and continued until 1506, the clergy of the parish gave half their stipends to pay for architects, artists, stained glass artisans, masons, carvers, craftsman and labourers and other expenses. Five years after construction ended, in 1511, the dome collapsed, the dome again collapsed in 1888, and work was still being performed on the dome until at least 1903. The 1888 collapse occurred due to an earthquake and resulted in the destruction of every precious object below the dome at that time, the interior has the longest nave of any cathedral in Spain. The central nave rises to a height of 42 meters and is decorated with a large quantity of gilding. This altarpiece was the work of a single craftsman, Pierre Dancart. The builders used some columns and other elements from the ancient mosque, including its minaret, the Giralda is the bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville. Its height is 343 feet, and its base is 23 feet above sea level and 44 feet long per side. The Giralda is the minaret of the mosque that stood on the site under Muslim rule. It was converted into a tower for the cathedral after the Reconquista. It was registered in 1987 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, the tower is 104.5 m in height and was one of the most important symbols in the medieval city
Cathedral of Seville
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View of the southeastern side of the Cathedral
Cathedral of Seville
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Interior of the cathedral.
Cathedral of Seville
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La Giralda
Cathedral of Seville
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Door of the Conception, in the North facade
32.
Giralda Tower
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The Giralda is the bell tower of the Seville Cathedral in Seville, Spain. The Giralda was registered in 1987 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO along with the Alcazar, the tower is 104.1 m in height and remains one of the most important symbols of the city, as it has been since medieval times. Construction of the tower began under architect Ahmad Ben Baso in 1184, after Ben Basos death, other architects continued work on the tower. The mathematician and astronomer Jabir ibn Aflah is also credited with the towers design. The tower was completed March 10,1198 with the installation of copper spheres on the towers top, the Almohads built similar towers in what are now Spain and Morocco during this period. The tower of the Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh served as a model for the Giralda and its sister, the towers first two-thirds is a former minaret from the Almohad period of Seville, the upper third Spanish Renaissance architecture. After Seville was taken by the Christians in 1248 during the Reconquista, the tower survived the earthquake, but the copper spheres that originally topped the tower fell during a 1365 earthquake, and the spheres were replaced with a cross and bell. This newer section of the tower contains an inscription of Sevilles motto, NO8DO, spoken No me ha dejado. Alfonso X of Castile gave the motto to the city when it continued to support his rule during an insurrection, covering the top of the tower is the Lily section which surrounds the enclosure with the bell. The statue stands 4 m in height –7 m with the pedestal –, the oldest person to have successfully climbed the bell tower was Joan Vane, aged 93, who visited Giralda on October 15th 2016. The base at street level is a square of 13.6 m on the side, the foundation is built with solid, rectangular stones, some taken and reused from the Roman wall nearby. The part which corresponds to the original Moorish minaret is about 51 m high, with the Christian addition it is 98.5 m high, the wind vane, which gives name to the building, is over 4 m tall,7 m including the base. The tower has a ramp with 35 segments wide and tall enough to allow a person to ride on horseback to the top of the Moorish tower, the Christian addition has a final stair with 17 steps leading up to the bells. Many towers have borrowed from the Giraldas design throughout history, several church towers in the province of Seville also bear a resemblance to the tower, and may have been inspired by the Giralda. These towers, most notably those in Lebrija and Carmona, are known as Giraldillas. The building has also inspired buildings outside the US and Spain, such as, seven Sisters, seven Soviet-era skyscrapers in Moscow, Russia Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, Poland Blueprints of Sevilles Cathedral and Giralda, by Hernán Ruiz
Giralda Tower
–
La Giralda
Giralda Tower
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View of Giralda from cathedral.
Giralda Tower
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Replica of the Giralda, in
Kansas City, Missouri, twinned with Seville.
Giralda Tower
–
Giralda by night
33.
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco, California
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San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco, California
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco, California
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1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco, California
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
34.
Manifest destiny
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In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. Generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven, historians have emphasized that manifest destiny was a contested concept—pre-civil war Democrats endorsed the idea but many prominent Americans rejected it. Historian Daniel Walker Howe writes, American imperialism did not represent an American consensus, Whigs saw Americas moral mission as one of democratic example rather than one of conquest. The term was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico, but manifest destiny always limped along because of its internal limitations and the issue of slavery, says Merk. It never became a national priority, Merk concluded, From the outset Manifest Destiny—vast in program, in its sense of continentalism—was slight in support. It lacked national, sectional, or party following commensurate with its magnitude, the reason was it did not reflect the national spirit. The thesis that it embodied nationalism, found in historical writing, is backed by little real supporting evidence. There was never a set of principles defining manifest destiny, therefore it was always a general rather than a specific policy made with a motto. Andrew Jackson, who spoke of extending the area of freedom, typified the conflation of Americas potential greatness, the nations budding sense of Romantic self-identity, yet Jackson would not be the only president to elaborate on the principles underlying manifest destiny. Owing in part to the lack of a definitive narrative outlining its rationale, while many writers focused primarily upon American expansionism, be it into Mexico or across the Pacific, others saw the term as a call to example. Without an agreed upon interpretation, much less a political philosophy. This variety of possible meanings was summed up by Ernest Lee Tuveson, A vast complex of ideas, policies and they are not, as we should expect, all compatible, nor do they come from any one source. This destiny was not explicitly territorial, but OSullivan predicted that the United States would be one of a Union of many Republics sharing those values. Six years later, in 1845, OSullivan wrote another essay titled Annexation in the Democratic Review, in this article he urged the U. S. Overcoming Whig opposition, Democrats annexed Texas in 1845, OSullivans first usage of the phrase manifest destiny attracted little attention. OSullivans second use of the phrase became extremely influential, on December 27,1845, in his newspaper the New York Morning News, OSullivan addressed the ongoing boundary dispute with Britain. That is, OSullivan believed that Providence had given the United States a mission to spread republican democracy, because Britain would not spread democracy, thought OSullivan, British claims to the territory should be overruled. OSullivan believed that manifest destiny was an ideal that superseded other considerations
Manifest destiny
Manifest destiny
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John L. O'Sullivan, sketched in 1874, was an influential columnist as a young man, but he is now generally remembered only for his use of the phrase "manifest destiny" to advocate the annexation of Texas and Oregon.
Manifest destiny
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John Quincy Adams, painted above in 1816 by
Charles Robert Leslie, was an early proponent of continentalism. Late in life he came to regret his role in helping U.S. slavery to expand, and became a leading opponent of the annexation of Texas.
Manifest destiny
–
The first
Fort Laramie as it looked prior to 1840. Painting from memory by Alfred Jacob Miller
35.
American Century Investments
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American Century Investments is a privately controlled and independent investment management firm. The company was founded by James E. Stowers, Jr. in 1958 as Twentieth Century Mutual Funds, after both suffering from cancer, Stowers and his wife founded the Stowers Institute for Medical Research in 1994. The Stowers dedicated their personal fortune to endow the Institute with gifts totaling $2 billion, today the 600, 000-square-foot biomedical research facility is situated on a 10-acre campus in the heart of Kansas City, near the headquarters of American Century Investments. More than 40% of ACIs profits support research to find cures for such genetically based diseases as cancer, diabetes, in 2011, JP Morgan Chase sold their 41% stake in ACI to Toronto based bank CIBC. CIBC resold its stake to Nomura Holdings for around $1 billion as it could not gain control of ACI. The stake gave Nomura 10. 1% of the voting rights
American Century Investments
–
American Century Towers, Kansas City, Missouri
36.
Russell Stover Candies
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Russell Stover Candies, Inc. founded by Russell and Clara Stover, is a supplier of candy, chocolate, and confections in the United States. The corporate headquarters are in Kansas City, Missouri, in July 2014 the company was acquired by the international company Lindt & Sprüngli. Russell Stover Candies did not start with candy, in 1921, Russell Stover and his partner, Iowa schoolteacher Christian Kent Nelson, created the worlds first chocolate-dipped ice cream bar. At a dinner party, Russells wife Clara Stover suggested calling it an Eskimo Pie, the product was a success for them, making them quite a fortune in their first year. However, as other companies began to release similar chocolate-dipped ice cream products. The Stovers sold their share of the company for $25,000 and moved to Denver, in 1923, Russell and Clara created the new eponymous company from their home, packaging and selling boxed chocolates. They were originally named Mrs. Stovers Bungalow Candies, however,20 years later, in 1943, it was renamed Russell Stover Candies. The company remained in the Stover family until 1969 when it was purchased by Louis Ward, the company expanded is chocolate brands by acquiring Whitmans in 1993 and Pangburns in 1999. It was owned by the Ward family until July 14,2014, Russell Stover Candies is the nation’s leading manufacturer of boxed chocolates and the third largest American chocolate manufacturer, trailing only Hershey and Mars. The company’s three brands – Russell Stover, Whitmans, and Pangburns – account for more than 60 percent of all boxed chocolate sales in the United States. Russell Stover candies are sold in nearly 40 company-owned retail stores and through 70,000 wholesale accounts in more than 20 countries, including the United States, Canada, the company manufactures nearly 100 million pounds of chocolate annually
Russell Stover Candies
–
Russell Stover Candies
Russell Stover Candies
–
Russell Stover headquarters in Kansas City
37.
Gates Bar-B-Q
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Gates Bar-B-Q is one of two Kansas City, Missouri restaurants that trace their roots back to Henry Perry, founder of Kansas City barbecue. Gates Bar-B-Q is a Kansas City original family restaurant that started in 1946 and it has grown from a single store front at 19th & Vine to a family of six up-to-date restaurants throughout the Kansas City metropolitan area. This neighborhood saw the rise of the famous Henry Perry restaurant as well as the 18th & Vine Jazz District, Gates was founded by George and Arzelia Gates, their three children, and the cook, Arthur Pinkard, who had been a cook for Perry. There are six Gates Bar-B-Q restaurants throughout the Kansas City area and they are easily marked by their unique red roof design and sauce bottles with the man in full tuxedo top hat. The restaurant says its staff is trained at Gates College of Bar-B-Que Knowledge, the Gates Bar-B-Q headquarters are located at 4621 Paseo. Since 1983, Gates has attempted distribution of their famous sauce across the country, in markets close to Kansas City, Gates sauces maintain a substantial market share, but the distribution area has been severely limited due to high transportation costs. G. The title and cover of the 2010 album the song is featured on, The Gates Mixed Plate, Tech N9ne has also referred to Ollie Gates in numerous songs over his career. Gates and Sons is referenced in lyrics for Sir Mix-a-Lots song A Rappers Reputation from the 1992 album Mack Daddy, list of barbecue restaurants Official website Kansas City Barbecue History Kanas City Public Library History
Gates Bar-B-Q
–
Gates Bar-B-Q at Cleaver II & Paseo on Brush Creek
38.
Christmas lighting technology
–
Holiday lighting technology has been subject to considerable development and variation since the replacement of candles by electric lights. Incandescent light bulbs have been used in holiday lights until recently. These lights produce a white light, and are colored by coating the glass envelope with a translucent paint which acts as a color filter. Some early Japanese-made lamps, however, used colored glass, light-emitting diode holiday lights are quickly gaining popularity in many places due to their low energy usage, very long lifetimes, and associated low maintenance. Colored LEDs are also far more efficient at producing light than their colored incandescent counterparts, there are two types of LEDs, colored LEDs and white LEDs. Colored LEDs emit a specific color light, regardless of the color of the transparent plastic lens that encases the LEDs chip, the plastic may be colored for cosmetic reasons, but does not substantially affect the color of the light emitted. Holiday lights of this type do not suffer from color fading because the light is determined by the LEDs chip rather than the plastic lens, white LEDs are similar in most respects such as power and durability, but utilize a two-stage process to create the white light. In the first stage, the LED actually only one color of light. In the second stage, some of the blue or violet-blue is absorbed by a phosphor and this is essentially the same process used in fluorescent lamps, except for the use of an LED to create blue light rather than excited gas plasma to create ultraviolet. White LEDs can be used as white holiday lights or to any other color through the use of colored refractors. Color fading may occur due to the exposure of colored plastics to sunlight or heat, yellowing may also occur in the epoxy body in which the LED is encased if left in the sun consistently. LEDs use much less electricity and have a greater lifespan than incandescent lamps. Since they are constructed from solid materials and have no metallic filaments to burn out or break. Although LEDs are long-life devices, older or lower-quality strands of LED-based holiday lights can suffer from early failure and this is particularly so with blue ones, which are the newest and most expensive, and therefore prone to cost-cutting. Most LED-based holiday lights use copper wire which connects to the plated, having dissimilar metals in contact can result in galvanic corrosion inside of the lamps sockets, causing them to stop working. Many mini sets use standard 3 mm dome-shaped LEDs, and have a cover over them to provide refraction. These covers come in C5, C6, and C7 sizes pointed strawberries, G12 globe raspberries, for blue and green, these covers may have some fluorescence, leading to a lighter color. Other sets have 5 mm domes with no covers because these project light in one direction, instead they have a cone-shaped indentation on the top to refract light out to the sides
Christmas lighting technology
–
An LED holiday light.
Christmas lighting technology
–
A number of light sculptures feature in this elaborate display which surrounds a Nativity scene set in a basement garage.
Christmas lighting technology
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The four most common bulb sizes used in the United States. From left to right: "rice" style LED (0.057w), T1¾ "midget" (0.5w), C7½ (5w) and C9¼ (7.5w). Quarter shown for size comparison.
Christmas lighting technology
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A string of electric Christmas lights, unlit, decorating the edge of a roof on a house in Keswick, Ontario, Canada; Christmas 2008
39.
Christmas
–
In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family. Although the month and date of Jesus birth are unknown, by the fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar and this is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration, December 25 was the date the Romans marked as the winter solstice, the shortest, and therefore darkest day of the year. Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse, the date is exactly nine months following Annunciation, when the conception of Jesus is celebrated. Finally, the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year, so Christmas may have been scheduled at this time to appropriate, or compete with, one or more of these festivals. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, the economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. Christmas is a form of Christs mass. It is derived from the Middle English Cristemasse, which is from Old English Crīstesmæsse, crīst is from Greek Khrīstos, a translation of Hebrew Māšîaḥ, Messiah, meaning anointed, and mæsse is from Latin missa, the celebration of the Eucharist. The form Christenmas was also used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal, it derives from Middle English Cristenmasse. In addition to Christmas, the holiday has been known by other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as midwinter, or, more rarely, Nativity, meaning birth, is from Latin nātīvitās. In Old English, Gēola referred to the corresponding to December and January. Noel entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French noël or naël, itself ultimately from the Latin nātālis, the canonical gospels of Luke and Matthew both describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Gospel of Luke account, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census and it says that angels proclaimed him a savior for all people, and shepherds came to adore him. In the Matthew account, magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels, the first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century, the feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day
Christmas
–
A
depiction of the
Nativity of Jesus with a
Christmas tree backdrop
Christmas
–
Adoration of the Shepherds by Gerard van Honthorst depicts the nativity of
Jesus
Christmas
–
Eastern Orthodox icon of the birth of Christ by
St. Andrei Rublev, 15th century
Christmas
–
Nativity of Christ – medieval illustration from the
Hortus deliciarum of
Herrad of Landsberg (12th century)
40.
Thanksgiving
–
Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, in the United States, in some of the Caribbean islands and in Liberia. It was originally celebrated as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest, similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well. Prayers of thanks and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among almost all religions after harvests, the Thanksgiving holidays history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant Reformation. It also has aspects of a harvest festival, even though the harvest in New England occurs well before the date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is celebrated. Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, the 1536 reforms reduced the number of Church holidays to 27, but some Puritans wished to completely eliminate all Church holidays, including Christmas and Easter. The holidays were to be replaced by specially called Days of Fasting or Days of Thanksgiving, unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving, for example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588, an unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5. Some researchers state that there is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving day, the origins of Canadian Thanksgiving are also sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to New France in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season and continued throughout the winter season, as settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, most of the US aspects of Thanksgiving, were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during the American Revolution and settled in Canada. The 1621 Plymouth feast and thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest, Pilgrims and Puritans who began emigrating from England in the 1620s and 1630s carried the tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. In the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God, now called Oktober Feesten, Leidens autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims plans to emigrate to America. Later in Massachusetts, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders such as Governor Bradford, the practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s. Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, during the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by governors, John Hancock, General George Washington. James Baker maintains, The American holidays true origin was the New England Calvinist Thanksgiving, never coupled with a Sabbath meeting, the Puritan observances were special days set aside during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to Gods providence
Thanksgiving
–
Saying grace before carving a turkey at Thanksgiving dinner in
Neffsville, Pennsylvania, 1942
Thanksgiving
–
Oven-roasted
turkey
Thanksgiving
–
Jennie Augusta Brownscombe, The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth, 1914,
Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, Massachusetts
Thanksgiving
–
Pumpkin pie is commonly served on and around Thanksgiving in North America.
41.
Christmas and holiday season
–
It incorporates a period of shopping which comprises a peak season for the retail sector, and a period of sales at the end of the season. Christmas window displays and Christmas tree lighting ceremonies when trees decorated with ornaments, the term Advent calendar survives in secular Western parlance as a term referring to a countdown to Christmas Day from the beginning of December. Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festival in honor of the deity Saturn, held on December 17 of the Julian calendar, the poet Catullus called it the best of days. The tradition of celebrating the birth of Christ on December 25 appears to date from the 4th century when Christianity was adopted as the religion of the Roman Empire. In the Christian tradition the Christmas season is a beginning on Christmas Day. In some churches the season continues until the day before the Epiphany, If the Epiphany is kept on January 6, the Church of Englands use of the term Christmas season corresponds to the Twelve Days of Christmas, and ends on Twelfth Night. This short Christmas season is preceded by Advent, which begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day, the Anglican Communion and some Protestant churches follow the Christmas season with an Epiphany season which lasts until Shrove Tuesday which is also known as Mardi Gras or Fat Tuesday. Other European cultures have their own carnival festivities between new year and Lent, according to Yanovski et al. in the United States the holiday season is generally considered to begin with the day after Thanksgiving and end after New Years Day. According to Axelrad, the season in the United States encompasses at least Christmas and New Years Day, fire Administration defines the Winter Holiday Season as the period from December 1 to January 7. According to Chen et al. in China the Christmas and holiday season is considered to begin with the winter solstice. Some stores and shopping malls advertise their Christmas merchandise beginning after Halloween or even in late October, the precise definition of feasts and festival days that are encompassed by the Christmas and holiday season has become controversial in the United States over recent decades. The exchange of gifts is central to the Christmas and holiday season, and this comprises a peak time for the retail sector at the start of the holiday season and a period of sales at the end of the season, the January sales. Although once dedicated mostly to white sales and clearance sales, the January sales now comprise both winter close-out sales and sales comprising the redemption of gift cards given as presents. Young-Bean Song, director of analytics at the Atlas Institute in Seattle, states that it is a myth that the shopping season starts with Thanksgiving. January is a key part of the holiday season, stating that for the U. S. e-commerce sector January sales volumes matched December sales volumes in the 2004/2005 Christmas and holiday season. Many people find this time particularly stressful, as a remedy, and as a return to what they perceive as the root of Christmas, some practice alternative giving. During the 2014 holiday shopping season, retail sales in the United States are forecast to increase to a total of over $616 billion, the average US holiday shopper is expected to spend over $800, of which close to 73 percent will be in gifts. In 2015, retail sales in the United States increased to a total of over $630 billion, the average US holiday shopper spent on average $805
Christmas and holiday season
–
Christmas tree in Japan. Christmas is celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians
around the world.
Christmas and holiday season
–
Holiday shopping
Christmas and holiday season
–
Public, secular celebration in seasonal costume
Christmas and holiday season
–
A Christmas tree inside a home
42.
KSHB
–
KSHB-TV, virtual channel 41, is an NBC-affiliated television station serving the area of Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas in the United States. The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, on cable, KSHB is available on Comcast channel 8, Charter Communications and SureWest channel 13, and AT&T U-verse channel 41. The station first signed on the air on August 10,1970 as KBMA-TV, the first local program to air on KBMA was 41 Treehouse Lane, an afternoon series aimed at children which also showcased cartoon shorts. In 1977, Grant sold KBMA to the Scripps-Howard Broadcasting subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company. To reflect its new ownership, the station changed its call letters to KSHB-TV on September 28,1981, at which this time. KSHB became an affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company when that network launched on October 9,1986. Around the time channel 41 joined Fox, the station began identifying itself as KSHB-TV41. Until Fox began offering seven nights a week of prime time programming in September 1993, one of the stations involved in the wide-ranging agreement was Kansas Citys longtime NBC affiliate, WDAF-TV, which had been affiliated with that network since it signed on in October 1949. New World included WDAF among the stations that would switch to Fox as part of its agreement with the network. With only five months to find a new partner to replace WDAF as its Kansas City affiliate, the network first approached CBS affiliate KCTV for a deal and briefly held discussions with the station for a contract. NBC eventually signed an agreement with Scripps to affiliate with KSHB on August 1,1994, channel 41 officially became an NBC affiliate on September 12,1994, when Fox programming moved to WDAF, ending that stations affiliation with NBC after 45 years. At that time, KSHB accordingly dropped its existing Fox 41 brand, Scripps acquired KMCI outright on March 3,2000, becoming the first official television duopoly in the Kansas City market. In July 2003, KSHB and KMCI relocated their transmitter facilities to an 1, the stations digital channel is multiplexed, KSHB also operates a Mobile DTV feed that relays the stations primary channel on virtual channel 41.1, which transmits at 1.83 Mbit/s. The mobile feed, developed through a partnership with Mobile Content Venture, KSHB-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 41. On April 1,2013, KSHB-DT2 became an affiliate of the television network Cozi TV. The stations digital signal continued to broadcasts on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the stations virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 41. Syndicated programming broadcast on KSHB-TV includes The Wendy Williams Show, Access Hollywood, slot, the Kansas City Live title was revived for a new talk show that debuted on the station in September 2012, which features a mix of paid and unpaid segments. KSHB-TV currently broadcasts the entire NBC schedule, with the only programming pre-emptions being those necessitated due to breaking news or severe weather events that require extended coverage
KSHB
–
Former logo, used from 2003 to 2012.
KSHB
–
KSHB-TV
43.
KSHB-TV
–
KSHB-TV, virtual channel 41, is an NBC-affiliated television station serving the area of Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas in the United States. The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, on cable, KSHB is available on Comcast channel 8, Charter Communications and SureWest channel 13, and AT&T U-verse channel 41. The station first signed on the air on August 10,1970 as KBMA-TV, the first local program to air on KBMA was 41 Treehouse Lane, an afternoon series aimed at children which also showcased cartoon shorts. In 1977, Grant sold KBMA to the Scripps-Howard Broadcasting subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company. To reflect its new ownership, the station changed its call letters to KSHB-TV on September 28,1981, at which this time. KSHB became an affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company when that network launched on October 9,1986. Around the time channel 41 joined Fox, the station began identifying itself as KSHB-TV41. Until Fox began offering seven nights a week of prime time programming in September 1993, one of the stations involved in the wide-ranging agreement was Kansas Citys longtime NBC affiliate, WDAF-TV, which had been affiliated with that network since it signed on in October 1949. New World included WDAF among the stations that would switch to Fox as part of its agreement with the network. With only five months to find a new partner to replace WDAF as its Kansas City affiliate, the network first approached CBS affiliate KCTV for a deal and briefly held discussions with the station for a contract. NBC eventually signed an agreement with Scripps to affiliate with KSHB on August 1,1994, channel 41 officially became an NBC affiliate on September 12,1994, when Fox programming moved to WDAF, ending that stations affiliation with NBC after 45 years. At that time, KSHB accordingly dropped its existing Fox 41 brand, Scripps acquired KMCI outright on March 3,2000, becoming the first official television duopoly in the Kansas City market. In July 2003, KSHB and KMCI relocated their transmitter facilities to an 1, the stations digital channel is multiplexed, KSHB also operates a Mobile DTV feed that relays the stations primary channel on virtual channel 41.1, which transmits at 1.83 Mbit/s. The mobile feed, developed through a partnership with Mobile Content Venture, KSHB-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 41. On April 1,2013, KSHB-DT2 became an affiliate of the television network Cozi TV. The stations digital signal continued to broadcasts on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the stations virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 41. Syndicated programming broadcast on KSHB-TV includes The Wendy Williams Show, Access Hollywood, slot, the Kansas City Live title was revived for a new talk show that debuted on the station in September 2012, which features a mix of paid and unpaid segments. KSHB-TV currently broadcasts the entire NBC schedule, with the only programming pre-emptions being those necessitated due to breaking news or severe weather events that require extended coverage
KSHB-TV
–
Former logo, used from 2003 to 2012.
44.
Kansas City Power and Light Company
–
Kansas City Power and Light Company is an electric utility company serving the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is an owned subsidiary of Great Plains Energy Incorporated of which it is the biggest component. The following month, the franchise to establish an electric works in the City of Kansas, Mo. was granted to Lysander R. Moore. Construction was begun in February 1882 on a plant on a tract of land at the southeast corner of 8th. Kawsmouth Electric Light Company built quickly and, on Saturday night, May 13,1882, in 1885 the company reincorporated as Kansas City Electric Light Company. Weeks spun off the Edison Electric Light & Power Company to meet residential demand, under Armour the company bought competitors and built a new power plant in 1903, providing steam heat to downtown businesses. The company focused on the company and in 1911 it went into receivership. In October 1917, the spun off the trolley business. In 1917 the company began construction on the Northeast Power station, in June 1919, the company reincorporated again, as Kansas City Power and Light Company. Armour sold his interest in 1923, continental Gas & Electric Corporation purchased the controlling interest in 1924 and was part of United Light and Power until United dissolved in 1950. The Hawthorn Station, situated on the Missouri River, was started in 1948, two other units followed and were fully operational by 1956. Kansas City Power became independent in 1950 and it acquired Eastern Kansas Utilities in 1952. It was part of a consortium that built Wolf Creek Nuclear Generating Station in Burlington, in a 2001 corporate restructure it became part of Great Plains Energy Incorporated. In September 2009 KCP&L moved into its new building, One Kansas City Place at 1200 Main in KCMO, just 1 block west of Kansas Citys Power, the lease is going to be 23 years long. Official site Lehman Brothers History of Company
Kansas City Power and Light Company
–
The art deco
Kansas City Power and Light Building was the former headquarters of the company and was the tallest building west of the Mississippi until 1942, tallest in Missouri until 1976 and tallest in Kansas City until 1986 and is the namesake of the downtown
Kansas City Power & Light District
Kansas City Power and Light Company
–
Kansas City Power & Light
Kansas City Power and Light Company
–
Barack Obama in front a KCP&L truck on July 8, 2010, at the
Smith Electric Vehicles plant at
Kansas City International Airport. KCP&L has bought a fleet of electric powered trucks from the company.
45.
The Kansas City Star
–
The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri, in the United States. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer Prizes, the Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry Truman and as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style. It was also central to government-mandated divestiture of radio and television outlets by newspaper concerns in the late 1950s, Kansas City Star is also the name of a song by the musician Roger Miller, released in 1965. The paper, originally called The Kansas City Evening Star, was founded September 18,1880, by William Rockhill Nelson, Morss quit the newspaper business within a year and a half because of ill health. At the time there were three daily competitors – the Evening Mail, The Kansas City Times and the Kansas City Journal. Competitor Times editor Eugene Field wrote this about the new newspaper, Twinkle, twinkle, little Star Bright and gossipy you are and he purchased the Kansas City Evening Mail in 1882. The paper name was changed to The Kansas City Star in 1885, Nelson started the Weekly Kansas City Star in 1890 and the Sunday Kansas City Star in 1894. In 1901 Nelson also bought the morning paper The Kansas City Times, Nelson announced the arrival of the 24 Hour Star. President Harry S. Truman worked two weeks in August 1902 in the mailroom, making $7.00 the first week, the paper was first printed on the second story of a three-story building at 407–409 Delaware. In 1881 it moved 14 W. 5th Street, in 1882 it moved to 115 W. 6th. In 1889 it moved to 804–806 Wyandotte, in 1911 it moved into its Jarvis Hunt-designed building at 18th and Grand. Nelson provided in his will that his newspaper was to support his wife and daughter, Ernest Hemingway was a reporter for the Star from October 1917 to April 1918. Pete Wellington with changing a wordy high-schoolers writing style into clear, throughout his lifetime he referred to this admonition from The Star Copy Style, the papers style guide, Use short sentences. Nelsons wife died in 1921, his daughter Laura Kirkwood died in a Baltimore hotel room in 1926 at the age of 43, lauras husband Irwin Kirkwood, who was editor of the paper, led the employee purchase. Kirkwood in turn died of an attack in 1927 in Saratoga Springs, New York. Stock in the company was distributed among other employees. Virtually all proceeds from the sale and remains of Nelsons $6 million personal fortune were donated to create the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art on the site of Nelsons home, both papers were purchased by the employees in 1926 following the death of Nelsons daughter. Editor Roy A. Roberts was to make the newspaper a major force in Kansas politics, Roberts joined the paper in 1909 and was picked by Nelson for the Washington bureau in 1915
The Kansas City Star
–
Type
The Kansas City Star
–
William Rockhill Nelson
The Kansas City Star
The Kansas City Star
–
The new printing plant which opened in June 2006. The headquarters is the red brick building on the lower right
46.
Wayback Machine
–
The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
Wayback Machine
–
Wayback Machine
47.
KCTV
–
KCTV, virtual channel 5, is a CBS-affiliated television station serving Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Kansas, United States. The station is owned by the Meredith Local Media subsidiary of the Meredith Corporation, on cable, the station is available on Charter Communications, Comcast and SureWest channel 3, and Google Fiber and AT&T U-verse channel 5. KCTV also serves as an alternate CBS affiliate for the Saint Joseph market, however, on June 1, KNPG-LDs sister station KBJO-LD, currently affiliated with the Spanish-language Telemundo network, will become a CBS affiliate, ending out-of-market reliance on KCTV. The station first signed on the air on September 27,1953 as KCMO-TV, founded by the KCMO Broadcasting Corporation, owners of radio stations KCMO and KCMO-FM, from which the television station acquired its original call letters. The station originally operated from facilities located on East 31st Street in Kansas City. In January 1955, Meredith signed a agreement with CBS to affiliate five of the television stations that the former owned at the time with the network. As part of the deal, Meredith agreed to affiliate KCMO-TV with CBS, as compensation for sister station KPHO-TV in Phoenix, Arizona losing its affiliation with the network. CBS moved its Kansas City affiliation to channel 5 from KMBC-TV in September of that year, KMBC, meanwhile, Meredith sold the KCMO radio stations to Richard Fairbanks in 1983, but retained ownership of KCMO-TV. On March 7 of that year, the changed the stations call letters to KCTV. It also relocated its operations across the Missouri-Kansas state line from its studio facilities on East 31st Street to a new facility on Shawnee Mission Parkway in Fairway. With Channel 4s contract with the set to expire in five months. It first entered into discussions with KCTV management about becoming an NBC affiliate, Meredith and CBS would reach an agreement on the proposal on June 29,1994. With CBS staving off another affiliate defection in a New World market, on November 12,2004, Meredith purchased WB affiliate KSMO-TV from the Hunt Valley, Maryland-based Sinclair Broadcast Group for $33.5 million. Under the terms of the deal, Meredith assumed responsibility for KSMOs advertising sales, when the deal was finalized on September 29,2005 through permission of a failing station waiver, KCTV and KSMO became the third television station duopoly in the Kansas City market. KSMO subsequently migrated its operations from its studio facility in Kansas City, Kansas. However, on September 28, Irving, Texas-based Nexstar Broadcasting Group made an unsolicited cash-and-stock merger offer for Media General, KCTV maintains transmitter facilities on a 1, 042-foot transmission tower located at its former studio facility on East 31st Street on Union Hill. The tower itself is similar in structure to the 750-foot transmission tower on which ABC affiliate KQTV upstate in St. Joseph maintains its transmitter antenna. From the 1970s until 2001, the tower served as a weather beacon to signal residents and visitors of inclement weather affecting Kansas City
KCTV
–
KCTV's transmitter tower
KCTV
–
KCTV
KCTV
–
KCTV's transmitter tower as seen from
Liberty Memorial
48.
Kansas City
–
The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15-county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U. S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of about 2,340,000, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri, the Mid-America Regional Council serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area. The larger Kansas City Metropolitan Area as seen on a map can be visualized roughly as four quadrants and it includes parts of Clay County, Missouri including North Kansas City, Missouri. The river bands sharpest part forms a peninsula containing the Kansas City Downtown Airport, the southeast quadrant includes Kansas City, Missouri and surrounding areas in Missouri. It includes the notorious Grandview Triangle, the southwest quadrant includes all of Johnson County, Kansas, which includes the towns in the area known as Shawnee Mission, Kansas. Interstate 35 runs diagonally through Johnson County, Kansas from the southwest to downtown Kansas City, the northwest quadrant contains Wyandotte County, Kansas and parts of Platte County, Missouri. Wyandotte County, Kansas, sometimes referred to as just Wyandotte, often the Wyandotte government is referred to simply as The Unified Government. Another bend in the Missouri River forms the county line between Wyandotte County, Kansas and Platte County, Missouri to the north and northeast, Downtown almost always refers to downtown Kansas City, Missouri. Downtown is the Kansas Citys historic center, located entirely within Kansas City, Missouri, Downtown is bounded by the Missouri River on the north, the Missouri-Kansas state line on the west, 31st Street on the south and the Blue River on the east. The downtown area includes the Central Business District and its buildings, the downtown loop is formed by Interstates 670,70 and 35. Within the downtown loop are many of the buildings and skyscrapers that make up the citys skyline. Also within the loop are small, distinct neighborhoods such as Quality Hill, the Garment District, the Financial District, the Convention Center District. Other neighborhoods within downtown are the River Market and Columbus Park, between the downtown loop and the state line are the Westside neighborhood and the West Bottoms, located at the bottom of the bluff adjacent to Kaw Point. East of the loop are the 18th & Vine District, the North Bottoms, East Bottoms, Northeast, South of the loop is the Crossroads District, Union Hill, Crown Center, Hospital Hill, Longfellow, Wendell Phillips, and Washington Wheatley. The Sprint Center and the College Basketball Experience are within Power & Light District, the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts is perched upon a high point immediately south of the downtown loop. North of the loop are City Market within the River Market, West of the loop within the West Bottoms are Kemper Arena and Hale Arena. Midtown consists of distinct and historic neighborhoods such as Westport, Hyde Park. Shopping is centered on the Country Club Plaza, which contains luxury retailers, hotels
Kansas City
–
Kansas City metropolitan area
Kansas City
–
Kansas City satellite map. The larger
Missouri River is zigzagging from west to east; the much smaller
Kansas is approaching from the south and joins it at
Kaw Point. Kansas City, Missouri, is located immediately south of their intersection; North Kansas City, Missouri, is to its northeast; and Kansas City, Kansas, is to the west.
Kansas City
–
Fort Osage National Historic Site
Kansas City
–
Jackson County Jail and Marshal's House
49.
Kansas City metropolitan area
–
The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15-county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U. S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of about 2,340,000, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri, the Mid-America Regional Council serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area. The larger Kansas City Metropolitan Area as seen on a map can be visualized roughly as four quadrants and it includes parts of Clay County, Missouri including North Kansas City, Missouri. The river bands sharpest part forms a peninsula containing the Kansas City Downtown Airport, the southeast quadrant includes Kansas City, Missouri and surrounding areas in Missouri. It includes the notorious Grandview Triangle, the southwest quadrant includes all of Johnson County, Kansas, which includes the towns in the area known as Shawnee Mission, Kansas. Interstate 35 runs diagonally through Johnson County, Kansas from the southwest to downtown Kansas City, the northwest quadrant contains Wyandotte County, Kansas and parts of Platte County, Missouri. Wyandotte County, Kansas, sometimes referred to as just Wyandotte, often the Wyandotte government is referred to simply as The Unified Government. Another bend in the Missouri River forms the county line between Wyandotte County, Kansas and Platte County, Missouri to the north and northeast, Downtown almost always refers to downtown Kansas City, Missouri. Downtown is the Kansas Citys historic center, located entirely within Kansas City, Missouri, Downtown is bounded by the Missouri River on the north, the Missouri-Kansas state line on the west, 31st Street on the south and the Blue River on the east. The downtown area includes the Central Business District and its buildings, the downtown loop is formed by Interstates 670,70 and 35. Within the downtown loop are many of the buildings and skyscrapers that make up the citys skyline. Also within the loop are small, distinct neighborhoods such as Quality Hill, the Garment District, the Financial District, the Convention Center District. Other neighborhoods within downtown are the River Market and Columbus Park, between the downtown loop and the state line are the Westside neighborhood and the West Bottoms, located at the bottom of the bluff adjacent to Kaw Point. East of the loop are the 18th & Vine District, the North Bottoms, East Bottoms, Northeast, South of the loop is the Crossroads District, Union Hill, Crown Center, Hospital Hill, Longfellow, Wendell Phillips, and Washington Wheatley. The Sprint Center and the College Basketball Experience are within Power & Light District, the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts is perched upon a high point immediately south of the downtown loop. North of the loop are City Market within the River Market, West of the loop within the West Bottoms are Kemper Arena and Hale Arena. Midtown consists of distinct and historic neighborhoods such as Westport, Hyde Park. Shopping is centered on the Country Club Plaza, which contains luxury retailers, hotels
Kansas City metropolitan area
–
Kansas City metropolitan area
Kansas City metropolitan area
–
Kansas City satellite map. The larger
Missouri River is zigzagging from west to east; the much smaller
Kansas is approaching from the south and joins it at
Kaw Point. Kansas City, Missouri, is located immediately south of their intersection; North Kansas City, Missouri, is to its northeast; and Kansas City, Kansas, is to the west.
Kansas City metropolitan area
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Fort Osage National Historic Site
Kansas City metropolitan area
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Jackson County Jail and Marshal's House
