Earle, Arkansas
Earle is a city in Crittenden County, United States. The population was 2,414 at the 2010 census, down from 3,036 at the 2000 census. Earle is located in western Crittenden County at 35°16′13″N 90°27′53″W. U. S. Route 64 passes through the northern part of the city. US 64 leads 28 miles east to Memphis, Tennessee. According to the United States Census Bureau, Earle has a total area of all land. In 1918, an African-American man called Elton Mitchell was eviscerated with a knife and hanged from a tree after he refused to work for a white landowner for free; as of the 2013 American Community Survey, there were 2,400 people residing in the city. 88.7 % were 10.8 % White and 0.6 % from two or more races. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,036 people, 1,074 households, 727 families residing in the city; the population density was 932.9 people per square mile. There were 1,247 housing units at an average density of 383.2/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 23.45% White, 75.23% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.10% from other races, 0.59% from two or more races.
0.53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 1,074 households out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.0% were married couples living together, 27.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.3% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.54. In the city, the population was spread out with 36.6% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $20,344, the median income for a family was $22,775. Males had a median income of $26,510 versus $18,011 for females; the per capita income for the city was $13,260,000. About 40.2% of families and 45.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 58.7% of those under age 18 and 36.6% of those age 65 or over.
Public education for early childhood and secondary school students is provided by the Earle School District, which leads to graduation from Earle High School. The Old Earle High School with its Mission/Spanish Revival style served as the city's high school from 1919 to 1978 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On May 2, 2008, WMC-TV reported that a tornado, reported to be large and dangerous affected the Earle area causing major damage in parts of the town and some injuries. There were reports of people missing or unaccounted for. Homes were destroyed, while businesses and the high school were damaged; the tornado was confirmed on the same day as an EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale with winds near 150 to 160 mph. Charles T. Bernard and Republican politician George Berry Washington, a former slave who became one of Crittenden County's largest landowners Harvey Locke Carey and politician from Shreveport, lived in Earle as a child Shakey Jake Harris, Chicago blues singer and songwriter Milton Nicks, member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for Crittenden and Cross counties.
1940 United States Census
The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.3 percent over the 1930 population of 123,202,624 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940. A number of new questions were asked including where people were 5 years before, highest educational grade achieved, information about wages; this census introduced sampling techniques. Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939; this was the first census in which every state had a population greater than 100,000. The 1940 census collected the following information: In addition, a sample of individuals were asked additional questions covering age at first marriage and other topics. Full documentation on the 1940 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Following completion of the census, the original enumeration sheets were microfilmed; as required by Title 13 of the U.
S. Code, access to identifiable information from census records was restricted for 72 years. Non-personally identifiable information Microdata from the 1940 census is available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. On April 2, 2012—72 years after the census was taken—microfilmed images of the 1940 census enumeration sheets were released to the public by the National Archives and Records Administration; the records are indexed only by enumeration district upon initial release. Official 1940 census website 1940 Census Records from the U. S. National Archives and Records Administration 1940 Federal Population Census Videos, training videos for enumerators at the U. S. National Archives Selected Historical Decennial Census Population and Housing Counts from the U. S. Census Bureau Snow, Michael S. "Why the huge interest in the 1940 Census?"
CNN. Monday April 9, 2012. 1941 U. S Census Report Contains 1940 Census results 1940 Census Questions Hosted at CensusFinder.com
City
A city is a large human settlement. Cities have extensive systems for housing, sanitation, land use, communication, their density facilitates interaction between people, government organizations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process. City-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for global sustainability. Present-day cities form the core of larger metropolitan areas and urban areas—creating numerous commuters traveling towards city centers for employment and edification. However, in a world of intensifying globalization, all cities are in different degree connected globally beyond these regions; the most populated city proper is Chongqing while the most populous metropolitan areas are the Greater Tokyo Area, the Shanghai area, Jabodetabek. The cities of Faiyum and Varanasi are among those laying claim to longest continual inhabitation.
A city is distinguished from other human settlements by its great size, but by its functions and its special symbolic status, which may be conferred by a central authority. The term can refer either to the physical streets and buildings of the city or to the collection of people who dwell there, can be used in a general sense to mean urban rather than rural territory. A variety of definitions, invoking population, population density, number of dwellings, economic function, infrastructure, are used in national censuses to classify populations as urban. Common population definitions for a city range between 1,500 and 50,000 people, with most U. S. states using a minimum between 5,000 inhabitants. However, some jurisdictions set no such minimums. In the United Kingdom, city status is awarded by the government and remains permanently, resulting in some small cities, such as Wells and St Davids. According to the "functional definition" a city is not distinguished by size alone, but by the role it plays within a larger political context.
Cities serve as administrative, commercial and cultural hubs for their larger surrounding areas. Examples of settlements called city which may not meet any of the traditional criteria to be named such include Broad Top City and City Dulas, Anglesey, a hamlet; the presence of a literate elite is sometimes included in the definition. A typical city has professional administrators and some form of taxation to support the government workers; the governments may be based on heredity, military power, work projects such as canal building, food distribution, land ownership, commerce, finance, or a combination of these. Societies that live in cities are called civilizations; the word city and the related civilization come, via Old French, from the Latin root civitas meaning citizenship or community member and coming to correspond with urbs, meaning city in a more physical sense. The Roman civitas was linked with the Greek "polis"—another common root appearing in English words such as metropolis. Urban geography deals both with their internal structure.
Town siting has varied through history according to natural, technological and military contexts. Access to water has long been a major factor in city placement and growth, despite exceptions enabled by the advent of rail transport in the nineteenth century, through the present most of the world's urban population lives near the coast or on a river. Urban areas as a rule cannot produce their own food and therefore must develop some relationship with a hinterland which sustains them. Only in special cases such as mining towns which play a vital role in long-distance trade, are cities disconnected from the countryside which feeds them. Thus, centrality within a productive region influences siting, as economic forces would in theory favor the creation of market places in optimal mutually reachable locations; the vast majority of cities have a central area containing buildings with special economic and religious significance. Archaeologists refer to this area by the Greek term temenos; these spaces reflect and amplify the city's centrality and importance to its wider sphere of influence.
Today cities have downtown, sometimes coincident with a central business district. Cities have public spaces where anyone can go; these include owned spaces open to the public as well as forms of public land such as public domain and the commons. Western philosophy since the time of the Greek agora has considered physical public space as the substrate of the symbolic public sphere. Public art adorns public spaces. Parks and other natural sites within cities provide residents with relief from the hardness and regularity of typical built environments. Urban structure follows one or more basic patterns: geomorphic, concentric and curvilinear. Physical environment constrains the form in which a city is built. If located on a mountainside, urban structure may rely on winding roads, it may be adapted to its means of subsistence. And it may be set up for optimal defense given the surrounding landscape. Beyond these "geomorphi
Crittenden County, Arkansas
Crittenden County is a county located in the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 50,902; the county seat is Marion, the largest city is West Memphis. Crittenden County is Arkansas's twelfth county, formed October 22, 1825, named for Robert Crittenden, the first Secretary of the Arkansas Territory. Crittenden County is part of TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county's media comes from Memphis, although some Little Rock TV is imported by Comcast Cable, it lies within Arkansas's 1st congressional district. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 636 square miles, of which 610 square miles is land and 27 square miles is water. Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge As of the 2010 census, there were 50,902 people residing in the county. 51.2% were Black or African American, 46.1% White, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% of some other race and 1.1% of two or more races. 2.0% were Hispanic or Latino. As of the 2000 census, there were 50,866 people, 18,471 households, 13,373 families residing in the county.
The population density was 83 people per square mile. There were 20,507 housing units at an average density of 34 per square mile; the racial makeup of the county was 50.91% White, 47.05% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, 0.64% from two or more races. 1.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 18,471 households out of which 37.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.80% were married couples living together, 21.30% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.60% were non-families. 23.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.00% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.23. In the county, the population was spread out with 31.10% under the age of 18, 9.40% from 18 to 24, 29.10% from 25 to 44, 20.50% from 45 to 64, 9.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years.
For every 100 females there were 91.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.00 males. The median income for a household in the county was $30,109, the median income for a family was $34,982. Males had a median income of $31,299 versus $21,783 for females; the per capita income for the county was $14,424. About 21.00% of families and 25.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.30% of those under age 18 and 23.70% of those age 65 or over. Public education for elementary and secondary school students is available from Earle School District, which leads to graduation from Earle High School; the Old Earle High School is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Is available in West Memphis and Marion. Crittenden County is served by Arkansas State University Mid-South in West Memphis; the college offers bachelor's and master's degree programs in conjunction with Arkansas State University, The University of Arkansas, The University of Central Arkansas, Arkansas Tech University and Franklin University.
Crittenden County was served by 152 Bed Crittenden Regional Hospital in West Memphis until late August 2014. The hospital operated a number of outpatient clinics in Marion and West Memphis and a Pediatric Dental Clinic in cooperation with the UT Dental School. Crittenden Regional Hospital has closed the ER and will permanently close on 7 September 2014; the nearest hospitals are located in Tennessee. The Arkansas Department of Health operates a clinic in West Memphis. A number of private clinics operate in Marion and West Memphis. Crittenden County in the nineteenth century was dominated by black Republicans, who carried the county in most elections from Reconstruction until the “Redeemers” disfranchised all blacks in Arkansas between 1900 and 1960. From 1910 until 1944 it was overwhelmingly Democratic as only whites voted, when faced with a national Civil Rights plank Crittenden was one of three Arkansas counties to vote for Strom Thurmond over Harry S. Truman in 1948. Since the re-enfranchisement of black residents began in the 1950s, Crittenden has been Democratic-voting, despite a large-scale shift of white residents to the GOP, reversing the nineteenth century party alignment.
The last Republican to win the county was George Bush senior in 1988. Crittenden County is served by the West Memphis Municipal Airport, a General Aviation facility with a Control Tower and Instrument Landing capabilities. General DeWitt Spain Airport is a civil aviation airport just north of downtown Memphis; the Memphis International Airport is nearby and provides commercial aviation through numerous carriers and is the international cargo hub for FedEx. Union Pacific operates a 600 Acre intermodal facility west of Arkansas. BNSF Railway operates a yard in Marion. Limited Passenger Rail is available on Amtrak at Memphis Central Station in nearby Memphis; the City of New Orleans runs twice daily on a North-South route from Chicago to New Orleans. Crittenden County and West Memphis jointly operate a port on the Mississippi River; the International Port of Memphis lies just across the Mississippi River via Interstate 55. The International Port of Memphis is the 4th largest inland port in the United States.
Crawfordsville Earle Marion Turrell West Memphis Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States Census does list Arkansas populat
Johnnie Taylor
Johnnie Harrison Taylor was a three-time Grammy-nominated American recording artist and songwriter who performed a wide variety of genres, from blues and blues, gospel to pop, doo-wop, disco. Johnnie Taylor was born in Arkansas, he grew up in West Memphis, performing in gospel groups as a youngster. As an adult, he had one release, "Somewhere to Lay My Head", on Chicago's Chance Records label in the 1950s, as part of the gospel group Highway QCs, founded by a young Sam Cooke. Taylor's singing was strikingly close to that of Cooke, he was hired to take Cooke's place in the latter's gospel group, the Soul Stirrers, in 1957. A few years after Cooke had established his independent SAR Records, Taylor signed on as one of the label's first acts and recorded "Rome Wasn't Built In A Day" in 1962. However, SAR Records became defunct after Cooke's death in 1964. In 1966, Taylor moved to Stax Records in Memphis, where he was dubbed "The Philosopher of Soul", he recorded with the label's house band, which included Booker T. & the M.
G.'s. His hits included "I Had a Dream", "I've Got to Love Somebody's Baby" and most notably "Who's Making Love", which reached No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 1 on the R&B chart in 1968. "Who's Making Love" sold over one million copies, was awarded a gold disc. In 1970, Taylor married Gerlean Rocket and they remained married until his death in 2000. During his tenure at Stax, he became an R&B star, with over a dozen chart successes, such as "Jody's Got Your Girl and Gone", which reached No. 23 on the Hot 100 chart, "Cheaper to Keep Her" and record producer Don Davis's penned "I Believe in You", which reached No. 11 on the Hot 100 chart. "I Believe in You" sold in excess of one million copies, was awarded gold disc status by the R. I. A. A. in October 1973. Taylor, along with Isaac Hayes and The Staple Singers, was one of the label's flagship artists, who were credited for keeping the company afloat in the late 1960s and early 1970s after the death of its biggest star, Otis Redding, in an aviation accident.
He appeared in the documentary film, released in 1973. After Stax folded in 1975, Taylor switched to Columbia Records, where he recorded his biggest success with Don Davis still in charge of production, "Disco Lady", in 1976, it spent four weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and six weeks at the top of the R&B chart. It peaked at No. 25 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1976. "Disco Lady" was the first certified platinum single by the RIAA. Taylor recorded several more successful albums and R&B single hits with Davis on Columbia, before Brad Shapiro took over production duties, but sales fell away. After a short stay at a small independent label in Los Angeles, Beverly Glen Records, Taylor signed with Malaco Records after the company's founder Tommy Couch and producing partner Wolf Stephenson heard him sing at blues singer Z. Z. Hill's funeral in spring 1984. Backed by members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, as well as in-house veterans such as former Stax keyboardist Carson Whitsett and guitarist/bandleader Bernard Jenkins, Malaco gave Taylor the type of recording freedom that Stax had given him in the late 1960s and early 1970s, enabling him to record ten albums for the label in his 16-year stint.
In 1996, Taylor's eighth album for Malaco, Good Love!, reached number one on the Billboard Top Blues Albums chart, was the biggest record in Malaco's history. With this success, Malaco recorded a live video of Taylor at the Longhorn Ballroom in Dallas, Texas, in the summer of 1997; the club portion of the Good Love video was recorded at 1001 Nightclub in Mississippi. Taylor's final song was "Soul Heaven", in which he dreamed of being at a concert featuring deceased African-American music icons from Louis Armstrong to Otis Redding to Z. Z. Hill to The Notorious B. I. G. among others. In the 1980s, Johnnie Taylor was a DJ on KKDA, a radio station in the Dallas area, where he had made his home; the station's format was R&B and Soul oldies and their on-the-air personalities were local R&B, Soul and jazz musicians. Taylor was billed as "The Wailer, Johnnie Taylor". Taylor died of a heart attack at Charlton Methodist Hospital in Dallas, Texas, on May 31, 2000, aged 66. Stax billed Johnnie Taylor as "The Philosopher of Soul".
He was known as "the Blues Wailer". He was buried beside Ida Mae Taylor, at Forrest Hill Cemetery in Kansas City, Missouri, his complex personal life was revealed after his death. Having six accepted children and three others with confirmed paternity born to three different mothers, the difficulties associated with executing his will were presented in the TV programme, The Will: Family Secrets Revealed: The Estate of Johnnie Taylor.. Taylor was given a Pioneer Award by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1999. Taylor was a three-time Grammy Award nominee. Taylor has been nominated for three career Grammy Awards without a win. In 2004, the UK's Shapeshifters sampled Taylor's 1982 "What About My Love?", for their No. 1 hit single, "Lola's Theme". Wanted: One Soul Singer - Stax 715 Who's Making Love... - Stax 2005 Raw Blues - Stax 2008 Rare Stamps - Stax 2012 The Johnnie Taylor Philosophy Continues - Stax 2023 One Step Beyond - Stax 2030 Taylored in Silk - Stax 3014 Super Taylor - Stax 5509 Eargasm - Columbia 33951 Rated Extraordinaire - Columbia 34401 Reflections - RCA APL1-2527 Disco 9000 - Columbia 35004 Ever Ready - Columbia 35340 Sh
2010 United States Census
The 2010 United States Census is the twenty-third and most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2010; the census was taken via mail-in citizen self-reporting, with enumerators serving to spot-check randomly selected neighborhoods and communities. As part of a drive to increase the count's accuracy, 635,000 temporary enumerators were hired; the population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, a 9.7% increase from the 2000 Census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over half a million, as well as the first in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 200,000; as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed. Participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25, 2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, a resident of Noorvik, Alaska.
More than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15, 2010; the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was 134 million on April 1, 2010. Although the questionnaire used April 1, 2010 as the reference date as to where a person was living, an insert dated March 15, 2010 included the following printed in bold type: "Please complete and mail back the enclosed census form today." The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%. From April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called "non-response follow-up". In December 2010, the U. S. Census Bureau delivered population information to the U. S. President for apportionment, in March 2011, complete redistricting data was delivered to states. Identifiable information will be available in 2082; the Census Bureau did not use a long form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, which asked for detailed social and economic information.
The 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions: How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1, 2010? Were there any additional people staying here on April 1, 2010 that you did not include in Question 1? Mark all that apply: Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number? What is Person 1's name? What is Person 1's sex? What is Person 1's age and Person 1's date of birth? Is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin? What is Person 1's race? Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else? The form included space to repeat all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, nor was the form available for download. Detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey; the survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years.
A small percentage of the population on a rotating basis will receive the survey each year, no household will receive it more than once every five years. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced. However, the final form did not contain a separate "same-sex married couple" option; when noting the relationship between household members, same-sex couples who are married could mark their spouses as being "Husband or wife", the same response given by opposite-sex married couples. An "unmarried partner" option was available for couples; the 2010 census cost $13 billion $42 per capita. Operational costs were $5.4 billion under the $7 billion budget. In December 2010 the Government Accountability Office noted that the cost of conducting the census has doubled each decade since 1970. In a detailed 2004 report to Congress, the GAO called on the Census Bureau to address cost and design issues, at that time, had estimated the 2010 Census cost to be $11 billion. In August 2010, Commerce Secretary Gary Locke announced that the census operational costs came in under budget.
Locke credited the management practices of Census Bureau director Robert Groves, citing in particular the decision to buy additional advertising in locations where responses lagged, which improved the overall response rate. The agency has begun to rely more on questioning neighbors or other reliable third parties when a person could not be reached at home, which reduced the cost of follow-up visits. Census data for about 22% of U. S. househol
1930 United States Census
The Fifteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 Census. The 1930 Census collected the following information: address name relationship to head of family home owned or rented if owned, value of home if rented, monthly rent whether owned a radio set whether on a farm sex race age marital status and, if married, age at first marriage school attendance literacy birthplace of person, their parents if foreign born: language spoken at home before coming to the U. S. year of immigration whether naturalized ability to speak English occupation and class of worker whether at work previous day veteran status if Indian: whether of full or mixed blood tribal affiliationFull documentation for the 1930 census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.
The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in 1949. The microfilmed census is located on 2,667 rolls of microfilm, available from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations host images of the microfilmed census online, digital indices. Microdata from the 1930 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. 1930 Census Questions Hosted at CensusFinder.com 1931 U. S Census Report Contains 1930 Census results Historic US Census data 1930Census.com: 1930 United States Census for Genealogy & Family History Research 1930 Interactive US Census Find stories and more attached to names on the 1930 US census
