1.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
2.
Hudson County, New Jersey
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Hudson County, a county in the U. S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609. Hudson County is the fourth-most populous county in the state, there are 12 municipalities in Hudson County, listed with area in square miles and 2010 Census data for population and housing. North Hudson and West Hudson each comprise municipalities in their distinct areas, according to the 2010 Census, the county had a total area of 62.31 square miles, including 46.19 square miles of land and 16.12 square miles of water. Based on land area, it is the smallest of New Jerseys 21 counties, less than half the size of the next smallest, Hudson is located in the heart of New York metropolitan area in northeastern New Jersey. The topography is marked by the New Jersey Palisades in the north with cliffs overlooking the Hudson to the east and less severe cuesta, or slope and they gradually level off to the southern peninsula, which is coastal and flat. The western region, around the Hackensack and Passaic is part of the New Jersey Meadowlands, much of the land along the countys extensive shoreline and littoral zone was created by land reclamation. The highest point, at 260 feet above sea level, is in West New York, North Bergen is the city with the second most hills per square mile in the United States behind San Francisco. Ellis Island and Liberty Island, opposite Liberty State Park, lie entirely within Hudson Countys waters, Liberty Island is wholly part of New York. Largely created through land reclamation, Ellis Island covers a area of 27.5 acres, with the 2. 74-acre natural island. Shooters Island, in the Kill van Kull, is shared with New York. Robbins Reef Light sits atop a reef which runs parallel the Bayonne and these boundaries and the topography-including many hills and inlets-create very distinct neighborhoods. Kennedy Boulevard runs the length of the peninsula. Numerous cuts for rail and vehicular traffic cross Bergen Hill, given its proximity to Manhattan, it is sometimes referred to as New York Citys sixth borough. At the time of European contact in the 17th century, Hudson County was the territory of the Lenape, namely the bands known as the Hackensack, the Tappan, the Raritan, and the Manhattan. They were a seasonally migrational people who practiced small-scale agriculture augmented by hunting and gathering which likely, given the topography of the area and these groups had early and frequent trading contact with Europeans. The west bank of the North River and the cliffs, hills, in 1630, Michael Pauw received a land patent, or patroonship and purchased the land between the Hudson and Hackensack Rivers, giving it the Latin-ized form of his name, Pavonia. He failed to settle the area and was forced to return his holdings to the Dutch West India Company, homesteads were established at Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook and Hoebuck. A series of raids and reprisals across the province lasted two years, and ended in an uneasy truce, other homesteads were established at Constable Hook, Awiehaken, and other lands at Achter Col on Bergen Neck
3.
Jersey City, New Jersey
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Jersey City is the second-most-populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey after Newark. It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the countys largest city. 7% from the 2010 United States Census, when the citys population was at 247,597, ranking the city the 75th-largest in the nation. Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is bounded on the east by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and on the west by the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. After a peak population of 316,715 measured in the 1930 Census, the land comprising what is now Jersey City was inhabited by the Lenape, a collection of tribes. After spending nine days surveying the area and meeting its inhabitants, by 1621, the Dutch West India Company was organized to manage this new territory and in June 1623, New Netherland became a Dutch province, with headquarters in New Amsterdam. Michael Reyniersz Pauw received a grant as patroon on the condition that he would establish a settlement of not fewer than fifty persons within four years. He chose the west bank of the North River and purchased the land from the Lenape and this grant is dated November 22,1630 and is the earliest known conveyance for what are now Hoboken and Jersey City. Pauw, however, was a landlord who neglected to populate the area and was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633. That year, a house was built at Communipaw for Jan Evertsen Bout, superintendent of the colony, during Kiefts War, approximately eighty Lenapes were killed by the Dutch in a massacre at Pavonia on the night of February 25,1643. Scattered communities of farmsteads characterized the Dutch settlements at Pavonia, Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook, Hoebuck, Awiehaken, and other lands behind Kil van Kull. The first village established on what is now Bergen Square in 1660, among the oldest surviving houses in Jersey City are the Newkirk House, the Van Vorst Farmhouse, and the Van Wagenen House. During the American Revolutionary War, the area was in the hands of the British who controlled New York, in the Battle of Paulus Hook Major Light Horse Harry Lee attacked a British fortification on August 19,1779. During the 19th century, former slaves reached Jersey City on one of the four routes of the Underground Railroad that led to the city. The City of Jersey was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28,1820, from portions of Bergen Township, while the area was still a part of Bergen County. The city was reincorporated on January 23,1829, and again on February 22,1838, on February 22,1840, it became part of the newly created Hudson County. Soon after the Civil War, the idea arose of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County east of the Hackensack River into one municipality. A bill was approved by the legislature on April 2,1869. An element of the bill provide that only contiguous towns could be consolidated, while a majority of the voters across the county approved the merger, the only municipalities that had approved the consolidation plan and that adjoined Jersey City were Hudson City and Bergen City
4.
New Jersey Meadowlands
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The area was forested with Atlantic White Cedar before the early Dutch settlers cleared the cedar forests and used dikes to drain the land. The Dutch farmers used the drained tidal lands to create meadows of salt hay, in more recent times the Meadowlands became known for being the site of large landfills and decades of environmental abuse. Before European settlement, the area consisted of diverse ecosystems based on freshwater, brackish water. Large areas were covered by forests, considered by residents of the area through the centuries as wastelands, the Meadowlands were systematically subject to various kinds of human intervention. The four major categories are, Extraction of natural resources, farmers also harvested salt hay for feed. Over time, the forest resources were depleted, dike systems broke down, farming ceased. In addition to landfill from garbage, landmass generated from dredging was used to create new land. Some material came from building the World Trade Center, pollution by sewage, refuse, and hazardous waste. Various types of waste have been dumped legally and illegally in the Meadowlands, during World War II, military refuse was dumped in the Meadowlands, including rubble from London created by the Blitz and used as ballast in returning ships. After the war, the Meadowlands continued to be used for waste disposal. The Meadowlands Sports Complex, with stadia and a racetrack, is also in the Meadowlands, the location of the New Jersey Meadowlands near the New York metropolitan area and its outgrowth into New Jersey makes conservation of the vast wetland a difficult proposition. Even under grave circumstances, the Meadowlands contain many species of fish, crustaceans. Money from the United States Congress has been allocated to protect and preserve the Meadowlands and establish organizations to research the unique animals, the ecosystem is a fragile environment that waterfowl and other species of animals need. Richard W. DeKorte Park in the Meadowlands is known for bird watching, a Meadowlands photo essay Brooks, John, The Meadows-I, The New Yorker, retrieved 2011-01-25 Brooks, John, The Meadows-II, The New Yorker, retrieved 2011-01-25
5.
Secaucus, New Jersey
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Secaucus is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Secaucus is a derivation of the Algonquian words for black and snake, or place of snakes, or sekakes, sikakes, once an island, was part of the territory purchased by Director-General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant in 1658. Settlement had begun by at least 1733 by the Smith family, Secaucus was originally formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 12,1900, from portions of North Bergen. On June 7,1917, Secaucus was incorporated as a town, replacing Secaucus borough, Secaucus was originally an agricultural community specializing in flowers. It later became known for its pig farms in the first half of the 20th century, in the early 1900s the town was home to approximately 55 pig farms, which housed nearly 250,000 pigs, which outnumbered humans 16 to 1. These farms served the demands of Newark and New York. Many of them were politicians, most notably pork peddler Henry B. Krajewski, who ran for New Jersey senator, three times for governor and twice for U. S. President, the towns pig farms, rendering plants, and junk yards gave the town a reputation for being one of the most odorous in the New York metropolitan area. In the 1950s the pig began to dwindle, partially due to construction on the New Jersey Turnpike. In 1963, debris from the demolition of Pennsylvania Station was dumped in the Secaucus Meadowlands, in later decades Secaucus became more of a commuter town. In a non-binding referendum in 1969, 90% of voters in Secaucus chose to leave Hudson County and join Bergen County, however, only the state has the authority to change county lines, so it never came to fruition. Today it remains the most suburban town in Hudson County, New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Secaucus as its 182nd best place to live in its 2010 rankings of the Best Places To Live in New Jersey, after ranking the borough 11th in its 2008 rankings. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had an area of 6.599 square miles. At the southern end of Secaucus is Snake Hill, an igneous rock intrusion jutting up some 150 feet from the Meadowlands below. Being partly surrounded by the Hackensack Meadowlands, Secaucus provides opportunities to observe the recovery of natural marshes in the towns post industrial, the Hackensack River and its tributary Mill Creek create the other borders for the district. The North End is one of the older, traditional residential neighborhoods of Secaucus which itself has been transformed to a town and retail. It is home to Secaucus High School, whose fields are used by the Bergen County Scholastic League. Nearby Schmiddts Wood is one of the last original hardwood forests in urban North Jersey, as part of the New Jersey Meadowlands District, the areas along the river are characterized by wetlands preservation and restoration areas
6.
Marion Section
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Marion is a section of Jersey City in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. West of Journal Square and north of Holy Name Cemetery on the West Side, Marion is mostly a low-rise residential district that is home to several new housing developments, light manufacturing, restaurants, LaPointe Park and the Marion Branch Public Library. The Marion Section was laid out in the 1870s and was developed in the early 20th century, the name came from old Marion Hotel or the founders of a watch company located near city line. Despite the fact that tracks run through the district there is no station, former mayor, Jerramiah Healy had requested that Marion be given a stop on the PATH train at Broadway and West Side Avenue, supplanting the nearest station at Journal Square. Officials feel a station would help to bolster development in the neighborhood, Public School #23 operates on Romaine Ave. The area near the foot of on Newark Avenue is site of Marion Junction, the area is surrounded by manufacturing and warehouse buildings a few of which have received New Jersey Register of Historic Places designation. Some have been converted to residences or other uses, notably that of the American Can Company, the 1,000,000 square foot building is also home to dance companies of Shen Wei and Karole Armitage. The Marion Greenway Park has received funding and eventually connect to the Hackensack RiverWalk with a 1,300 linear foot extension to Lincoln Park. The reclaimed brownfield will be transformed to a 32-acre waterfront park including two soccer fields, an area, a lawn/fairgrounds, and a mile long jogging/walking path. Portions were once part of the PJP Landfill, Jersey Journal, May 15,2006 Marion Gardens Covert/Larch Historic District
7.
Norfolk Southern Railway
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The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I railroad in the United States. NS is responsible for maintaining 29,000 miles, with the remainder being operated under trackage rights from other parties responsible for maintenance, the common commodity hauled on the railroad is coal from mines in Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The railroad also offers the largest intermodal network in eastern North America, NS is a major transporter of domestic and export coal. In Pennsylvania, NS also receives coal through interchange with R. J, corman Railroad/Pennsylvania Lines at Cresson, Pennsylvania, originating in the Clearfield Cluster. Coal transported by NS is thus exported to steel mills and power plants around the world, the company is also a major transporter of auto parts and completed vehicles. It operates intermodal container and TOFC trains, some in conjunction with other railroads, NS was the first railway to employ roadrailers, which are highway truck trailers with interchangeable wheel sets. The Norfolk Southern Railways parent Norfolk Southern Corporation is a Norfolk, Norfolk Southern Corporation was incorporated on July 23,1980 in the Commonwealth of Virginia and is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols NSC. As of October 1,2014 Norfolk Southern Corporations total public stock value was slightly over $34.5 billion, the system began in 1982 with the creation of the Norfolk Southern Corporation, a holding company for the Southern Railway and Norfolk & Western Railway. The new company was given the name of the Norfolk Southern Railway, a line, acquired by SOU in 1974, that served primarily North Carolina. Headquarters for the new NS were established in Norfolk, Virginia, the company suffered a slight embarrassment when the marble headpiece at the buildings entrance was unveiled, which read Norfolk Southern Railway. A new headpiece replaced the erroneous one several weeks later, NS aimed to compete in the eastern United States with CSX Transportation, formed after the Interstate Commerce Commissions 1980 approval of the merger of the Chessie System and the Seaboard System. Norfolk Southerns predecessor railroads date to the early 19th century, the SRs earliest predecessor line was the South Carolina Canal & Rail Road. Chartered in 1827, the South Carolina Canal & Rail Road Company became the first to regularly scheduled passenger train service with the inaugural run of the Best Friend of Charleston in 1830. Another early predecessor, the Richmond & Danville Railroad, was formed in 1847, the R&D ultimately fell on hard times and in 1894, it became a major portion of the new Southern Railway. Financier J. P. Morgan selected veteran railroader Samuel Spencer as president, profitable and innovative, Southern became in 1953 the first major U. S. railroad to completely switch to diesel-electric locomotives from steam. It was acquired by the South Side Railroad in 1854, in the second half of the 20th century, the N&W acquired the Virginian Railway, the Wabash Railway, and the Nickel Plate Road, among others. In 1990, the two merged and formed Norfolk Southern Railway. The system grew with the acquisition of half of Conrail
8.
NJ Transit
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NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in New Jersey, with numerous private operators receiving equipment from NJT for route service within the state not controlled by NJT. NJT was founded on July 17,1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation and it came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation service in the public interest. NJT originally acquired and managed a number of bus services, one of the largest being those operated by the states largest electric company. It gradually acquired most of the bus services. In northern New Jersey, many of the bus routes are arranged in a web, in southern New Jersey, most routes are arranged in a spoke-and-hub fashion, with routes emanating from Trenton, Camden, and Atlantic City. Since inception, rail ridership has quadrupled, in the 1990s the rail system expanded, with new Midtown Direct service to New York City and new equipment. On October 21,2001, it opened a new station at Newark Liberty International Airport, on October 31,2005, NJT took over Clocker service from Amtrak. Four new trains were added to the schedule, but cut back to Trenton, during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the rail operations center of NJ Transit was flooded by 8 feet of water and an emergency generator submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars, the Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board, for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc. for commuter rail. NJT operates 871 bus routes using 2,477 buses and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles, the bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,477. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT, Newark Light Rail – two segments serving Newark and the surrounding area. The Newark City Subway has 12 stops, is 4.3 miles long, connecting Newark Penn Station to North Newark, the Broad Street Extension has five stops, is 1.0 mile long, and connects Newark Penn Station to Newark Broad Street Station. The fleet consists of 21 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned and operated by the Central Division of NJT Bus Operations. River Line – a 21-stop 34 miles line from Trenton to Camden along the Delaware River, mostly along the Bordentown Secondary line formerly owned by Conrail, the fleet consists of 20 Stadler GTW diesel light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by Bombardier Transportation. NJT operates over 100 diesel locomotives, of which 11 are supplied by Metro-North Railroad as part of an agreement for the Port Jervis Line. It has over 650 push-pull cars, of which 65 are supplied by Metro-North, the New Jersey Transit Police Department is the transit police force for NJT. It is a police agency with statewide jurisdiction with the primary focus on policing the numerous bus depots, rail
9.
The Heights, Jersey City
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The Heights or Jersey City Heights is a district in the north end of Jersey City, New Jersey atop the New Jersey Palisades overlooking Hoboken to the east and Croxton in the Meadowlands to the west. Its postal area ZIP code is 07307, the Heights mostly contains two- and three-family houses and low-rise apartment buildings, and is similar to North Hudson architectural style and neighborhood character. Central Avenue is its primary commercial thoroughfare, with residential neighborhoods on both sides. Pershing Field is a park in the center of the district, offering green space, baseball fields, the adjacent Jersey City Reservoir No.3 has been preserved as a state designated wetland and park. The Schurman House, the Odgen-Conrad House, and the Van Vorst Farmhouse, are located in the vicinity, pohlmanns Hall at 154 Ogden Avenue received its federal historical designation in September 1985. Christ Hospital is south on Palisade Avenue, western Slope descending a cuesta from Kennedy Boulevard the overlooks Croxton in the Meadowlands. At the corner of Manhattan Avenue, in the Dr. Leonard J. Gordon Park is larger than life 1907 sculpture Buffalo, an elevator at Congress Street and Paterson Plank Road descends to the 9th Street-Congress Street station of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail. Mountain Ave and New York Ave are the two streets that travel along the face of the cliffs. New Jersey Transit bus routes 82,83,84,85,86,87 and 88, New Jersey Transit 119 Bayonne to PABT via Journal Square and Central Avenue also serves the area. The Heights was part of the colony of Pavonia, New Netherland, a Van Vorst House built in 1742 by the family is considered to be the oldest building in Hudson County. The area comprising most of the Heights was once an independent municipality and it was incorporated as a town in 1852, and later into a city in 1855. The Town Hall, erected on Oakland Avenue, still stands today, Garrett D. Van Reipen was that citys first mayor. Hudson City, along with the Town of Bergen and the Township of Greenville, hudsons mayor Garrett D. Van Reipen became the first President of the small bank, which was located on Newark Avenue. By the end of the 19th Century, Hudson City Savings Bank had accumulated assets and deposits of over US$1 million. In the 1920s, the bank opened its second branch, and moved from Newark Avenue to 587 Summit Avenue in Jersey City. Americas first motion picture industry can trace its roots to the Hudson River towns of New Jersey and it also established the Eclectic Film Company as a subsidiary distribution company for both its American and European product. The Heights Section of Jersey City Central Avenue Special Improvement District Congregation Mount Sinai Walking Tour of Riverview Neighborhood Spotlight, The Heights
10.
New Jersey Turnpike
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The New Jersey Turnpike, colloquially known to New Jerseyans as the Turnpike, is a toll road in New Jersey, maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, the Turnpike is the nations sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States and its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, Bergen County. The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to localities in New Jersey, as well as Delaware, Pennsylvania. The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14, with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars, and with the outer lanes for cars, trucks and buses. The northern part of the turnpike, along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs, is part of the Interstate Highway System. South of exit 6, it has the unsigned Route 700 designation, construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months, from 1950 to 1952. It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951, between its terminus and exit 10. The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpikes design guidelines, to some degree, the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture, having been referenced in music, film and television. The main road of the New Jersey Turnpike splits from I-295 in Carneys Point Township and runs a north-northeast route to Ridgefield Park and it is designated Route 700, an unsigned route, from exit 1 to exit 6, and as I-95 from exit 6 to exit 18. The number of ranges from 4 lanes south of exit 4,6 lanes between exit 4 and exit 6,12 lanes between exit 6 and exit 11, and 14 lanes between exit 11 and exit 14. None of these state highway designations have ever been signed, specifically, starting in Mansfield Township, the Turnpike has a total of 12 lanes,6 in each direction. From Woodbridge Township to Newark, High-occupancy vehicle lanes exist on the outer roadway, thereby making it 7 lanes in each direction. The HOV lanes are in effect on weekdays, from 6,00 a. m. –9,00 a. m. northbound, north of exit 14, the Turnpike splits into two spurs, the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur. Both spurs are signed as I-95, the Western Spur is posted for through traffic on I-95 seeking Interstate 280, the Meadowlands Sports Complex, and the George Washington Bridge. Traffic seeking U. S. Route 46, Interstate 80, the New Jersey Department of Transportation, which calls every class of highway Route, calls the Western Spur Route 95W. It connects Newark with Lower Manhattan via the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City and this extension contains three exits and due to its design, it has a 50 mph speed limit. A 6-mile long six-lane highway, it not only connects the Pennsylvania Turnpike with the mainline and it was formerly designated as Route 700P, but is currently designated I-95 in anticipation of the completion of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project in 2018. A 4-mile stretch of I-95 north of U. S.46 came under Turnpike Authority jurisdiction in 1992 and this section of the road travels past the interchange for I-80 and through a cut in the Hudson Palisades at GWB Plaza
11.
Lorillard Tobacco Company
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Lorillard Tobacco Company was an American tobacco company marketing cigarettes under the brand names Newport, Maverick, Old Gold, Kent, True, Satin, and Max. The company is named for Pierre Abraham Lorillard, who founded the company in 1760, in 1899, the American Tobacco Company organized a New Jersey corporation, called the Continental Tobacco Company, that took a controlling interest in many small tobacco companies. By 1910, James Buchanan Duke controlled Lorillard and the American Tobacco Company even as it kept its original name, in 1925, Lorillard experienced great transition as Benjamin Lloyd Belt became president. Having been with the company since 1911, Belt made some decisions that made the company profitable, the Whiteman Hour had its first broadcast on February 5,1929 and continued until May 6,1930. When the Whiteman band went to Hollywood in mid-1929 to make the film King of Jazz, Old Gold leased a special eight coach train to take Whiteman, the train stopped at sixteen cities across the nation. Old Gold later sponsored Artie Shaws Tuesday night Melody and Madness program on CBS Radio from November 20,1938 until November 14,1939, Belt was still president when he died in 1937. Lorillard Tobacco Co. opened a new plant on East Market St. in Greensboro, NC in 1956, moving cigarette manufacturing from Jersey City, New Jersey and Richmond. Loews Corporation purchased Lorillard in 1968, testifying under oath before Congress in 1994, Lorillards CEO Andrew Tisch said that he didnt believe that nicotine is addictive nor that cigarette smoking causes cancer. In 1997, the headquarters moved to Greensboro from New York City. The firm also manufactured cigarettes in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1997, Lorillard was one of four entities to initiate negotiations leading to the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement between Big Tobacco and 46 U. S. states. Loews created the Carolina Group as a company for its tobacco assets in 2002. Carolina was controlled by Loews until May 10,2006, when Loews Corporation sold 15 million shares of Carolina Group, the sale is valued at approximately $740 million. In 2006, Lorillard was convicted of racketeering under RICO, along with Philip Morris, the Supreme Court has upheld the verdict, in which Judge Kessler wrote, hat this case is really about. In 2008, Lorillard Tobacco was entered into an agreement with its parent company Loews. In December 2010, a Boston jury returned a $151 million verdict against Lorillard Tobacco Company for giving out samples of cigarettes to children in urban housing projects in the 1950s. The plaintiff, Marie Evans, was nine when she first received these samples and she died of lung cancer before trial. The electronic cigarette company had about $30 million in revenue in 2010, with blu eCigs sold in more than 13,000 retail outlets, including Walgreens, in 2014, after negotiations with PETA, Lorillard announced it would no longer test its products on animals. In a statement, the said they will use scientifically accepted or validated alternative test methods
12.
Journal Square
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The square itself is at the intersection of Kennedy Boulevard and Bergen Avenues. The broader area extends to and includes Bergen Square, McGinley Square, India Square, many local, state, and federal agencies serving Hudson County maintain offices in the district. The Newkirk House and Van Wagenen House remain, while the still-intact Sip Manor was moved to Westfield, the newspaper built new headquarters and the new square was named in its honor. The bridge carrying the boulevard was designed by consulting engineer Abraham Burton Cohen, karen Angel of The New York Daily News described Journal Square from the 1920s to the 1960s as crown jewel, a glowing commercial, entertainment and transportation hub of the city. The Jersey Bounce, a hit song in the 1940s mentions Journal Square in its lyrics as the place where it got started, two days before Election Day in 1960 John F. Kennedy made his last campaign speech before returning to New England at Journal Square. Hudson Boulevard was named Kennedy Boulevard soon after his assassination, the Tube Bar, so-called for the Hudson Tubes was made famous by Louis Red Deutsch getting prank calls there. The Journal Square Transportation Center, opened between 1973-1975, includes the Journal Square PATH and bus station, and is headquarters of the Port Authority Trans-Hudson. It is attributed to have contributed to the decline of the district by moving the train-bus interchange, in front of the station is a statue of Jackie Robinson who in 1946 crossed the baseball color line at Roosevelt Stadium. A statue of Christopher Columbus, the work of Jersey City native Archimedes Giacomontonio, has located on the square since 1950. The Stanley and the Loews have both been restored, the first now an Assembly Hall of Jehovahs Witnesses, the used as a moviehouse. The campus of Hudson County Community College is a collection of buildings throughout the district around the square, a few blocks to the south near McGinley Square, are Saint Peters University, Hudson Catholic Regional High School, and the Jersey City Armory. A concentration of shops operated two of the ethnic groups, Overseas Filipino and Indian American, can be found along Newark Avenue. Northeast of Journal Square is Five Corners, the county seat of Hudson County, the Five Corners Branch of the Jersey City Public Library is sited on the intersection itself, while William L. Dickinson High School is located nearby at 2 Palisade Avenue. Many of the buildings in Journal Square include housing stock, convenience stores, bodegas, and downscale franchises, a proposed development by Kushner Real Estate Group and National Real Estate Advisors, Journal Squared, is planned as a 2,300,000 square foot 3-tower residential complex. The first phase, a 53-story tower, opened in early 2017 and it sits directly adjacent to the Journal Squared PATH station as a continuation of the dense transit-oriented development that has arisen further to the east in Jersey City. The towers were designed by Hollwich Kushner and Handel Architects, as of 2008 there were proposals to build a complex called 1 Journal Square which would combine rental housing, multi-story retail, and parking. Plans for the mixed-use development call for 68-story and 50-story residential towers above a 7-story retail, while the site has been cleared, construction has not begun. A further extension to 2013 requested by MEPTA was not granted by the Jersey City Redevelopment Agency, Jersey City is one of nine municipalities in New Jersey designated as eligible for Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits by the states Economic Development Authority
