Cumans
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The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsy in Rus', Cumans in Western and Kipchaks in Eastern sources.
Asia, circa 1200
The field of Igor Svyatoslavich's battle with the Cuman–Kipchaks, by Viktor Vasnetsov
After the Battle of Kerlés in 1068, Saint Ladislaus is fighting a duel with a cuman warrior who kidnapped a girl. (Chronicon Pictum, 1358)
Fresco detail in the Székelyderzs church: Saint Ladislaus is fighting a duel with a cuman warrior.
Golden Horde
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The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of the Mongol Empire after 1259, it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or as the Ulus of Jochi, and it replaced the earlier, less organized Cuman–Kipchak confederation.
Batu Khan establishes the Golden Horde.
Jochi Mausoleum, Karagandy Region
Coinage of Berke, Qrim (Crimea) mint. Struck c. AH 662–665 (AD 1263–1267).
The Golden Horde army defeats the Ilkhanate at the battle of Terek in 1262. Many of Hulagu's men drowned in the Terek River while withdrawing.