Cybernetics
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Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal processes such as feedback and recursion, where the outcomes of actions return as inputs for subsequent actions. It is concerned with gene
Principle diagram of a cybernetic system with a feedback loop
Norbert Wiener
Stafford Beer
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Anthony Stafford Beer was a British cyberneticist, management theorist and consultant, operational researcher and professor at Manchester Business School. He is known for his work in the fields of ope
Cybernetics
…was a major incubator of this trend in cybernetics research. Focuses of the second wave of cybernetics included management cybernetics, such as Stafford Beer's biologically inspired viable system model; work in family therapy, drawing on Bateson; social systems, such as in the work of Niklas Luhmann…
Leon Trotsky's critique of the Soviet Union influenced Beer’s shifting political views and the design of the Cybersyn model.
Falcondale House
Cybersyn operations room, 1972