1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
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Beverly Hills, California
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Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
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Roots (1977 miniseries)
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Roots is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haleys 1976 novel, Roots, The Saga of an American Family, the series first aired on ABC-TV in January 1977. Roots received 37 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won nine and it also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award. S. It was produced on a budget of $6.6 million, the series introduced LeVar Burton in the role of Kunta Kinte. A sequel, Roots, The Next Generations, first aired in 1979, and a sequel, Roots, The Gift. A related film, Alex Haleys Queen, is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley, in 2016, a remake of the original miniseries, with the same name, was commissioned by the History Channel and screened by the channel on Memorial Day. In The Gambia, West Africa, in 1750, Kunta Kinte is born to Omoro Kinte, a Mandinka warrior, while trying to carry out a task to catch a bird and take it home unharmed, Kunta sees white men carrying firearms, along with their black collaborators. Later, while fetching wood outside his village to make a drum for his younger brother and he is then sold to a slave trader and placed aboard a ship under the command of Capt. Thomas Davies for a three-month journey to Colonial America. During the voyage a group of rebels among the human cargo try but fail to stage a mutiny, the ship eventually arrives in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1767, where the captured Africans are sold at auction as slaves. John Reynolds, an owner from Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg, buys Kunta. Reynolds assigns an older slave, Fiddler, to teach Kunta to speak English, Kunta, in a persistent struggle to become free again, makes several unsuccessful attempts to escape. Further, to preserve his Mandinka heritage and maintain his Mandinka roots, he not to change his name. An overseer, Ames, gathers the slaves and directs one of them to whip Kunta after his latest attempt to escape, for events that occur in 1775, between the above period and the post-Revolutionary War, where the next section begins, see Roots, The Gift. In 1776 the adult Kunta Kinte experiences serving as a slave and feels haunted by his Mandinka roots. Kunta tries again to escape, but a pair of slave-catchers seize him, bind him, Kunta meets Bell, the cook for Williams family. Bell successfully treats both Kuntas mangled foot and his wounded spirit, by 1780 he eventually submits to the harsh life, and he marries Bell in a ceremony, which includes jumping across a broom. Bell bears a daughter, to whom Kunta gives the name Kizzy, Fiddler continues to mentor and befriend Kunta, and Fiddler eventually dies at an old age in 1790. An adulterous relationship between Dr. William Reynolds and John Reynoldss wife produces a daughter, Anne, whom John apparently believes to be his own offspring. Missy Anne and Kizzy, about two younger than Anne, become playmates and best friends within the social limits of the plantation culture
5.
The Thorn Birds
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The Thorn Birds is a 1977 best-selling novel by the Australian author Colleen McCullough. Set primarily on Drogheda—a fictional sheep station in the Australian Outback named after Drogheda, Ireland—the story focuses on the Cleary family and spans the years 1915 to 1969. In 1983, the novel was adapted into a miniseries that, during its run 27–30 March. The miniseries starred Richard Chamberlain, Rachel Ward, Barbara Stanwyck, Christopher Plummer, Richard Kiley, Bryan Brown, Mare Winningham, Philip Anglim and it was directed by Daryl Duke and produced by television veteran David L. Wolper. Although Meggie is a child with curly red-gold hair, she receives little coddling. Of these brothers, her favourite is the eldest, Frank and he is much shorter than his brothers, but very strong, also, unlike the other Clearys, he has black hair and eyes. Paddy is poor, but has a sister, Mary Carson. One day, Paddy receives a letter from Mary offering him a job on her estate, Ralph has befriended Mary, hoping a hefty enough bequest from her to the Catholic Church might liberate him from his exile. Ralph is strikingly handsome, a man, Mary, who does not bother to conceal her desire for him. Ralph blandly shrugs off these attentions and continues his visits, meanwhile, he cares for all the Clearys and soon learns to cherish beautiful but forlorn little Meggie. Meggie, in return, makes Ralph the centre of her life, franks relationship with his father, Paddy, has never been peaceful. The two vie for Fees attention, and Frank resents the many pregnancies Paddy makes her endure. One day, after Fee, now in her forties, reveals she is again pregnant, long ago, Fee had been the adored only daughter of a prominent citizen. Then she had an affair with a politician, and the result. Because he resembles her lost love, Fee has always loved Frank more than her other children, to the sorrow of Meggie and Fee, when Frank learns that Paddy is only his stepfather, he runs away to become a prizefighter. Fee later gives birth to twin boys, James and Patrick, shortly afterward, Meggies beloved little brother, Hal, dies. With Frank gone and Hal dead, Meggie clings to Ralph more than ever, although her will of record leaves the bulk of her estate to Paddy, she quietly writes a new one, making the Roman Catholic Church the main beneficiary and Ralph the executor. In the new will, the magnitude of Marys wealth is finally revealed
6.
North and South (miniseries)
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North and South is the title of three American television miniseries broadcast on the ABC network in 1985,1986, and 1994. Set before, during, and immediately after the American Civil War, the 1985 first installment, North and South, remains the seventh-highest rated miniseries in TV history. North and South, Book II was met with success, while 1994s Heaven and Hell. All of these actors returned for the 1986 sequel, joined by Parker Stevenson as Billy Hazard, Georges brother, John Jakes wife Rachel also made an appearance in Episode 6 as Lincolns wife Mary. 1994s Heaven and Hell featured Peter OToole as louche actor Sam Trump, filming of the miniseries resulted in four marriages among the cast and crew. Read and Kilbourne, who played each other, married in 1988. Frakes and Francis, who had played opposite each other on the failed NBC soap Bare Essence. Lesley-Anne Down married assistant cameraman Don E. FauntLeRoy in 1986 and they met during filming of Book I when both were married to other people, and eventually obtained divorces. Garber married screenwriter Chris Hager, whom she met in 1985 when he worked as a grip on the set of North and South and they had a daughter, Molly, in 1986, and later divorced. North and South was directed by Richard T. Heffron, from an adaptation by Patricia Green, Douglas Heyes, Paul F. Edwards. It was produced by David L. Wolper, Paul Freeman, Rob Harland, Wolper also produced 1986s North and South, Book II with his son Mark Wolper, as well as Stephanie Austin and Robert Papazian. Conti returned as composer, with Kevin Connor directing, Jacques R. Marquette as cinematographer, Heaven and Hell, North and South Book III was directed by Larry Peerce from a script by Suzanne Clauser. Hal Galli produced the miniseries, with music by David Bell, Episode 1 - Young Southerner Orry Main, the firstborn son of a wealthy South Carolina plantation owner, decides to go to West Point. On his way to the station, he rescues and falls in love with the beautiful French-Creole southern belle from New Orleans. In New York City, Orry meets Northerner George Hazard, the son of a wealthy Pennsylvania steel-factory owner. At the Academy, they meet the amoral egomaniac Elkanah Bent and they also meet classmates George Pickett, George McClellan, Thomas Stonewall Jackson and a senior student named Ulysses Grant. Bent is a handsome, smooth-talking man who hides his evil, twisted nature beneath his charm and he takes an instant dislike to Orry and George and uses his status as their drillmaster to constantly harass them. Orry constantly writes letters to Madeline, although it seems that she has not been responding to him, after two years of training, the men return home for a summer leave
7.
L.A. Confidential (film)
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L. A. Confidential is a 1997 American neo-noir crime film directed, produced and co-written by Curtis Hanson. The screenplay by Hanson and Brian Helgeland is loosely based on James Ellroys 1990 novel of the same name, like the book, the film tells the story of a group of LAPD officers in 1953, and the intersection of police corruption and Hollywood celebrity. The title refers to the 1950s scandal magazine Confidential, portrayed in the film as Hush-Hush, however, he supported Hansons casting decisions and this gave the director the confidence to approach Kevin Spacey, Kim Basinger, and Danny DeVito. The film grossed $126 million worldwide and was acclaimed, holding a 99% rating at Rotten Tomatoes. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, winning two, Basinger for Best Supporting Actress and Hanson and Helgeland for Best Adapted Screenplay, it lost every other category to Titanic. In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In early 1950s Los Angeles, Sergeant Edmund Ed Exley, son of the legendary LAPD detective Preston Exley, is determined to live up to his fathers reputation and his intelligence, insistence on following regulations, and cold demeanor contribute to his isolation from other officers. He exacerbates this resentment by volunteering to testify in the Bloody Christmas case in exchange for a promotion to Detective Lieutenant. This goes against the advice of Captain Dudley Smith, who states that a detective should be willing to shoot a guilty man in the back for the greater good. Exleys ambition is fueled by the murder of his father, killed by an unknown assailant, officer Wendell Bud White, whom Exley considers a mindless thug, is a plainclothes officer obsessed with violently punishing woman-beaters. One such incident leads him to confront a former cop named Leland Buzz Meeks, White comes to dislike Exley after Whites partner, Dick Stensland, is fired due to Exleys testimony in the Bloody Christmas scandal. The Nite Owl case, a multiple homicide at a coffee shop, Sergeant Jack Vincennes is a narcotics detective who moonlights as a technical advisor on Badge of Honor, a popular TV police drama series. He is providing Sid Hudgens, publisher of the Hush-Hush tabloid magazine, three African Americans are initially charged with the Nite Owl murders, and later killed in a shootout. Although the Nite Owl crime initially looks like a robbery, Exley. He begins a relationship with Lynn Bracken, a Veronica Lake look-alike prostitute, the body count rises when White searches a storage room under Lefferts mothers house, and finds the decomposed corpse of Meeks. When Vincennes approaches Smith with the evidence he has found with Exley, Smith shoots Vincennes, who utters Rollo Tomasi before dying, the origin of which Exley told Vincennes in confidence. Exleys suspicions are aroused when Smith asks him who Rollo Tomasi is, during an interrogation of Hudgens, Smith arranges for White to see photos of Bracken sleeping with Exley, which sends White into a rage. Confident that White has gone after Exley to kill him, Smith kills Hudgens, Exley investigates and discovers Meeks and Stensland used to work closely with Smith
8.
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
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Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl, the film tells the story of Charlie Bucket as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonkas chocolate factory with four other children from around the world. Filming took place in Munich in 1970, and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30,1971, with a budget of just $3 million, the film received generally positive reviews and earned $4 million by the end of its original run. It then made an additional $21 million during its re-release by Warner Bros. under the Family Entertainment banner in 1996, the film became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales. In 1972, the received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy. The movie introduced the song The Candy Man, which went on to become a hit when recorded by Sammy Davis Jr. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, until 1977, Paramount distributed the film. From then on, all the rights to the film were handed over to Warner Bros. for home entertainment purposes starting in the 1980s, a group of children go to a candy shop in Kaiserslautern, Germany. Charlie Bucket, whose family is poor, stares through the window as the shop owner sings The Candy Man, walking home, he passes Willy Wonkas chocolate factory. A mysterious tinker recites the first lines of William Allinghams poem The Fairies, and tells Charlie, Nobody ever goes in, Charlie rushes home to his widowed mother and four bedridden grandparents. Wonka disappeared, but three years later began selling candy, the origin of Wonkas labor force is unknown. Wonka announces to the world that he has hidden five Golden Tickets in chocolate Wonka Bars, the finders of these tickets will be given a factory tour and a lifetime supply of chocolate. As each winner is heralded to the world on TV, a man whispers to them, the fifth ticket is supposedly found by a millionaire in Paraguay. Charlie finds money in a gutter, using it to buy a Wonka Bar and he uses the change to buy a Wonka Bar for Joe. The newspapers reveal that the Paraguayan millionaire faked his ticket, when Charlie opens the Wonka Bar, Charlie returns home with his news. Joe is so elated that he finds he can walk, Charlie chooses him as his chaperone, the next day, Wonka greets the ticket winners. Each signs a contract before the tour. The factory includes a river of chocolate, edible mushrooms, lickable wallpaper, Wonkas workers are small men known as Oompa-Loompas
9.
Biography (TV series)
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Biography is a documentary television series with three separate original broadcast runs, in syndication, on network, CBS, and the current one on cable, A&E, The Biography Channel, and then FYI. Each episode was accompanied by a narration, using stock footage, on-camera interviews, and photographs of the peoples lives, the original 1961-63 version was a half-hour filmed series produced for Syndication by David Wolper and hosted by Mike Wallace. The A&E Network repeated these films prior to producing new episodes beginning in 1987, the older version featured historical figures such as Helen Keller and Mark Twain, or deceased entertainers and actors such as Will Rogers and John Barrymore. A1979 revival of Biography aired briefly on CBS covering a more recent collection of celebrities ranging from Idi Amin to Walt Disney, with this large back catalog of profiled figures, A&E, in 1998, spun off a separate network, The Biography Channel. Initially, most of the featured the life stories of historical figures or present political or social leaders. People such as William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Enrico Caruso, after a few years, however, the show began producing episodes on figures from pop culture, including Britney Spears, Al Pacino, Johnny Depp, and Marilyn Manson. This move away from purely intellectual subject matter has been criticized by some, figures covered from the business and technology world include Sam Walton, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, J. C. Penney, Dave Thomas, Colonel Sanders, Bernie Marcus, Biography original was shown on TV in the early 1960s. The host was Mike Wallace until 1963, the show was produced by David L. Wolper. The series was on from 1961 to 1964 and revived in 1979, Biography became a 5 night a week series in 1994 while adding entertainment figures to the mix of persons featured. Several Biography specials were produced in 1994 and 1995, the History Channel U. K. was started on November 1,1995 as a week day three-hour block with British revamp Biography one of the three shows. A&E expanded the Biography brand into a franchise with a website in July 1996, at one point, the show aired up to six times weekly in prime time, but cut back as A&E added reality show to appeal to a younger crowd. In April 2006, A&E was telecasting the show once a week. A&E canceled Biography after August 2006, making new episodes of the show available on The Biography Channel. 64 more hours of the show was also for its first year only on the Bio Channel. The show ended its run in 2012, the original Biography host was ] who hosted the show from 1961 to 1963 when left for CBS News. The 1990 version of Biography has been hosted by Peter Graves, Jack Perkins, Bill Mumy, joan Lunden was a regular guest host. Biography is a franchise focusing on biographies owned by A&E Networks
10.
Visions of Eight
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Visions of Eight is a 1973 American documentary film, produced by David L. Wolper and Stan Margulies, offering a stylized look at the 1972 Summer Olympics, directed by eight different directors. It was screened at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival, but wasnt entered into the main competition and it was later shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Some visuals of the Munich stadium from the documentary were used in Without Limits, Wolper asked eight directors to select their own crews and create a segment which would capture some aspect of the Munich Games. Arthur Wooster shot The Longest for director John Schlesinger, and Walter Lassally directed the photography for Arthur Penns segment The Highest, Visions of Eight won the best documentary award at the Golden Globe Awards, held in 1974 for films which were released in 1973. Peter Rainer of Bloomberg News Service noted that only Schlesinger bothered to be aware of the terrorist tragedy at the Munich Games. Schlesinger’s is the segment that fully acknowledges the Black September terrorist attacks, in which 11 Israeli athletes and coaches. Rainer continues, Penn’s entry begins daringly, not only is the imagery a slo-mo crawl, it’s also out of focus and the soundtrack is silent. Gradually the visuals sharpen, the sounds come up, but, for the most part. Rainer sees French director Claude Lelouchs segment as a welcome contrast to the other directors worshipful heroic depictions, list of American films of 1973 Visions of Eight at the Internet Movie Database
11.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
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The Hellstrom Chronicle
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It was conceived and produced by David L. Wolper, directed by Walon Green and written by David Seltzer, who earned a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for his screenplay. Green later called it almost yellow-journally but good and we were giving the audience an elbow to the ribs every third line. Several cinematographers photographed this film using stop-motion photography with microscopic and telescopic lenses, the trailer resembled an announcement for a science fiction movie. The film provided the inspiration for Frank Herberts science fiction novel Hellstroms Hive, a fictitious scientist called Dr. Nils Hellstrom guides viewers throughout the film. Technical advisers Roy Snelling and Charles Hogue, were entomologists at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History,1972 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature 1972 BAFTA Award - Best Documentary feature The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray January 10,2012 from Olive Films. The Hellstrom Chronicle at the Internet Movie Database New York Times review Review, Chicago Sun-Times by Roger Ebert Notes at Turner Classic Movies
13.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
14.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
15.
National Geographic Society
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The National Geographic Society, headquartered in Washington, D. C. United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational institutions in the world and its interests include geography, archaeology and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history. In partnership with 21st Century Fox, the Society operates the magazine, TV channels, a website that features extra content and worldwide events, the National Geographic Society was founded in 1888 to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge. The Society believes in the power of science, exploration and storytelling to change the world, National Geographic is governed by a board of trustees, whose 21 members include distinguished educators, business executives, former government officials and conservationists. The organization sponsors and funds research and exploration. National Geographic maintains a museum for the public in its Washington and its Education Foundation gives grants to education organizations and individuals to improve geography education. Its Committee for Research and Exploration has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research, National Geographic has retail stores in Washington, D. C. The locations outside of the United States are operated by Worldwide Retail Store S. L and it also publishes other magazines, books, school products, maps, and Web and film products in numerous languages and countries. National Geographics various media properties reach more than 280 million people monthly, the National Geographic Society began as a club for an elite group of academics and wealthy patrons interested in travel. After preparing a constitution and a plan of organization, the National Geographic Society was incorporated two weeks later on January 27, Gardiner Greene Hubbard became its first president and his son-in-law, Alexander Graham Bell, succeeded him in 1897. Bell and Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor devised the successful marketing notion of Society membership, the current National Geographic Society president and CEO is Gary E. Knell. The chairman of the board of trustees is John Fahey, the editor-in-chief of National Geographic magazine is Susan Goldberg. Gilbert Melville Grosvenor, a chairman of the Society board of trustees received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 for his leadership in geography education. In 2004, the National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington, D. C. was one of the first buildings to receive a Green certification from Global Green USA. The National Geographic received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in October 2006 in Oviedo, in 2013 the society was investigated for possible violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act relating to their close association with an Egyptian government official responsible for antiquities. This new, for-profit corporation, will own National Geographic and other magazines, as reported by The Guardian, a spokesman for National Geographic in a November 2,2015 e-mail statement, briefly discussed the rationale for the staff reductions as part of the. Process of reorganizing in order to move forward following the closing the National Geographic Partners deal. Additional specifics were provided to Photo District News by M. J. Jacobsen, National Geographic’s SVP of communications, similar to the contents of a formal announcement by the two companies
16.
Australopithecus
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Australopithecus is an extinct genus of hominins. During that time, a number of australopithecine species emerged, including Australopithecus afarensis, A. africanus, A. anamensis, A. bahrelghazali, A. deyiremeda, A. garhi, and A. sediba. For some hominid species of time, such as A. robustus and A. boisei. If so, they would be considered robust australopiths, while the others would be gracile australopiths, however, if these species do constitute their own genus, they may be given their own name, Paranthropus. Australopithecus species played a significant part in human evolution, the genus Homo being derived from Australopithecus at some time after three years ago. Among other things, they were the first hominids to show the presence of a gene that causes increased length and ability of neurons in the brain, the duplicated SRGAP2 gene. One of the species eventually became the Homo genus in Africa around two million years ago, and eventually modern humans, H. sapiens sapiens. Gracile australopiths shared several traits with modern apes and humans, and were widespread throughout Eastern and Northern Africa around 3.5 million years ago, the earliest evidence of fundamentally bipedal hominids can be observed at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania. This site contains hominid footprints that are similar to those of modern humans and have been dated to as old as 3.6 million years. The footprints have generally classified as australopith because that is the only form of prehuman known to have existed in that region at that time. Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis, and A. africanus are among the most famous of the extinct hominins, a. africanus was once considered to be ancestral to the genus Homo. However, fossils assigned to the genus Homo have been found that are older than A. africanus, thus, the genus Homo either split off from the genus Australopithecus at an earlier date, or both developed from a yet possibly unknown common ancestor independently. According to the Chimpanzee Genome Project, the human and chimpanzee lineages diverged from a common ancestor about five to six years ago. Sahelanthropus tchadensis, commonly called Toumai, is seven million years old. One theory suggests that the human and chimpanzee lineages diverged somewhat at first, the brains of most species of Australopithecus were roughly 35% of the size of a modern human brain. Most species of Australopithecus were diminutive and gracile, usually standing 1.2 to 1.4 m tall, in several variations is a considerable degree of sexual dimorphism, males being larger than females. According to one scholar, A. Furthermore, thermoregulatory models suggest that Australopithecus species were fully covered, more like chimpanzees and bonobos. Modern humans do not appear to display the same degree of sexual dimorphism as Australopithecus did, in modern populations, males are on average a mere 15% larger than females, while in Australopithecus, males could be up to 50% larger than females
17.
Mammoth Mountain Ski Area
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Mammoth Mountain Ski Area is a large ski resort in the western United States, located in eastern California along the east side of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the Inyo National Forest. Mammoth has more than 3,500 acres of terrain, serviced by 28 lifts. The area has 3,100 ft of vertical, rising to an elevation of 11,059 ft, the resort was founded 64 years ago in 1953 by Dave McCoy and, since 2005, was owned by the Starwood Capital Group. The ski area is located on the side of Mammoth Mountain in the volcanic Long Valley Caldera. Overnight guests stay in the town of Mammoth Lakes, California and occasionally in neighboring towns such as Bishop, June Lakes ski area is also owned by Mammoth Mountain Ski Area. The top of the mountain has challenging chutes and open mogul runs, there are eight Unbound terrain parks. Unbound Main, adjacent to Main Lodge, is praised by extreme snowboarding and skiing enthusiasts. There are only a handful of SuperDuper pipes in the world, there is also a Mini Pipe. Mammoth Mountain is one of only a handful of resorts in the world to offer a halfpipe of this size, Mammoth Mountain also has one of the longest ski seasons in North America, which averages from November to June. The resort occasionally enjoys a longer season, as in 2005, the 1994–95 season was Mammoth Mountains longest, over ten months, with the resort operating from October 8 until August 13. Mammoth receives an average of 400 in of snow per season, as recently as the 1980s, senior citizens skied Mammoth for free. As of 2006, those aged at least 80 years may ski free, while the ski area is located in northern California, it is mainly frequented by skiers and snowboarders from southern California. For example, during the summer, the distance from Fresno to Mammoth Lakes is 189 miles, in recent years, Mammoth has hosted more visitors from outside of California and Nevada. Scheduled passenger service is now available to Mammoth Yosemite Airport near Mammoth Lakes from Los Angeles on a year-round basis via Alaska Airlines propjet flights operated by Horizon Air, in December 2009, Alaska/Horizon began year round nonstop flights from LAX and seasonal nonstop flights from San Jose, California. Alaska/Horizon also offers seasonal service from San Diego. In December 2010, SkyWest Airlines operating as United Express on behalf of United Airlines began seasonal regional jet flights from San Francisco to Mammoth Lakes, United Express/SkyWest offers regional jet service into Mammoth Lakes on a seasonal basis during the winter sports season. Mammoth was founded by Dave McCoy, a hydrographer for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, as a member of the Eastern Sierra Ski Club in the 1930s, McCoy noticed that Mammoth Mountain consistently held more snow than other mountains. The Ski Club had a rope tow. McCoy bought the rope tow from the club in 1941
18.
Sierra Pacific Airlines
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Sierra Pacific Airlines is an American airline based in Tucson, Arizona, USA. It operates passenger charters and sub-charters for other airlines, as well as for the United States Forest Service, United States Military, Sierra Pacific also previously operated scheduled passenger service in the western U. S. with prop and turboprop aircraft. The airline was founded as Trans Sierra Airlines in 1970 by Chris Condon and Allan Silliphant with profits from their box office hit soft X. It was renamed Sierra Pacific Airlines when the FAA granted permission to operate aircraft weighing over 12,500 lbs. in 1971, the original aircraft were eight passenger seat Cessna 402 twin prop aircraft followed by 44 passenger Convair 440 prop airliners. The aircraft were operated out of Burbank Airport in southern California, destinations served included Burbank, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Fresno, Bishop, Mammoth Lakes and San Jose. In 1973, Sierra Pacific was purchased by Mammoth Mountain Ski Area, the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area subsequently sold the airline. In February 1976 it became Mountain West Aviation and it is wholly owned by the Sierra Pacific Group. Until his death in November 2014, the long-time President of Sierra Pacific was Garfield Thorsrud, Thorsrud was a smokejumper early in his career and later served in the CIA, including with Intermountain Aviation. All 36 on board were killed, including 31 Wolper crew and cast members, the filmed segment was recovered in the tail section wreckage and was broadcast as the television documentary Primal Man. As of July 2012, the NTSB has not been able to determine the cause of the crash, there were no indications of technical problems during takeoff, but no plausible explanation of pilot error could be given. It is one of only three uncleared NTSB cases, Sierra Pacific Airlines aircraft Sierra Pacific Airlines fleet
19.
Convair CV-240 family
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The Convair CV-240 is an American airliner produced by Convair from 1947 to 1954, initially as a possible replacement of the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3. Although reduced in numbers through attrition, the Convairliners in various forms continue to fly into the 21st century, the design began its life in a requirement by American Airlines for an airliner to replace its Douglas DC-3s. Convairs original design, the unpressurised Model 110 was a twin-engine, low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction and it was powered by Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp radial engines and had a tricycle landing gear and a ventral airstair for passenger boarding. The prototype Model 110, registration NX90653, first flew on July 8,1946, by this time, American had changed its requirements to require pressurization and deemed the design too small. The first prototype was used by Convair for development work for the 240 series before being broken up in 1947, to meet the requirements of airlines for a pressurized airliner, Convair produced a revised design—the Model 240. This had a longer but thinner fuselage than the Model 110, the 240 first flew on March 16,1947. The Model 240 was followed by the Model 340 that had a fuselage, longer-span wings. The 340 first flew on October 5,1951, as the Super 240 evolved into the CV-340 and CV-440, the limit of piston-engine performance was reached, and future development centered on conversion to turboprop power. The first delivery of a production Convairliner was to American on February 29,1948, a total of 75 were delivered to American, with another 50 going to Western Airlines, Continental Airlines, Pan American Airways, KLM, Swissair, Sabena, and Trans Australia Airlines. A CV-240 was the first private aircraft used in a United States presidential campaign, in 1960, John F. Kennedy used a CV-240 named Caroline during his campaign. This aircraft is now preserved in the National Air and Space Museum, after aborted negotiations with TWA and Eastern for Super 240 orders, the production of the 240 series was temporarily halted. In response to a United inquiry, Convair redesigned the Super 240, United ordered 55, and more US orders came from Braniff, Continental, Delta, Northeast and National. Other orders came from abroad, and the CV-340 proved popular in South America, the CV-340 earned an enviable reputation for reliability and profitability, and was developed into the CV-440 Metropolitan, the final piston-engined variant of the Convairliners. Kelowna Flightcraft Air Charter, the major remaining operator of this model, used price for a Convair 240 in 1960 was around £40,000. Data from, General Dynamics Aircraft and their predecessors Convair Model 110 Unpressurized prototype with seats for 30 passengers,89 ft wingspan,71 ft length, powered by two 2,100 hp Pratt & Whitney R-2800-SC13G engines. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engines, Convair CV-240-21 Turboliner Turboprop-powered conversion fitted with Allison T38 engines. It became the first turboprop airliner to fly in the United States, but problems with the resulted in development being terminated. Convair CV-300 A conversion from a Convair CV-240 with two R-2800 CB-17 engines and nacelles as used on the CV-340, in 1977, a CV-300 was involved in an accident that killed three members and the manager of the rock group Lynyrd Skynyrd
20.
White Mountains (California)
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The White Mountains of California and Nevada are a triangular fault-block mountain range facing the Sierra Nevada across the upper Owens Valley. They extend for approximately 60 mi as an elevated plateau about 20 mi wide on the south. The ranges broad southern end is near the community of Big Pine, the narrow northern end is at Montgomery Pass, where U. S. Route 6 crosses. The range lies within the section of the Inyo National Forest. Middle slopes from 6,500 to 8,200 ft have somewhat denser stands of piñon pine and these upper and lower conifer zones are often separated by a zone of mountain mahogany brush. Various subspecies of sagebrush extend from surrounding valleys to the alpine zone. A bristlecone pine in the part of the range is the oldest known living tree in the world. Pine nuts from piñon pine stands were harvested as a staple food by Paiute Indians whose descendants still live in adjacent valleys. The White Mountains also have small remnant groves of pine, Jeffrey pine, ponderosa pine, Sierra juniper. A number of plant species are endemic to the White Mountains, fauna include two herds of bighorn sheep, mule deer, marmots and feral horses. Permanent streams have no fish, but there are naturalized populations of trout including rare Paiute cutthroat trout which is protected from angling. Birds include Clarks nutcracker and other Corvidae which eat and cache pine nuts, cattle from ranches in surrounding valleys are still grazed under permit as high as the alpine zone. Historically sheep were grazed in large numbers, introducing diseases from which the native Bighorn Sheep populations are still slowly recovering. Before European colonization of surrounding valleys in the mid 19th century, Paiute Indians occupied summer hunting camps up to about 13,100 ft, the highest point in the range is White Mountain Peak, which at 14,252 ft is the third-highest summit in California. This peak is actually an extinct volcano rising about 1,600 ft above the plateau surface, the summit is composed of Mesozoic metavolcanic rock – lava lifted and melted by rising granite. The volcano itself is long since gone, the White Mountains are the highest range completely inside the Great Basin, although the adjacent Sierra Nevada Range along the basins western edge has two higher summits. The entire range is within the Inyo National Forest, a four-wheel drive road reaches the summit from the south to service the summit laboratory of the White Mountain Research Station. The road is normally gated seven miles from the summit at an elevation of 11,680 ft, the bench includes Mt. Hogue at 12,743 ft. and further north Mt. Dubois at 13,559 ft. the high point on the plateau
21.
Eastern Sierra Regional Airport
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Eastern Sierra Regional Airport is two miles east of Bishop, in Inyo County, California. It is owned by the City of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works, the airport covers 830 acres at an elevation of 4,124 ft. It has three runways, 7/25 is 5,566 by 100 ft, 12/30 is 7,498 by 100 ft. It has two helipads, H1 is 40 by 40 ft and H2 is 100 by 100 ft, in the year ending October 23,2006 the airport had 26,000 aircraft operations, average 71 per day, 88% general aviation and 12% military. 64 aircraft were based at the airport, 81% single-engine, 13% multi-engine, 2% jet. The airfield opened in April 1940 on 897.22 acres subleased from Inyo County, during World War II it was known as Bishop Army Airfield and was a sub-base to Muroc Army Airfield in 1942 and 1943 for Fourth Air Force. The site was used for flight and ordnance delivery training. In 1943 it was reassigned to Tonopah Army Airfield, Nevada, aircraft maintenance was also done, and ordnance storage. After the end of World War II, Bishop AAF was turned over to Air Technical Service Command as a storage airfield, the Air Force used the heliport area and runway for performance testing of helicopters and other aircraft. The U. S. DoD facilities included runway expansion, fuel facilities, utilities, buildings, aircraft maintenance, hospital, today, the airport is owned by the City of Los Angeles, California and is leased to Inyo County. Trans Sierra Airlines, an air carrier, was serving the airport in 1971 with two daily flights to Los Angeles and two daily flights to San Jose operated with Cessna 402 twin prop aircraft. In 1980 and 1981, Air Sierra was operating flights to Fresno with Piper Navajo twin prop aircraft. In 1983, Mojave Airlines was operating flights to Los Angeles, San Diego, Ontario, Inyokern, by 1988, Alpha Air was providing commuter airline service with Beechcraft 1900C propjets direct to Los Angeles and Oakland as well as nonstop service to San Jose. The airport currently does not have scheduled flights although airline service is available from the Mammoth Yosemite Airport. On March 13,1974 a David L, the filmed segment was recovered in the wreckage and was broadcast in the television show Primal Man. The U. S. National Transportation Safety Board never determined the cause of the accident, California World War II Army Airfields National Landmark of Soaring This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, //www. afhra. af. mil/
22.
Bishop, California
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Bishop is a city in Inyo County, California, United States. Though Bishop is the city and the largest populated place in Inyo County. Bishop is located near the end of the Owens Valley. The population was 3,879 at the 2010 census, up from 3,575 at the 2000 census, the town was named after Bishop Creek, flowing out of the Sierra Nevada, the creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, a settler in the Owens Valley. Bishop lies west of the Owens River at the end of the Owens Valley. It is on U. S. Route 395, the main artery through the Owens Valley, connecting the Inland Empire to Reno. US395 also connects Bishop to Los Angeles via State Route 14 through Palmdale, Bishop is the western terminus of U. S. Route 6. The Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony control land just west of the town, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power controls much of the upstream and surrounding area. Bishop is immediately to the east of the Sierra Nevada, numerous peaks are within a short distance of Bishop, including Mount Humphreys, to the west, White Mountain Peak in the northeast, and pyramidal Mount Tom northwest of town. Basin Mountain is viewed to the west from Bishop as it rises above the Buttermilks, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 square miles, over 97% of it land. The festival attracts tourists, primarily from the Southern California area. Bishop is well known in the climbing community. Near the city are numerous climbing spots that attract visitors from around the world, there are over 2,000 bouldering problems in Bishop. The two main types of rock are volcanic tuff and granite.18 inches of precipitation, and is part of USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 7. The wettest year was 1969 with 17.09 in of precipitation, measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 27.6 days annually. The most precipitation in one month was 8.93 in in January 1969, which included 4.00 in on January 4, snowfall averages 6.8 inches per year. The snowiest season was from July 1968 to June 1969 with 57.1 inches, which included the snowiest month, January 1969, at 23.2 inches. There is an average of 2.5 nights of sub 10 °F lows,134 nights where the low reaches the mark,100 days with 90 °F + highs
23.
Ottawa Herald
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For the former Canadian newspaper, the Ottawa Sunday Herald, see Ottawa Sun The Ottawa Herald is a local newspaper in the town of Ottawa, Kansas. The Evening Ottawa was free at first, distributed to all of Ottawa. This was to give the residents of Ottawa a feel for the new newspaper, then it was made into a subscription for ten cents a week. The newspaper was four pages in a six-column format, when Bristow and Allen broke up their partnership in 1907, Allen sold it to Ralph A. Harris. Harris was a farmer, banker and assistant postmaster in Franklin County, when he died in 1930, one of his sons, Sidney F. Harris, took over The Herald. Harris other son, John P. Harris, was an editor at the Chanute Tribune, members of the Harris family continue in the newspaper business to this day. The Harris Enterprises Inc. is a majority stockholder of the Ottawa Herald, other local newspapers, the Ottawa Herald was not the first daily newspaper to be published in Ottawa, Kansas. That honor belongs to The Republican, which was created in 1879, tommy Felts is the current editor/publisher of the Ottawa Herald. As of March 2006, Cyrus Oliver IIs comic strip Funny Bunnies has been published in The Ottawa Herald, since November 2006, the comic has been uploaded online as well
24.
Adventures of Superman (TV series)
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Adventures of Superman is an American television series based on comic book characters and concepts created in 1938 by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The show is the first television series to feature Superman and began filming in 1951 in California on RKO-Pathé stages and it was sponsored by cereal manufacturer Kelloggs. The show, which was produced for television syndication rather than a network, has disputed first and last air dates but are generally accepted as September 19,1952. The shows first two seasons were filmed in black-and-white, seasons three through six were filmed in color but originally telecast in black and white, Superman was not shown in color until the series was syndicated to local stations in 1965. George Reeves played Clark Kent/Superman, with Jack Larson as Jimmy Olsen, John Hamilton as Perry White, Phyllis Coates played Lois Lane in the first season, with Noel Neill stepping into the role in the second and later seasons. Superman battles crooks, gangsters, and other villains in the city of Metropolis while masquerading off-duty as Daily Planet reporter Clark Kent. Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen, Clarks colleagues at the office and its opening theme is known as The Superman March. In 1987, selected episodes of the show were released to video, in 2006, the series became available in its entirety on DVD. The feature film Hollywoodland was released in 2006, dramatizing the shows production, the film prompted the first television season to go into production in August/September of the same year. The success of the series came as a surprise to the cast. After the first seasons filming was completed, actress Phyllis Coates made other commitments, Noel Neill stepped into the role, and remained until the series cancellation. The core cast thereafter remained intact with Phillips Tead occasionally joining the regulars in the last seasons as the recurring character Professor Pepperwinkle. To promote and advertise the show, cast members Reeves, Hamilton, however, Noel Neill was never approached for these because sponsors worried that scenes of Clark Kent having breakfast with Lois Lane would be too suggestive. From the beginning, the series was filmed like a serial with principals wearing the same costumes throughout the show to expedite out-of-sequence shooting schedules. For instance, all scenes that took place in the Perry White Office set would be filmed back to back, for placement in various episodes. Money was further saved by using Clarks office as Loiss office with a change of wall hangings. In the last seasons, for example, few exterior location shoots were conducted, Reevess red-blue-and-yellow Superman costume was originally brown-gray-and-white so that it would photograph in appropriate gray tones on black-and-white film. After two seasons the producers began filming the show in color, a rarity for the time, filming of the color episodes began in late 1954 and were broadcast in monochrome starting in early 1955
25.
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
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The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an American history museum and hall of fame, located at 25 Main Street in Cooperstown, New York, and operated by private interests. The Halls motto is Preserving History, Honoring Excellence, Connecting Generations, the word Cooperstown is often used as shorthand for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark, Clark had sought to bring tourists to a city hurt by the Great Depression, which reduced the local tourist trade, and Prohibition, which devastated the local hops industry. A new building was constructed, and the Hall of Fame was dedicated on June 12,1939, the erroneous claim that U. S. Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall. An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994, dale Petroskey became the organizations president in 1999. In 2002, the Hall launched Baseball As America, an exhibit that toured ten American museums over six years. The Hall of Fame has since also sponsored educational programming on the Internet to bring the Hall of Fame to schoolchildren who might not visit, the Hall and Museum completed a series of renovations in spring 2005. The Hall of Fame also presents an annual exhibit at FanFest at the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Jeff Idelson replaced Petroskey as president on April 16,2008. In 2012, Congress passed and President Barack Obama signed a law ordering the United States Mint to produce and sell commemorative, non-circulating coins to benefit the private, non-profit Hall. The bill, House Bill H. R.2527, was introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Rep. Richard Hanna, a Republican from New York, the coins, which depict baseball gloves and balls, are the first concave designs produced by the Mint. The mintage included 50,000 gold coins,400,000 silver coins, the Mint released them on March 27,2014, and the gold and silver editions quickly sold out. The Hall receives money from surcharges included in the sale price,114 members of the Hall of Fame have been inducted posthumously, including four who died after their selection was announced. Of the 35 Negro league members,29 were inducted posthumously, the Hall of Fame includes one female member, Effa Manley. The newest inductees, enshrined on July 24,2016, are players Mike Piazza, the incoming class of 2017, to be formally enshrined on July 30, consists of executives John Schuerholz and Bud Selig and players Jeff Bagwell, Tim Raines, and Iván Rodríguez. In addition to honoring Hall of Fame inductees, the National Baseball Hall of Fame has presented 40 men with the Ford C, while Frick and Spink Award honorees are not members of the Hall of Fame, they are recognized in an exhibit in the Hall of Fames library. ONeil Award honorees are also not Hall of Fame members, but are listed alongside a permanent statue of the namesake and first recipient, Buck ONeil. From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players, until the late 1950s, any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections, players receiving 5% or more of the votes but fewer than 75% are reconsidered annually until a maximum of ten years of eligibility
26.
Grand Ole Opry
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The Grand Ole Opry is a weekly country-music stage concert in Nashville, Tennessee, which was founded on November 28,1925, by George D. Hay as a one-hour radio barn dance on WSM, currently owned and operated by Opry Entertainment, it is the longest-running radio broadcast in US history, albeit not the longest-running one on a radio network. It attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world and millions of radio, the Oprys current primary slogan is The Show that Made Country Music Famous. Other slogans include Home of American Music and Country’s Most Famous Stage, in the 1930s the show began hiring professionals and expanded to four hours, and WSM, broadcasting by then with 50,000 watts, made the program a Saturday night musical tradition in nearly 30 states. In 1939, it debuted nationally on NBC Radio, the Opry moved to a permanent home, the Ryman Auditorium, in 1943. As it developed in importance, so did the city of Nashville, the Grand Ole Opry holds such significance in Nashville that its name is included on the city/county line signs on all major roadways. The signs read Music City|Metropolitan Nashville Davidson County|Home of the Grand Ole Opry, membership in the Opry remains one of country musics crowning achievements. Such country music legends as Hank Williams, Patsy Cline, Marty Robbins, Roy Acuff, since 1974, the show has been broadcast from the Grand Ole Opry House east of downtown Nashville, with an annual three-month winter foray back to the Ryman since 1999. Performances have been televised in addition to the radio programs. The Grand Ole Opry started as the WSM Barn Dance in the new radio studio of the National Life & Accident Insurance Company in downtown Nashville on November 28,1925. On October 18,1925, management began a program featuring Dr. Humphrey Bate, on November 2, WSM hired long-time announcer and program director George D. Hay launched the WSM Barn Dance with 77-year-old fiddler Uncle Jimmy Thompson on November 28,1925, judge Hay, however, liked the Fruit Jar Drinkers and asked them to appear last on each show because he wanted to always close each segment with red hot fiddle playing. They were the band accepted on Barn Dance, with the Crook Brothers being the first. When the Opry began having square dancers on the show, the Fruit Jar Drinkers always played for them, in 1926, Uncle Dave Macon, a Tennessee banjo player who had recorded several songs and toured the vaudeville circuit, became its first real star. The phrase Grand Ole Opry was first uttered on the air on December 10,1927, at the time, Barn Dance followed the NBC Red Networks Music Appreciation Hour, a program of classical music and selections from grand opera presented by classical conductor Walter Damrosch. On that particular night, Damrosch had remarked that there is no place in the classics for realism, in response, Opry presenter George Hay said, Friends, the program which just came to a close was devoted to the classics. Doctor Damrosch told us there is no place in the classics for realism. However, from here on out for the three hours, we will present nothing but realism
27.
Hollywood and the Stars
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Hollywood and the Stars was a 1963 NBC television documentary series produced by the David L. Wolper Production Company in Association with United Artists Television. It was narrated by Joseph Cotten with the music and several episodes composed by Elmer Bernstein. Jack Haley, Jr. was the producer for all its 31 episodes. He also wrote four episodes and directed 22 episodes, each 30 minute show concentrated on a Hollywood genre, film or legendary star. This series ran from September 30,1963 until April 1964, an Extravaganza In The Making The Great Directors The Wild and Wonderful Thirties Hollywood and the Stars at the Internet Movie Database
28.
The Making of the President, 1960
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The book won the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and was the first in a series of books by White about American presidential elections. The book traces the 1960 campaign from the primaries to the conclusion of the election contest against Richard Nixon. Much of the narrative is written in an almost novelistic style, describing politicians looks, but it also contains thought-provoking discussions of various trends in American life and politics. The Making of the President,1960 was a huge success, critics and journalists hailed it as a new way of looking at its subject. It had a impact on political reporting and even on American politics itself. As White noted, it was a look at a leader under the pressure of circumstances. Its literary-journalistic book brought a point of view on the world of politics and its strategies, victories. One chapter was devoted to detailing the reasons behind Americans ways of voting, whites book, and its successor volumes, inspired a trend toward campaign books and toward a more personality-driven approach to political reporting. White in later years would bemoan the changes he had helped create, david L. Wolper produced a film version of The Making of the President,1960 which was finished shortly before President Kennedys November 1963 assassination. The Making of the President,1960 on Open Library at the Internet Archive
29.
Superman IV: The Quest for Peace
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Superman IV, The Quest for Peace is a 1987 American superhero film directed by Sidney J. Furie, based on the DC Comics character Superman. Gene Hackman returned as Lex Luthor, who creates an evil solar-powered version of Superman called Nuclear Man, Superman IV was both a critical and commercial failure, with many reviewers criticizing the cheap special effects, inconsistencies, lack of originality, and plot holes. Critics have put Superman IV in the category of worst films ever made, Superman saves a spaceship of cosmonauts whose ship was thrown off course by debris, then visits his home-town of Smallville as Clark. Now that his parents have died, Clark has inherited their now-unattended farm. In an empty barn, he uncovers the capsule that brought him to Earth, a recording left by his mother Lara states that its power can be used only once. Unwilling to sell the farm to a developer, Superman returns to Metropolis. Lacy takes a liking to Clark and tries to seduce him, Clark agrees to go on a date with her. Following the news that the United States and the Soviet Union may engage in nuclear war, after receiving a letter from a concerned schoolboy, Superman travels to the Fortress of Solitude to seek advice from the spirits of his Kryptonian ancestors. They recommend that he let Earth solve its own problems, or seek new worlds where war has been outlawed. After asking for advice from Lois Lane, Superman attends a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, various nations fire their nuclear warheads into space, which are collected by Superman into a giant net and then thrown into the sun. Meanwhile, young Lenny Luthor breaks his uncle Lex Luthor out of prison, returning to Metropolis, Lex and Lenny steal a strand of Supermans hair from a museum, and create a genetic matrix which Lex attaches to a U. S. nuclear missile. After the missile is test launched, Superman intercepts it and throws it into the sun, a glowing ball of energy is discharged, which develops into a superhuman. This Nuclear Man makes his way back to Earth to find his father Lex, a vicious battle ensues between Lexs creation and Superman. While saving the Statue of Liberty from falling onto New York, Nuclear Man kicks Superman into the distance with such strength that his cape is torn away. To Lois disgust, the Daily Planet publishes the headline Superman Dead, Lois indicates a desire to quit and seizes Supermans recovered cape for herself. Lacy is also upset and reveals to Lois that she cares for Clark, Lois ventures to Clarks apartment where she proclaims her love for Superman. Felled by radiation sickness, Clark staggers to his terrace where he retrieves the Kryptonian energy module, having developed a crush on Lacy, Nuclear Man threatens mayhem if she is not brought to him. The newly restored Superman agrees to him to her to prevent anyone else from being hurt
30.
The Incredible World of James Bond
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In the United States, the show replaced The Man From U. N. C. L. E. On NBC on Friday,26 November 1965, the day after American Thanksgiving that unofficially begins the shopping frenzy for Christmas and it was the highest rated American television show for the week. Director Terence Young, producers Albert R. Broccoli, Harry Saltzman, Kevin McClory, editor Peter R. Hunt and action director and stuntman Bob Simmons are shown during sequences. The James Bond Theme and other music from the Bond film soundtracks are heard with the gun barrel titles and 007 logo from the Goldfinger film trailer appearing in the opening titles, the narration was to have been originally given by Sean Connery. However, when Connery read the script and found out they were referring to James Bond as a person he refused to do the show. Telephone calls from Joan Crawford who was a shareholder in Pepsi Cola. Pepsi Cola used the special to unveil commercials for its latest products, the special is available as a featurette on the James Bond Ultimate Edition DVD of Thunderball. Pepsi Cola and Frito Lay also sold promotional James Bond tie-in toys, the album featured the original soundtrack music and cover versions of four of the themes from the first three Bond films played by United Artists Records house band The Leroy Holmes Orchestra. The back of the cover was full of photographic stills from the Bond films. The record was reissued with an attractive Frank Gauna designed album cover on Unart Records in 1967 with two music tracks deleted to fit on the budget album. PepsiCo used the special to unveil commercials for its latest products
31.
Moon landing
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A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both manned and unmanned missions, the first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Unions Luna 2 mission, on 13 September 1959. The United States Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969, there have been six manned U. S. landings and numerous unmanned landings, with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013. To date, the United States is the country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon. Since then, twelve Soviet and U. S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface. In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the surface during the Luna 9. The U. S. followed with five unmanned Surveyor soft landings, the Soviet Union achieved the first unmanned lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970. This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 1972 and 1976, following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod, Luna E-8 No.201, the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful unmanned lunar rover missions in 1970 and 1973. Many missions were failures at launch, in addition, several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful, including, Luna 15, Luna 18, and Luna 23 all crashed on landing, and the U. S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing, more recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour, often at precise, planned locations. These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that, because of system degradations, japans lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moons surface on 10 April 1993. The European Space Agency performed a controlled impact with their orbiter SMART-1 on 3 September 2006. Indian Space Research Organisation performed a controlled impact with its Moon Impact Probe on 14 November 2008. The MIP was a probe from the Indian Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter. The Chinese lunar orbiter Change 1 executed a crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009. The rover mission Change 3 was launched on 1 December 2013, a total of twelve men have landed on the Moon. Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface, all Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module. The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility, in order to go to the Moon, a spacecraft must first leave the gravity well of the Earth
32.
The March of Time
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The March of Time is an American short film series sponsored by Time Inc. and shown in movie theaters from 1935 to 1951. It was based on a news series broadcast from 1931 to 1945. The voice of series was Westbrook Van Voorhis. Produced and written by Louis de Rochemont and his brother Richard de Rochemont, the March of Time organization also produced four feature films for theatrical release, and created documentary series for early television. Its first TV series, Crusade in Europe, received a Peabody Award, the March of Time was based on a news documentary and dramatization series, also called The March of Time, that was first broadcast on CBS Radio. Usually called a series, The March of Time was actually a monthly series of short feature films twice the length of standard newsreels. The films were didactic, with a point of view. The editors of Time described it as pictorial journalism, like its radio namesake, The March of Time included reporting, on-location shots, and dramatic reenactments. The March of Times relationship to the newsreel was compared to the weekly news magazines relationship to the daily newspaper. The March of Time was launched February 1,1935, in over 500 theaters, each entry in the series was either a two- or three-reel film. Westbrook Van Voorhis, who hosted the program, served as narrator of the film series. The series, which finally totalled close to 200 segments, was a success with audiences. Because of its high production costs—estimated at $50,000 per episode, however, it remained in production for six years beyond the cancellation of the radio show on which it was based. At its peak The March of Time was seen by 25 million U. S. moviegoers a month, for them, fascism, communism, and native demagogues seemed foreign to the American ethic, and they exposed and attacked them accordingly. … A cinematic agent provocateur, the March of Time turned over a lot of rocks, the demagogues and quacks whom they attacked in the 1930s may seem like obvious targets now, but they didnt seem so then. They were popular, powerful, frightening people, and the March of Time stood entirely alone in theatrical motion picture circles as a muckraker. In late 1936, producer Roy E. Larsen reluctantly left The March of Time to serve as publisher of Life, Larsen proposed that the new magazine be named The March of Time, but the name Life was purchased from the owners of a declining periodical. Life magazine was a success and notable influence on photojournalism throughout its 36-year history
33.
Movin' with Nancy
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Movin with Nancy was a television special featuring Nancy Sinatra in a series of musical vignettes featuring herself and other artists. Produced by Nancys production company, Boots Enterprises, Inc. and sponsored by Royal Crown Cola and it produced a companion soundtrack album, and was later released on DVD. The TV special was unlike most musical programs of its time, Sinatra sang while driving down the highway, strolling in the California countryside, and aloft in a hot-air balloon. She performed duets with the guest stars she encountered along the way, the general effect was of a dream-like fantasy that flows from one location to the next, with segments resembling the later format of music videos. The program included an interracial kiss, predating the most well-known scripted interracial kiss on U. S. television by several months. It took place at the end of a number by Sinatra. Movin was produced and directed by Jack Haley, Jr. RC Cola sponsored the show, art Linkletter served as the narrator for two of the commercials that opened and closed the program. Jack Haley Jr. won his first of two Emmy Awards for directing, two other Movin with Nancy specials followed after the original was such a success. Movin with Nancy on Stage aired in 1971 and was presented by The Ed Sullivan Show and it featured the Osmond Brothers, among others, as guests. Movin with Nancy Nice n Easy was produced in 1973 and featured The Muppets, although Nancy hoped to release the two other specials on DVD, as of 2009, no plans have been made. The special was released on DVD by Image Entertainment on May 2,2000 and it features a commentary track by Director Jack Haley Jr. and Nancy Sinatra. Sinatra reminisces about the outfits she was wearing in the show, at the time, she states she wanted to showcase her other songs instead. Sinatra also mentions that the RC Cola commercials were designed to be a part of the show
