Demography
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Demography is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition, and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration.
The Demography of the World Population from 1950 to 2100. Data source: United Nations — World Population Prospects 2017
Population dynamics
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Population dynamics is the type of mathematics used to model and study the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems.
Operophtera brumata populations are geometric.