Determinism
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Determinism is the metaphysical view that all events within the universe can occur only in one possible way. Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have developed from diverse and
Many philosophical theories of determinism frame themselves with the idea that reality follows a sort of predetermined path.
Although it is not possible to predict the arrival position or time for any particle, probabilities of arrival predict the final pattern of events.
Seated Buddha
Philosophy of science
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Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. Amongst its central questions are the difference between science and non-science
In formulating 'the problem of induction', David Hume devised one of the most pervasive puzzles in the philosophy of science.
Karl Popper in the 1980s. Popper is credited with formulating 'the demarcation problem', which considers the question of how we distinguish between science and pseudoscience.
Seen through a telescope, the Einstein cross seems to provide evidence for five different objects, but this observation is theory-laden. If we assume the theory of general relativity, the image only provides evidence for two objects.
Francis Bacon's statue at Gray's Inn, South Square, London